Endokrini i metabolički profil junica holštajna i crvenog holštajna u peripartalnom periodu

The aim of this stady was to examine the relationship between triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and blood serum liver function biomarkers concentrations in Holstein and Red Holstein heifers during the peripartal period. In the first experimental group (I) were heifers of Holstein Friesian breed (n=10), and in the second experimental group (II) were Red Holstein heifers (n=10). Blood samples were taken from the vena coccygea three times during the short peripartal period (5 days before delivery, at delivery and 5 days after delivery), and blood serum samples were separated after spontaneous coagulation. Blood serum T3, T4 and IGF-I concentrations were determinated using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Blood serum concentrations of glucose (G), total protein (TP), albumin, (Alb), urea, total bilirubin (tBil) and aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The statistical significance between means was determined using Student t-test. Blood serum T3 concentration in Group II was significantly lower after delivery, and T4 concentration was significantly higher before delivery (p lt 0.05), compared to Group I. Mean blood serum IGF-I concentrations between the two experimental groups were not significantly different at all time intervals. Relationships between the determined hormones showed a median positive correlation between T3, and T4 (r=0.74) in Group I and highly positive correlation in Group II (r=0.81). Blood serum thyroid gland hormones and IGF-I concentrations in healthy heifers during peripartal period vary considerably, the lowest values being determined immediately after calving in both experimental groups. Blood serum G, TP, Alb and urea concentrations were significantly higher in Group I at all investigated time intervals. Blood serum tBil concentration was significantly higher after partus in Group I (11.02 ± 3.33 : 8.49 ± 3.35 μmol/L, Group I vs. II, respectively), and AST activity was not significantly different at all intervals.Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio određivanje koncentracije triijodtironina (T3), tiroksina (T4), insulinu sličnog faktora rasta-I (IGF-I) i biomarkera, pokazatelja funkcionalnog stanja jetre u krvnom serumu dva varijeteta junica Holštajn rase u peripartalnom periodu. Prvu eksperimentalnu grupu (I) činile su junice crno belog holštajna (n=10), a drugu grupu (II) junice crvenog holštajna (n=10). Krv za analize je uzimana iz repne vene, tri puta u peripartalnom periodu (5 dana pre partusa, na dan partusa i do 5 dana posle partusa), a krvni serum je odvajan nakon spontane koagulacije. U krvnom serumu je radioimunološkom metodom (RIA, INEPZemun) određivanja koncentracija trijodtironina (T3), tiroksina (T4) i insulinu sličnog faktora rasta-I (IGF-I). Koncentracija glukoze (G), ukupnih proteina (TP), albumina, (Alb), ureje, ukupnog bilirubina (tBil) i aktivnost aspartat aminotrasferaze (AST) je određivana upotrebom komercijalnih ELISA kitova. Statistička značajnost razlika srednjih vrednosti ispitivanih endokrinih i metaboličkih parametara je određena Studentovim t-testom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na vrlo različite koncentracije hormona štitne žlezde u krvnom serumu junica oba varijeteta holštajna pre i posle partusa. Koncentracija T3 je bila statistički značajno niža u grupi II nakon partusa, a T4 značajno viša pre partusa (p lt 0.05) u odnosu na nivo hormona u grupi I. Za prosečne vrednosti koncentracija IGF-I, između isptivanih grupa nije ustanovljena statistički značajna razlike ni u jednom od tri perioda ispitivanja. Utvrđena je srednje pozitivna korelacija između koncentracije T3 i T4 (r=0,74) u krvnom serumu junica grupe I, i vrlo visoka pozitivna korelacija u grupi II (r=0,81). Koncentracija TP, Alb i ureje bila je statistički značajno viša kod junica grupe I u sva tri perioda ispitivanja. Nivo tBil u krvnom serumu je takođe bio povišen kod junica grupe I u sva tri perioda ispitivanja, ali su statistički značajne razlike između srednjih vrednosti ustanovljene samo u periodu nakon partusa. Aktivnost AST u krvnom serumu junica oba varijeteta značajno je varirala u svim periodima ispitivanja i nisu ustanovljene statistički značajne razlike između srednjih vrednosti

Comparative examination of the serological response to bluetongue virus in diseased ruminants by competitive and double recognition enzime-linked immunosorbent assays

