Red Dragon Fruit Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Restores Learning Ability and Memory on Test Animals Post Lead Exposure: Experimental Study on Test Animals

The aim of this study was to analyze whether red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) administration affect learning ability and memory after lead exposure. A randomized control-group pretest-posttest was conducted with 24 mice (Mus musculus), which was divided through a random assignment into four groups: G1, G2, G3, and G4. Group G1 received 1.16 mg/10 g BW lead acetate. Group G2, G3, and G4 received 1.16 mg/10 g BW lead acetate and red dragon fruit extract 250 mg/kg BW (G2), 500 mg/kg BW (G3), and 1000 mg/kg BW (G4). Results revealed that some groups that has been given red dragon fruit extract (group G2, G3, and G4) showed significant improvement of latency time, frequency, and combined scoring value of latency time and frequency in posttest by using Morris Water Maze compared to the control group (p = .001; α = .05). The improvement of group G3 and G4 was better than group G2. These finding indicates that administration of red dragon fruit extract have a protective effect and improves learning ability and memory after lead exposure with 500-1000 mg/kg BW as the best dose

Comparison Effect of CV 12, ST 36 and ST 40 EA on Short Term Energy Balance Regulation in High Fat Diet Rat

The aim of this study was to determine the comparative effects of EA (EA) on the CV12, ST36 and ST40 to weight gain prevention over the short-term regulation of energy balance. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design. Rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (no treatment, n=5), positive control (sham EA/back, n=5), EA CV 12 (n=6), EA ST 36 (n=6) and EA ST 40 (n=7). Rats were exposed to high-fat diet for two weeks and EA was simultaneously performed once daily, five days a week for two weeks with 2 Hz, for 10 minutes with continuous wave. Body weight, BMI, front limb circumference and rear were measured during study. Levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at the end of the study; which reflects the short-term regulation of energy homeostasis. For weight loss, EA CV12, ST36 and ST40 group have lost weight significantly compared to the negative and positive control group. The ST40 group has a significant decrease than ST36 and CV12. The most significant decrease in BMI found in the ST40 group. EA did not affect blood glucose levels, but modulated blood lipid profile. In ST 40 group there was a significant decrease in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. EA at point ST 40 is potential in preventing increased body weight and BMI in rats exposed to high-fat diet compared to the CV 12 and ST 36. ST 40 is a point with a potential of lowering LDL and triglycerides serum so that it can play a role in the short term regulation of energy homeostasis but also in the prevention of dyslipidemia

Pengaruh Olahraga Aerobik Tipe Closed Skill Terhadap Konsentrasi Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga

This research was conducted to determine the effect of using aerobic of closed-skill type toward students’ concentration of Pediatric Department of Universitas Airlangga. This research was experimental design which randomized pre-test post-test control group with 36 students who seldom doing sport as samples. These students were divided into two groups; experimental group and control group. Experimental group did aerobic with closed technique type training which medium to high intensity around 75 minutes a week for 3 weeks. On the otherwise, control group did not do it. The research instruments were xbox with kinetic sensor and attention network test. The students’ concentration was measured three aspects such as alerting, orienting and conflict effect. This analysis technique was done by using statistical technique through SPSS. The result shown that there was no significant different between experimental group and control group by comparing average score of pre-test and post-test for alerting aspect (0.895), orienting (0.572), and conflict effect (0.019). Therefore, there was significant different from pre-test and post-test of control group for conflict effect (0.019) but there were not significant different for alerting (0.072) and orienting (0.735) and for experimental group, there was significant different in alerting (0.02) and conflict (0.001) but there was not significant different for orienting effect (0.653). It can be concluded that there was not significant effect on students’ concentration between control group (0.778) and experimental group (0.571). It means that aerobic cannot influence students’ concentration

Peran Teknologi Permainan Video Games Aktif untuk Mengurangi Gaya Hidup Sedenter Pada Anak

Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah pada hmapir semua negara dan tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Obesitas pada anak selain mengganggu proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak itu sendiri juga meningkatkan risiko obesitas pada masa dewasa yang akan menyebabkan berbagai macam masalah terkait metabolism (hipertensi, gangguan profillipid, dsb). Seringkali, teknologi dikambing hitamkan sebagai penyebab terjadinya gaya hidup sedenter. Namun disisi yang lain, penggunaan teknologi yang tepat dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bentuk terapi obesitas pada anak. Video games secara tradisional sangat berkaitan erat dengan gaya hidup sedenter. Namun belakangan, muncul permainan jenis baru yang disebut dengan exergaming atau video games aktif (VGA) yang merupakan latihan fisik dipadukan dengan permainan video games sehingga menyenangkan terutama bagi anak-anak. Keluaran energi pada saat melakukan permainan setara dengan melakukan olahraga intensitas ringan moderat. Selain itu, VGA juga dapat membentuk gerakan motorik dasar pada anak. Gerakan motorik dasar 9GMD) merupakan hal yang penting dikuasai oleh anak untuk melakukan aktifitas fisik yang lebih kompleks seperti berolahraga dan kegiatan rekreasi lainnya, sehingga anak dapat berpartisipasi secara aktif pada berbagai aktifitas fisik dan olahraga sepanjang hidupnya. Kompetisi GMD berhubungan dengan 4 kompetensi yaitu konsep diri, kompetensi fisik, daya tahan jantung paru (kebugaran aerobik), status gizi, fleksibilitas, aktivitas fisik dan mengurangi aktivitas sedenter. Penggunaan energy dan pembentukan GMD pada VGA yang melibatkan lebih banyak anggota badan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang hanya melibatkan anggota gerak atas atau bawah saja. Sebagai kesimpulan, permainan video games pada dasarnya tidak menggantikan permainan atau olahraga tradisional di lapangan, namun dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi gaya hidup sedenter di depan layar serta membentuk gerakan motorik dasar pada anak. Agar dapat bermanfaat maka perlu diperhatikan dosis latihan, jenis permainan dan jenis konsol yang digunakan

Fundamental Movement Skill Approach to CombatChildhood Obesity in Surabaya, Indonesia: Potential Effects of Video Games Based Exercises (Exergaming)

The study aims to observe the effect of moderate intensity exergaming on mastering of fundamental movement skill and reduction in body mass index (BMI) in overweight and obese children in Surabaya, Indonesia. The participants were 17 primary school students, aged 6-12 years. All participants had a BMI above percentile 85 (overweight and obese) and performed 12 sets of moderate intensity exergaming for four weeks, 3x/week, 30-40 minutes/session. The variables were fundamental movement skill, body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and prediction energy expenditure. They were taken 3 days prior first exercise (pre-test) and after last exercise (post-test) except for energy expenditure. Prediction of energy expenditure were taken in first and last of exergaming session. The result showed, there was improvement in component jumping of fundamental movement skill, but not in others component. There were also significant decline on body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage, but not in energy expenditure. The conclusion of this research is the regular moderate intensity exergaming for 4 weeks can help children to improve their fundamental movement skill and reduce BMI

Perbandingan Latihan Kontinu Intensitas Sedang dan Latihan Interval Intensitas Tinggi terhadap Kontrol Glukosa Darah

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be prevented by intensive physical exercise/training. Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) are known to improve glucose control in people with insulin resistance and T2DM. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of MICT and HIIT in healthy people on blood glucose levels, which was measured through fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Healthy men (n=27), aged (20.07 ± 0.62), BMI (23.94 ± 3.59) kg/m2 participated in either MICT, HIIT, or Control group (n=9 each group). Ergocycle exercise were performed 3 times/week for 4 weeks; MICT with a total duration of 46 minutes/session (moderate intensity 50-60% heart rate reserve [HRR]) for 40 minutes); HIIT with a total duration of 24 minutes/session (6 cycles; 2 mins high intensity 80-90% HRR + 1 min moderate intensity 50-60% HRR). Controls did not receive any programmed training. FBG and OGTT (120’ after glucose load) were checked 3 days before and after the exercise program. This study found that FBG decreased in all groups but only the MICT group showed a significant reduction (p=0.048). OGTT was found unaltered in all groups (p>0.05). MICT has the potential to improve blood glucose control in healthy young adult subjects. However, further research with exercise dose modification is required to elucidate the effects of HIIT. [MKB. 2016;48(4):194–9

