Srpska pravoslavna crkva tokom 90-ih

This paper is based on the earlier works of the author (incurred mainly on the analysis of the press of state and Church provenance), surveys of sociologists of religion, and findings of other researchers dealing with the issues of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Several characteristic points could be drawn that marked the history of the Church in the late 80s and throughout the 90s: the Church’s return from the margins and its more significant presence in society; accelerated process of desecularization; complicated relationship to authorities, ranged from the first closeness to the complete break and disappointment over unfulfilled expectations of the Church; refusal to admit the divisions and the creation of new states formed into the wars on 90s, which for the Church constituted acts of violent secession to detriment of the Serbian people; negative attitudes to the West, ecumenism, Vatican and interfaith dialogue; efforts to resolve the issue of schism within the Church; and growing internal contradictions in the episcopate. Entering unprepared for transition processes that led from one political system to another, followed by the wars and the collapse of the state, and movements into the Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church has tried to oscillate between maintenance of the traditional role of the national Church, and a gradual adjustment to the changes, in aim to avoid major consequences for ecclesiastical organization.This paper is based on the earlier works of the author (incurred mainly on the analysis of the press of state and Church provenance), surveys of sociologists of religion, and findings of other researchers dealing with the issues of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Several characteristic points could be drawn that marked the history of the Church in the late 80s and throughout the 90s: the Church’s return from the margins and its more significant presence in society; accelerated process of desecularization; complicated relationship to authorities, ranged from the first closeness to the complete break and disappointment over unfulfilled expectations of the Church; refusal to admit the divisions and the creation of new states formed into the wars on 90s, which for the Church constituted acts of violent secession to detriment of the Serbian people; negative attitudes to the West, ecumenism, Vatican and interfaith dialogue; efforts to resolve the issue of schism within the Church; and growing internal contradictions in the episcopate. Entering unprepared for transition processes that led from one political system to another, followed by the wars and the collapse of the state, and movements into the Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church has tried to oscillate between maintenance of the traditional role of the national Church, and a gradual adjustment to the changes, in aim to avoid major consequences for ecclesiastical organization

The Process of Religious and Political Rapprochement between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in 1920s and 1930s - An International Ecumenical Perspective

This article addresses the role of the ecumenical organization, the World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship through the Churches, in the complicated process of religious and political rapprochement between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in the 1920s and 1930s. It argues that the Bulgarian and Yugoslav National Committees of the World Alliance formed a diplomatic channel for tackling the problems between the two countries, predominantly the question of Macedonia, but ultimately the rapprochement process between the two countries failed due to the outbreak of World War II

Women in the Serbian Orthodox Church: Historical Overview and Contemporary Situation

Research on the position of women in the Eastern Orthodox churches is still scarce. Some recent studies show differences among the various Orthodox Churches in Eastern Europe regarding women’s issues. The position of the women in the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) was addressed as late as in the 1990s, but this is still an insufficiently examined field. Eastern Orthodox theologians have rarely discussed the problem of the position and role of women in the SOC. During the socialist era, they did not engage this topic, except in studies related to female monasticism. On the other hand, sociological and anthropological studies have only recently started to include the topic of women in religion and in the church in their research on religiosity in Serbia. However, serious empirical research is still insufficient

The Serbian Orthodox Church in Western Historiography: Maria Falina, Religion and Politics in Interwar Yugoslavia: Serbian Nationalism and East Orthodox Christianity, (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023)

This essay is a review of Maria Falina’s book, which investigates the complex interaction between the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC), nationalism, and politics in Yugoslavia during the interwar period. It delves into Maria Falina’s ideas, historical context, and various perspectives that she offers. Falina questions commonly held beliefs about the natural relationship between religion and Serbian nationalism, and digs into the SOC’s changing role as a political actor during a period of profound social and political change. Falina investigates the influence of people such as Nikolaj Velimirović and Justin Popović, the Church’s reaction to the Yugoslav state, religious competition, and modernity issues

Građansko vaspitanje u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji - evaluativna studija

The paper presents the results of evaluation study which pertained to estimation of effects of teaching of Civil Education. The evaluation was carried out on representative sample of pupils and teachers in elementary and secondary schools in Serbia. Considering that eight years passed since the introduction of this course to schools, a need emerged for evaluation of quality of contents and methods of teaching, as well as for check of its effects on the level of knowledge and general political culture of pupils. The basic goal of the study was to formulate empirically-based recommendations deriving from the obtained results, for further improvement of the program and the manner of its realization in the schools in Serbia.U radu su prikazani rezultati evaluativne studije koja se odnosila na procenu efekata nastave iz Građanskog vaspitanja. Evaluacija je izvršena na reprezentativnom uzorku učenika i nastavnika osnovnih i srednjih škola u Srbiji. S obzirom da je proteklo osam godina od uvođenja ovog predmeta u škole, ukazala se potreba za evaluacijom kvaliteta sadržaja i metoda nastave kao i proverom njegovih efekata na nivo znanja i opšte političke kulture učenika. Osnovni cilj studije je bio da se na osnovu dobijenih rezultata formulišu empirijski zasnovane preporuke za dalje unapređenje programa i načina njegove realizacije u školama u Srbiju