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗBluetongue (BT) is a viral non-contagious disease of ruminants which is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. In recent years, BT has been a serious threat to livestock and to the economies of European countries. In Serbia the disease appeared for the first time in 2001, and after a 12 year period of freedom, it broke out again in 2014. Considering the actuality of this infectious disease, especially the need for prompt and rapid diagnostics, the aim of this paper was to determine the possibility of detecting the serological response in sheep and cattle with manifested clinical signs of the disease using two different methods: double recognition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). A total of 105 blood serum samples of cattle and sheep, which had exhibited clinical signs of BT during 2014, were taken for examination from a serum bank. Out of 74 blood serum samples of sheep and 31 blood serum samples of cattle, 52 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle tested positive using sELISA, while 50 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle gave positive reactions with cELISA. The results confirm the high sensitivity of sELISA which detected 4% more seropositive sheep in comparison with cELISA. Using Cohen’s kappa statistical analysis, almost perfect agreement was determined between the results (k>0,81) obtained by cELISA and sELISA

The influence of increased rearing density on medial protocerebral neurosecretory neurons of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars

Morphometric changes of A1, A1' and A2 protocerebral dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons, total brain protein content and brain protein profiles were analyzed in 4th instar Lymantria dispar larvae under elevated rearing density, i.e. under intense stress when 5 larvae were kept in a petri dish (V = 80 ml), less intense stress when 5 larvae were kept in a plastic cup (V = 300 ml). In the control samples the larvae were reared in isolated conditions. Protein pattern changes in the brain were observed. Proteins with the following molecular masses: 30, 14, 10 and 3.4-2.5 kD were detected in the experimental groups. The size and cytological characteristics of protocerebral dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons were changed under elevated rearing density.U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj povećane gustine gajenja na gusenice gubara Lymantria dispar L. Morfometrijske promene A1, A1' i A2 dorzomedijalnih neurosekretnih neurona protocerebruma, ukupna količina proteina u homogenatima mozga i proteinski profili mozga gusenica gubara 4. larvenog stupnja su ispitivani pod sledećim eksperimentalnim uslovima: intenzivan stres - 5 larvi je gajeno u petri šolji (V = 80 ml), manje intenzivan stres - 5 larvi je gajeno u plastičnim čašama (V = 300 ml) i kontrola - larve su gajene pojedinačno, u izolovanim uslovima. U proteinskim profilima promene su uočene u sledećim regionima molekulskih masa: 30, 14, 10, 3.4-2.5 kD. Veličina i citološke osobine protocerebralnih dorzomedijalnih neurosekretnih neurona se menjaju pod delovanjem povećane gustine gajenja.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

The most important diseases in dogs and cats and new trends in immunoprophylaxis

Značajan segment profesionalnog angažovanja doktora veterinarske medicine predstavlja tzv. mala praksa; često nazvana i luksuzna, s obzirom na, većim delom, sentimentalnu vrednost pacijenata. Najčešće se radi o psima i mačkama koji u veterinarsku ambulantu (kliniku) dolaze i povodom sprovođenja imunoprofilaktičkih mera, tj. vakcinacija, kojima se sprečavaju odnosno kontrolišu najznačajnije infektivne bolesti ove dve vrste životinja. Ne razmatrajući osnovne preduslove za sticanje adekvatne zaštite odnosno pravilne reakcije na vakcinu, u radu se ukazuje na nove sisteme imunoprofilakse i upotrebu novih imunogena. Naime, za vakcinaciju pasa na tržištu se nalaze u različitim formulacijama kako inaktivisani tako i atenuisani imunogeni parvovirusa pasa, atenuisani adenovirusi i paramiksovirusi (štenećak i parainfluenca). U slučaju vakcinacije mačaka, kontrolišu se kalici, herpes, parvovirusne i retrovirusne infekcije, kao i hlamidioza mačaka. Neka infektivna oboljenja pasa i mačaka su zoonoze. Tako se, na primer, infekcije sa leptospirama kontrolišu inaktivisanim vakcinama koje tradicionalno sadrže serotipove koji su od značaja kako za pse tako i za ljude (serotipovi Canicola i Icterohaemorrhagiae). Od značaja je svakako i činjenica da se u populacijama pasa i mačaka pojavljuju i neki drugi serotipovi bakterije L. interrogans. Dobro je poznata epizootiološka činjenica da se psi pojavljuju kao rezervoari gore napomenutih serotipova ali, po svemu sudeći, i mačke igraju značajnu ulogu u održavanju leptospiroze u našem regionu. Postojanje maternalnog imuniteta nije i jedini problem prilikom vakcinacije mladih životinja. Naime, u nekim slučajevima, uspešno sproveden protokol vakcinacije, na primer, protiv parvovirusne infekcije pasa, obezbeđuje višegodišnju zaštitu pa je u takvim slučajevima vakcinacija jednom godišnje kontraindikovana.A significant segment of professional engagement for doctor of veterinary medicine is the so called. small practice; often referred as luxury, given the largely sentimental value to patients. Frequently, it comes to dogs and cats that in veterinary clinic (clinic) come because of the occasion for the implementation of immunoprophylactic measures ie. vaccinations that prevent or control the most important infectious diseases of these two species. Not considering the basic prerequisites for obtaining of adequate protection or proper reaction to the vaccine, the paper points to the new systems of immunoprophylaxis and use of new immunogens. Namely, for the dogs vaccination, in market are in various formulations inactivated and attenuated immunogenic parvovirus, adeno and attenuated paramyxovirus (distemper and parainfluenza) viruses. In the case of vaccination of cats, calici, herpes, parvo and retro viral infections and chlamydiosis of cats controlled. Some infectious diseases of dogs and cats are zoonoses. For example, infection with leptospires, control is with inactivated vaccines traditionally serotypes that are of importance for both dogs and humans (serotypes canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae). Of importance is certainly the fact that in populations of dogs and cats appear and some other serotypes of L. interrogans. Well known is epidemiological fact that dogs appear as reservoirs of the serotypes, but apparently cats play an important role in the maintenance of leptospirosis in our region. The existence of maternal immunity is not the only problem during the vaccination of young animals. Namely, in some cases successfully executed the protocol of vaccination, for example against parvoviral infections of dogs, provides long-term protection and is in such cases, vaccination once per year, is contraindicated