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GLUTATHIONE PRA LATIHAN SUBMAKSIMAL TERHADAP JUMLAH TROMBOSIT DAN MASA PERDARAHAN : STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PADA HEWAN COBA

Submaximal activity leads to oxidative stress that causes cellular damage, including platelet. Glutathione as a potential antioxidant has cellular protective effect. The purpose of this research was to analize the effect of glutathione pre submaximal exercise on platelet count and bleeding time. The study used separate post test only control group design with 28 male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar strain) which were divided into four groups : P1(6) without intervention; P2(7), P3(8), and P4(7) with administration of placebo (aquabidest), glutathione 54 mg/kgBB, and glutathione 108 mg/kgBB intraperitoneally for each group that were given 5 times, continued with submaximal exercise (swimming with 4% of weight load). The result of ANOVA and LSD test showed that submaximal exercise had tendency to decrease platelet count (p=0,407; not significant) and prolonged bleeding time (p=0,017). Glutathione pre submaximal exercise had tendency to increase platelet count (p=0,407; not significant) and shortened bleeding time (p=0,017). Glutathione with a dose of 54 mg/kg had protective effect on platelet better than a dose of 108 mg/kg. In conclusion, the administration of glutathione pre submaximal exercise has protective effect on platelet in male rats (Rattus norvegicus).</p

PENGARUH OLAHRAGA AEROBIK TIPE CLOSED SKILL TERHADAP KONSENTRASI MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

Abstract This research was conducted to determine the effect of using aerobic of closed-skill type toward students’ concentration of Pediatric Department of Universitas Airlangga. This research was experimental design which randomized pre-test post-test control group with 36 students who seldom doing sport as samples. These students were divided into two groups; experimental group and control group. Experimental group did aerobic with closed technique type training which medium to high intensity around 75 minutes a week for 3 weeks. On the otherwise, control group did not do it. The research instruments were xbox with kinetic sensor and attention network test. The students’ concentration was measured three aspects such as alerting, orienting and conflict effect. This analysis technique was done by using statistical technique through SPSS. The result shown that there was no significant different between experimental group and control group by comparing average score of pre-test and post-test for alerting aspect (0.895), orienting (0.572), and conflict effect (0.019). Therefore, there was significant different from pre-test and post-test of control group for conflict effect (0.019) but there were not significant different for alerting (0.072) and orienting (0.735) and for experimental group, there was significant different in alerting (0.02) and conflict (0.001) but there was not significant different for orienting effect (0.653). It can be concluded that there was not significant effect on students’ concentration between control group (0.778) and experimental group (0.571). It means that aerobic cannot influence students’ concentration

Intermittent Physical Training Decreases Peak of Blood Glucose Level after Meals in Rats

Abstract: Some people prefer doing exercise following the intermittent model while others prefer the continuous one . However, it is still unclear which is the best one for blood glucose regulation. This study was carried out to determine the difference between the changes in blood glucose levels after doing physical exercise for the intermittent and the continuous model. The subject was male adult rats divided into 3 groups: control, continuous, and intermittent, 5 rats in each group. The rats swam in moderate intensity every day for 8 weeks. The results showed that the control group had the highest results of the peak (30 minutes) blood glucose levels after meals followed by the other 2 groups The results of the intermittent group had a significant peak in blood glucose levels 30 minutes after meals (p <0.05). Also the differences in blood glucose 30 minutes and 60 minutes after meals in the intermittent and continuous groups were significantly different than the control group (p <0 .05). During the 8 weeks of moderate physical exercise every day, it can be assumed that there was more insulin secretion to reduce peak blood glucose levels after meals. The lower blood glucose difference at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after meals of both the continuous and intermittent groups compared with the control group indicates that glucose uptake by cells is better in those groups . In conclusion, our data support the benefit of intermittent and continuous exercise training for the optimal regulation of blood glucose levels. The intermittent model also has more effect on the peak phase of blood glucose level after meals