Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid-Phase Extraction (MISPE) for the Determination of Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) and Its Risk Assessment in Tomatoes

In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method for the determination of dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) before HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) analysis was conducted. This study aims to analyze the sorption behavior and the potential use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) for DNOC extraction. MIP was prepared using a combination of methacrylic acid as the functional monomer; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, and acetonitrile as the porogen. The results showed that the optimum adsorption of the material was achieved at pH 5 for a contact time of 30 min with an adsorption capacity of 137 mg/g. The ideal eluent for desorption was a mixture of methanol and acetic acid with a ratio of 3:1. The calculations showed that the adsorption process followed the Sips adsorption isotherm model (n = 0.967), which indicated adsorption on both homogeneous and monolayer surfaces. Reusability studies that were conducted via three consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles resulted in recovery values of 109.4%, 108.8%, and 101.1%. The concentration of DNOC obtained from tomato samples was 0.65 mg/kg with a recovery rate of 87.17%; this was within the tolerable range between 80% and 110%. Based on the high recovery and low LoQ, this method can be used to quantify DNOC quickly

Enrichment of Omega-3 from Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) Fish Oil by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) is an economically important fish in Indonesia. Anchovy contains Omega-3 that important to maintain the health of the heart and brain. This study aimed to enrich the Omega 3 content of anchovy oil from the North Sea of West Java. The extraction of anchovy oil was carried out by the soxhlet method. Enrichment of omega 3 from anchovy fish oil is carried out by hydrolysis with a commercial lipase enzyme at concentration 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 unit/600g fish oil, for 5, 10, 15 and 20 hour. Before hydrolysis, fish oil was added with solvent water, ethanol, toluene, and n-hexane. Omega 3 content of fish oil products were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC) with FID detector with retention time 14.068 min and 15.506 min for α-Linolenat (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), respectively. The results showed the highest omega 3 content (ALA 0.54% and EPA 1.103% ) was produced by addition n-hexane with a ratio 1:6 with the concentration of lipase was 1000 units for 20 hours

THE EFFECTS OF ADSORBENT MATERIALS ON THE LIPID QUALITY OF LEMURU FISH OIL AND THE ENRICHMENT OF OMEGA-3 USING LIPASE

Sardinella (lemuru) is a genus of fish that is widespread in the East Java Sea region, especially in Muncar, Banyuwangi in East Java Province, Indonesia. Marine fishes are rich in essential fatty acids, including omega-3. This study aims to improve the quality of lemuru fish oil through the use of adsorbent materials such as bentonite and activated carbon. The sample was analyzed to determine its free fatty acid (FFA) content and peroxide value (PV) using the titrimetric method. The clarity of the oil was determined using the spectrophotometric method (λ 440 nm). The omega 3 content from the fish oil sample was then enriched through enzymatic reactions using lipase. Enzymatic reactions were carried out for 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 47 hours with a lipase concentration of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 units respectively. The omega-3 content of the fish oil products was analyzed using the GC-FID method. The results show that the addition of 3% activated carbon and bentonite in the fish oil reduced the FFA and PV results. Moreover, the absorbance value at λ 440 nm was also reduced from 0.883 to 0.559. The highest content of omega-3 was obtained through hydrolysis with lipase at a concentration of 1000 units for 35 hours with alpha-methyl linolenate (ALA), methyl all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentanoate (EPA) and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosa-hexaenoic acid methyl ester (DHA) at 0.78, 1.06, and 0.29% respectively

Use of Water and Hygiene Products: A COVID-19 Investigation in Indonesia

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hygiene practices and water consumption in Indonesia. Data were collected through an online survey, supplemented by the official national socio-economic survey. The findings indicate an increase in hygiene practices, particularly handwashing, aligned with health protocols. This behavior led to higher water and hygiene product usage, unaffected by socio-economic factors. Respondents’ perception of COVID-19 and compliance with health protocols drove the increase, with older individuals preferring handwashing with water and younger individuals favoring hand sanitizer. Access to improved drinking water remained stagnant, while bottled water consumption rose. This highlights challenges in achieving the SDG 6 targets for safe drinking water. This study stresses the need to address COVID-19 perception to promote better hygiene practices and raises concerns about increased water usage, domestic pollution, and wastewater management during and after the pandemic. These insights could inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working in public health and water management to achieve SDG 6 goals amidst the pandemic and beyond

Analysis of Factors Influencing Illegal Waste Dumping Generation Using GIS Spatial Regression Methods

Illegal municipal waste dumping practices in developing countries may be impacted by many factors such as socioeconomic, demographic, availability of waste collection facilities, recycling sites, and spatial characteristics. This study uses spatial regression analysis to identify which factors primarily impact illegal waste dumping practices. For this purpose, 8 variables explain the data for the 177 subdistricts used in the spatial regression analysis. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods to build a regression model of the factors identified. OLS analysis showed that only elevation and population density were found to become determinants of illegal waste dumping activity based on spatial regression methods. Elevation above sea level is positively correlated while population density is negatively correlated with the number of illegal dumping generations. GWR shows a better statistical value than OLS, where the significance of the adjusted R-square increased from 0.24 to 0.61. This study may help reduce the number of illegal waste dumping practices, especially in a metro city context

Analysis of Factors Influencing Illegal Waste Dumping Generation Using GIS Spatial Regression Methods

Illegal municipal waste dumping practices in developing countries may be impacted by many factors such as socioeconomic, demographic, availability of waste collection facilities, recycling sites, and spatial characteristics. This study uses spatial regression analysis to identify which factors primarily impact illegal waste dumping practices. For this purpose, 8 variables explain the data for the 177 subdistricts used in the spatial regression analysis. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods to build a regression model of the factors identified. OLS analysis showed that only elevation and population density were found to become determinants of illegal waste dumping activity based on spatial regression methods. Elevation above sea level is positively correlated while population density is negatively correlated with the number of illegal dumping generations. GWR shows a better statistical value than OLS, where the significance of the adjusted R-square increased from 0.24 to 0.61. This study may help reduce the number of illegal waste dumping practices, especially in a metro city context

Using UV–Vis differential absorbance spectra of tropical peat water DOM fraction to determine trihalomethanes formation potential and its estimated cytotoxicity

Absorbance differential spectra could be utilized to identify dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics such as the disinfection by products (DBPs) formation. This research purposed to establish the relationship between absorbance differential spectra and trihalomethanes-4 (THM4) formation potential, as well as the estimated cytotoxicity of tropical peat water DOM percentage. The ion exchange resin was used to separate the DOM components from peat water. In addition, the UV–Vis spectrum was examined between 200 and 700 nm. The hydrophobic-acid (HPOA) fraction contains the highest concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), THM4 production potential, and calculated cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the hydrophilic-neutral (HPIN) fraction has the lowest potential THM4 production. The UV–Vis absorbance spectra of all DOM fractions showed a comparable peak at 277 nm. The differential spectra of 277 nm (ΔA277) indicated a significant association with DOC concentration (99.6 %), trichloromethane (TCM) creation (86.6 %), total-THM4 (TTHM4) (81.3 %) formation, THM4 estimated cytotoxicity (89.7 %), and a moderate correlation with bromodichloromethane (BDCM) formation (55.6 %). Meanwhile, ΔA277 had a poor correlation with brominated THM4 formation potential (chlorodibromomethane (CDBM): 2.59, tribromomethane (TBM): 2.78 %). The absorbance differential spectra might be employed as a surrogate measure for the peat water DOM fraction and its precursor properties to form THM4 during the chlorination process, as well as its estimated cytotoxicity