NAJVAŽNIJE BOLESTI PASA I MA9AKA I NOVI TRENDOVI U IMUNOPROFILAKSI

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Application of Nature-Based Solutions in Serbian Protected Area Management for the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals

Healthy natural ecosystems, such as protected areas (PA), support and sustain biodiversity and human well-being by providing essential ecosystem services and health benefits. However, maintaining such ecosystems to provide these environmental benefits becomes a more and more challenging issue with climate changes, biodiversity loss, land degradation and the continued erosion of the natural capital, particularly in the developing world. The main objective of this research is to establish a methodology for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15 “Life on Land”. The methodology will include the determination of heavy metals in soil and needle samples, and questioners for different stakeholders: local people, local businesses, government, civil society organizations (CSO), and the academic community. Soils are integral components of protected area ecosystems. Soil health has been defined as “the capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within an ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and promote plant and animal health” [1]. This definition speaks to the importance of managing soils, so they remain sustainable for future generations. On the other hand, the conifer needles are good bioindicators of ecosystem conditions. The questioner will allow obtaining data about the social and economic benefits of the PAs. The soil and needle samples from four protected areas in Serbia (Zlatibor, Golija, Tara, Đerdap) were analyzed using Inductively coupled plasma –optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Quantitative pollution indices were calculated (Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (Cf), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Pollution load index (PLI), and Degree of contamination (Cd)), since they are effective tools for converting the raw environmental data into information relevant to support decision-making [2]. Results of this study provide a scientifically-based overview of the conditions of soil health and health of the forest ecosystem and help to propose nature-based solutions (NBS) for enhancing the sustainability of management, especially in the context of improving ecosystem services and climate change adaptation and mitigation. NBS provide affordable, sustainable, and feasible benefits that contribute to improving soil quality and support several ecosystem services relevant to support public health and social well-being [4]. Results of this study use the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 15 “Life on Land” as a global framework for establishing the partnership between PA managers, conservationists and local authorities that would enhance health and increase environmental, social and economic benefits of the PAs

The influence of increased rearing density on medial protocerebral neurosecretory neurons of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars