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DIMETHYLAMINE VAPORS EMISSION: HERBICIDE PRODUCTION PLANT

The widely used herbicide, dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D-DMA), is usually prepared by mixing a dimethylamine (DMA) aqueous solution with a solid 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). The vapors of the both, reactants and products, are potentially hazardous for the environment. The contribution of DMA vapors in overall pollution from this process is most significant, concerning vapor pressures data of these pollutants. Therefore, the control of the air pollution in the manufacture and handling of methylamines is very important. Within this paper, the optimal air pollution control system in preparation of 2,4-D-DMA was developed for the pesticides manufacturing industry. This study employed the simple pollution prevention concept to reduce the emission of DMA vapors at the source. The investigations were performed on the pilot plant scale. To reduce the emission of DMA vapors, the effluent gases from the herbicide preparation zone were passed through the packed bed scrubber (water - scrubbing medium), and the catalytic reactor in sequence. The end result is a substantially improved air quality in the working area, as well as in the urbanized areas located near the chemical plant

Climate change: the impact on aflatoxin contamination in cereals

It is considered that one of the greatest food safety concerns worldwide is aflatoxins (AFs) contamination of cereals, due to its carcinogenic effects, high number of associated notifications in cereal based food and feed products, as well as in milk and dairy products. AFs produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are the most toxic and frequent contaminants of cereals, especially in areas with hot and humid climates. Changes in temperature and water availability related to global climate changes (increased temperature, heavy rainfalls, and droughts) are modulating factors of filamentous fungi growth and production of mycotoxins. Amongst all favouring factors, environmental factors (temperature, water activity (aw) and relative humidity (RH)) and climate change have been identified as the primary factors

Sagorevanje tečnog otpada fabrike pesticida u fluidizovanom sloju

Industrial liquid wastes can be in the form of solutions, suspensions, sludges, scums or waste oil and have organic properties. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a fluidized bed as a clean technology for burning liquid waste from a pesticide production plant. The combustion of liquid waste mixtures, obtained from realistic samples, was investigated in a pilot scale fluidized bed with quartz sand particles of 0.63-1.25 mm in diameter and 2610 kg/m3 in density at 800-950°C. To ensure complete combustion of liquid waste and additional fuel, the combustion chamber was supplied with excess air and the U/UmF (at ambient temperature) was in between 1.1 and 2.3. In the fluidized bed chamber, liquid waste, additional liquid fuel and air can be brought into intense contact sufficient to permit combustion in bed without backfire problems. The experimental results show that the fluidized bed furnace offers excellent thermal uniformity and temperature control. The results of the combustion tests showed that degradation of liquid wastes can be successfully realized in a fluidized bed with no harmful gaseous emissions by ensuring that the temperatures of both the bed and the freeboard are not lower than 900°C.Industrijski tečni otpad može biti u obliku rastvora, suspenzija, mulja, pene, otpadnog ulja i generalno sadrži različite organske komponente. Predmet ovog rada je demonstracija tretmana tečnog otpada sa visokim sadržajem zagađujućih materija fabrike za proizvodnju pesticida metodom termičke destrukcije u fluidizovanom sloju peska kao tehnički praktične i optimalne tehnologije. Ispitivanja sagorevanja realnih tečnih otpadnih smeša fabrike pesticida su izvršena u poluindustrijskom-demonstracionom postrojenju, tj. u fluidizacionoj koloni sa slojem kvarcnog peska granulacije 0,63-1,25 mm i gustine 2610 kg/m3 na 800-950°C. U cilju obezbeđenja potpunog sagorevanja tečnog otpada, u fluidizacionu kolonu je uvođen vazduh u višku i odnos U/UmF (na temperaturi okoline) je iznosio između 1,1 i 2,3. U fluidizacionoj koloni se tečni otpad, dodatno tečno gorivo i vazduh mogu dovesti u stanje intenzivnog kontakta što omogućava stabilno i homogeno sagorevanje u sloju. Rezultati eksperimentalnih ispitivanja pokazuju da se u fluidizovanom sloju peska ostvaruje veoma dobra termička uniformnost i kontrola temperatura. Rezultati ispitivanja sagorevanja su pokazali da se tečni otpad sa visokim sadržajem zagađujućih materija može uspešno termički tretirati u fluidizovanom sloju peska bez emisije štetnih produkata sagorevanja, pod uslovom da su u sloju i iznad sloja obezbeđene temperature iznad 900°C

Impact of Climate Changes on the Natural Prevalence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize Harvested in Serbia and Croatia

Ongoing climate change may affect the susceptibility of plants to attacks by pathogenic, mostly mycotoxigenic fungi with a consequent increase in the presence of mycotoxins. Fusarium fungi represent one of the most important producers of mycotoxins, and are also important pathogens of agricultural crops. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to estimate the impact of weather parameters on the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins B1 and B2 (FUMs), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2, and HT-2 toxins (T-2/HT-2) in maize samples harvested from two neighboring countries, Serbia and Croatia, during a four-year production period (2018–2021). The frequency and contamination level of examined Fusarium mycotoxins varied by maize year of production and could be linked to weather conditions per investigated country. Among them, FUMs were found to be the most common contaminants (84–100%) of maize in both Serbia and Croatia. Additionally, a critical assessment of Fusarium mycotoxins occurrence in the last 10 years (2012–2021), for both Serbia and Croatia, was done. Results pointed out the highest contamination of maize from 2014, especially with DON and ZEN, in connection to extreme levels of precipitation observed in both Serbia and Croatia, whereas FUMs occurred with high prevalence from each of the ten investigated years