Morphometric changes of A1, A1' and A2 protocerebral dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons, total brain protein content and brain protein profiles were analyzed in 4th instar Lymantria dispar larvae under elevated rearing density, i.e. under intense stress when 5 larvae were kept in a petri dish (V = 80 ml), less intense stress when 5 larvae were kept in a plastic cup (V = 300 ml). In the control samples the larvae were reared in isolated conditions. Protein pattern changes in the brain were observed. Proteins with the following molecular masses: 30, 14, 10 and 3.4-2.5 kD were detected in the experimental groups. The size and cytological characteristics of protocerebral dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons were changed under elevated rearing density.U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj povećane gustine gajenja na gusenice gubara Lymantria dispar L. Morfometrijske promene A1, A1' i A2 dorzomedijalnih neurosekretnih neurona protocerebruma, ukupna količina proteina u homogenatima mozga i proteinski profili mozga gusenica gubara 4. larvenog stupnja su ispitivani pod sledećim eksperimentalnim uslovima: intenzivan stres - 5 larvi je gajeno u petri šolji (V = 80 ml), manje intenzivan stres - 5 larvi je gajeno u plastičnim čašama (V = 300 ml) i kontrola - larve su gajene pojedinačno, u izolovanim uslovima. U proteinskim profilima promene su uočene u sledećim regionima molekulskih masa: 30, 14, 10, 3.4-2.5 kD. Veličina i citološke osobine protocerebralnih dorzomedijalnih neurosekretnih neurona se menjaju pod delovanjem povećane gustine gajenja.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Effect of olive oil on antioxidative defense components in liver of cadmium intoxicated rats

The present study investigated the possible protective role of olive oil on antioxidative defense components in liver of cadmium (Cd) intoxicated animals. Male, Wistar albino 3 months old rats were injected with a single dose of: 1) CdCl2 (0.4 mg Cd/kg i.p. and sacrificed after 24h), 2) olive oil (0.4 ml olive oil/kg b.m., i.m., 48h before the sacrificing) and 3) olive oil + Cd (in above mentioned amounts). Treatment with Cd increased lipid peroxidation (LP) in blood and activities of alanine and aspartate transaminase (ALT and AST) in plasma. Concentrations of non enzymatic components of antioxidative defense system (AOS): vitamin C (Vit C) and vitamin E (Vit E) were significantly decreased in liver tissue of Cd treated rats. Pretreatment with olive oil reversed Cd induced alterations in LP content and transaminases activities, as well as on endogenous antioxidive defense components.U ovom radu ispitivana je moguća zaštitna uloga maslinovog ulja na antioksidacione zaštitne komponente u jetri pacova intoksiciranim kadmijumom (Cd). Mužjaci pacova Wistar albino, starosti tri meseca akutno su tretirani sa: 1) CdCl (0.4 mg Cd/kg t.m., i.p., 24h pre žrtvovanja), 2) maslinovim uljem (0.4 ml maslinovog ulja/kg t.m., i.m., 48h pre žrtvovanja) i 3) maslinovim uljem + Cd (u navedenim količinama). Posle tretmana kadmijumom značajno se povećava koncentracija lipidnih peroksida (LP) u krvi, kao i aktivnost alanin i aspartat transaminaza (ALT i AST) u plazmi. Koncentracije neenzimskih komponenti antioksidacionog zaštitnog sistema (AOS): vitamin C (Vit C) i vitamin E (Vit E) su značajno smanjene u jetri kod pacova tretiranih kadmijumom. Eksperimenti sa pacovima koji su u pred tretmanu dobijali maslinovo ulje pokazuju da maslinovo ulje sprečava ili ublažava kadmijumom izazvane promene u koncentraciji LP, aktivnosti, kao i koncentraciji endogenih antioksidacionih zaštitnih komponenti

Effect of olive oil on antioxidative defense components in liver of cadmium intoxicated rats

The present study investigated the possible protective role of olive oil on antioxidative defense components in liver of cadmium (Cd) intoxicated animals. Male, Wistar albino 3 months old rats were injected with a single dose of: 1) CdCl2 (0.4 mg Cd/kg i.p. and sacrificed after 24h), 2) olive oil (0.4 ml olive oil/kg b.m., i.m., 48h before the sacrificing) and 3) olive oil + Cd (in above mentioned amounts). Treatment with Cd increased lipid peroxidation (LP) in blood and activities of alanine and aspartate transaminase (ALT and AST) in plasma. Concentrations of non enzymatic components of antioxidative defense system (AOS): vitamin C (Vit C) and vitamin E (Vit E) were significantly decreased in liver tissue of Cd treated rats. Pretreatment with olive oil reversed Cd induced alterations in LP content and transaminases activities, as well as on endogenous antioxidive defense components.U ovom radu ispitivana je moguća zaštitna uloga maslinovog ulja na antioksidacione zaštitne komponente u jetri pacova intoksiciranim kadmijumom (Cd). Mužjaci pacova Wistar albino, starosti tri meseca akutno su tretirani sa: 1) CdCl (0.4 mg Cd/kg t.m., i.p., 24h pre žrtvovanja), 2) maslinovim uljem (0.4 ml maslinovog ulja/kg t.m., i.m., 48h pre žrtvovanja) i 3) maslinovim uljem + Cd (u navedenim količinama). Posle tretmana kadmijumom značajno se povećava koncentracija lipidnih peroksida (LP) u krvi, kao i aktivnost alanin i aspartat transaminaza (ALT i AST) u plazmi. Koncentracije neenzimskih komponenti antioksidacionog zaštitnog sistema (AOS): vitamin C (Vit C) i vitamin E (Vit E) su značajno smanjene u jetri kod pacova tretiranih kadmijumom. Eksperimenti sa pacovima koji su u pred tretmanu dobijali maslinovo ulje pokazuju da maslinovo ulje sprečava ili ublažava kadmijumom izazvane promene u koncentraciji LP, aktivnosti, kao i koncentraciji endogenih antioksidacionih zaštitnih komponenti

Metabolism of SIN-1: Peroxynitrite donor in rat red blood cells

The aim of this study is elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the 3-morpholino-sydnonimine-hydrochloride (SIN-1) action, particularly its metabolism in rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes. SIN-1 is active metabolite of molsidomine, an established vasodilator drug, clinically used in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Rats erythrocyte and reticulocyte-rich suspensions were aerobically incubated without (control) or in the presence of SIN-1 (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1,0 and 1.5 mM). The concentrations of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and parameters that indicate oxidative damage of red blood cells were determined after incubation. In rat erythrocytes SIN-1 in high doses increased concentrations of nitrite (NO+ ion indicator), hydroxylamine (NO- ion indicator) and 3-nitrotyrosine (peroxynitrite indicator). Concentration of superoxide anion radical (O2) increased in the presence of SIN-1 on dose-dependent way (except in the presence of higher applied dose), while level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) did not alter. In rat reticulocytes SIN-1 significantly increased 3-nitrotyrosine concentrations only. In addition, low doses of SIN-1 induced decrease of O2.- level, while concentration of H2O2 increased dose-dependently. These data indicate that SIN-1-induced nitrosative and oxidative stress in rat red blood cells. The strong oxidative damage of erythrocytes and reticulocytes (increased level of methemoglobin, Heinz bodies and lipid peroxides concentrations) are appeared as consequence of SIN-1-induced oxidative stress.Cilj ovog rada je da se objasne molekularni mehanizmi delovanja 3-morfolino-sidnonimin-hidrohlorida (SIN-1) sa posebnim akcentom na metabolizam ovog leka u eritrocitima i retikulocitima pacova. SIN-1 je aktivni metabolit molsidomina, leka koji se klinički koristi u terapiji bolesti koronarnih arterija. Suspenzije eritrocita i crvenih krvnih ćelija bogate retikulocitima su aerobno inkubirane bez (kontrola) ili u prisustvu različitih koncentracija SIN-1 (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 i 1.5 mM). Koncentracije reaktivnih vrsta azota (RNS) i reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika (ROS), kao i koncentracije parametara koji ukazuju na oksidaciona oštećenja crvenih krvnih ćelija, određivane su nakon inkubacije. U eritrocitima pacova, SIN-1 samo u visokim dozama povećava koncentracije nitrita (indikator NO+ jona) hidroksilamina (indicator NO- jona) i 3-nitrotirozina (indikator peroksinitrita). Koncentracija superoksid anjon radikala (O2.-) je povećana na dozno-zavisan način (osim u prisustvu maksimalne primenjene doze SIN-1) dok se nivo vodonik peroksida (H2O2) ne menja. U retikulocitima pacova SIN-1 značajno povećava samo koncentraciju 3-nitrotirozina. Niske doze SIN-1 indukuju smanjenje O2.- nivoa, dok koncentracije H2O2 rastu na dozno-zavisan način. Na osnovu iznetih podataka, možemo zaključiti da SIN-1 indukuje nitrozacioni i oksidacioni stres u crvenim krvnim ćelijama pacova. Ovakvo stanje je posledično praćeno snažnim oksidacionim oštećenjem eritrocita i retikulocita (povećanjem koncentracija methemoglobina, Heinz-ovih telašaca i lipidnih peroksida).nul