Insecure attachment, emotion regulation strategies, and internalizing behavioral problems students with emotional and behavioral disorders

Internalisierende Verhaltensprobleme gelten als essentieller Risikofaktor für das soziale, emotionale und schulische Wohlbefinden. Insbesondere Schülerinnen und Schüler mit einem Bedarf an sonderpädagogischer Unterstützung im Förderschwerpunkt der emotionalen und sozialen Entwicklung (ESE) weisen häufiger internalisierende Verhaltensprobleme auf. Die Grundannahmen der Bindungstheorie sowie die theoretischen Modelle der Entwicklungspsychologie bieten Erklärungsansätze für die Entstehung und das Verfestigen von Verhaltensproblemen. Die vorliegende Querschnittuntersuchung überprüft mittels Pfadanalyse direkte und indirekte Effekte von unsicheren Bindungsrepräsentationen auf funktionale und dysfunktionale Emotionsregulationsstrategien sowie auf internalisierende Verhaltensprobleme. Es wurden 141 Schülerinnen und Schüler (Alter = 7–15 Jahre) aus Förderschulen mit dem Schwerpunkt ESE mittels Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogen zu den zwei unsicheren Bindungsdimensionen — bindungsbezogene Angst und bindungsbezogene Vermeidung — sowie zu funktionalen und dysfunktionalen Emotionsregulationsstrategien (internale und externale) befragt. Die internalisierenden Verhaltensprobleme der Schülerinnen und Schüler wurden aus Perspektive der Sorgeberechtigten erhoben und differenziert nach den drei Skalen ängstlich/depressive Symptome, körperliche Beschwerden sowie rückzüglich/depressive Symptome ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Pfadanalyse zeigen einen positiven Effekt von bindungsbezogener Angst und internal-dysfunktionaler Emotionsregulation auf körperliche Beschwerden. Des Weiteren deuten die Ergebnisse auf einen positiven Effekt von bindungsbezogener Vermeidung und internal-dysfunktionaler Emotionsregulation auf ängstlich/depressive Symptome hin. Zudem lassen sich verschiedene indirekte Effekte feststellen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen bindungsbezogener Angst und körperlichen Beschwerden wird durch internal-dysfunktionale sowie internal-funktionale Emotionsregulation mediiert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen bindungsbezogener Vermeidung und körperlichen Beschwerden wird durch internal-funktionale Emotionsregulation mediiert. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Relevanz von Bindungsdimensionen für Emotionsregulationsstrategien sowie internalisierende Verhaltensprobleme. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Limitationen und mögliche Implikationen für die zielgerichtete Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit von Schülerinnen und Schülern diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)Internalizing behavior problems are considered an essential risk factor for social-emotional and academic well-being. In particular, students with a need for special educational support in emotional and social development exhibit internalizing behavior problems. The basic assumptions of attachment theory as well as theoretically based models of developmental psychology offer explanations for the development and perpetuation of behavioral problems. The present cross-sectional study uses path analysis to examine direct and indirect effects of insecure attachment representations on functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies and internalizing behavior problems. In total 141 children (7–15 years) attending special needs school for students with emotional and behavioral difficulties filled out self-report questionnaires, which assessed insecure attachment dimensions—attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance—and functional and dysfunctional emotional regulation. Students internalizing behavior problems were assessed from the perspective of caregivers and differentiated according to three scales: anxious/depressive symptoms, physical complaints, and regressive/depressive symptoms. The results of the path analysis show a positive effect of attachment-related anxiety and internal-dysfunctional emotion regulation on physical complaints. Furthermore, results suggest a positive effect of attachment-related avoidance and internal-dysfunctional emotion regulation on anxious/depressive symptoms. Additionally, various indirect effects can be identified. The association between attachment-related anxiety and physical complaints is mediated by internal-dysfunctional as well as internal-functional emotion regulation. The association between attachment-related avoidance and physical complaints is mediated by internal-functional emotion regulation. The results indicate the relevance of attachment dimensions in special needs schools. Methodological limitations, as well as initial implications for prevention and intervention measures will be discussed. (DIPF/Orig.

Specific protein antigen delivery to human Langerhans cells in intact skin

Immune modulating therapies and vaccines are in high demand, not least to the recent global spread of SARS-CoV2. To achieve efficient activation of the immune system, professional antigen presenting cells have proven to be key coordinators of such responses. Especially targeted approaches, actively directing antigens to specialized dendritic cells, promise to be more effective and accompanied by reduced payload due to less off-target effects. Although antibody and glycan-based targeting of receptors on dendritic cells have been employed, these are often expensive and time-consuming to manufacture or lack sufficient specificity. Thus, we applied a small-molecule ligand that specifically binds Langerin, a hallmark receptor on Langerhans cells, conjugated to a model protein antigen. Via microneedle injection, this construct was intradermally administered into intact human skin explants, selectively loading Langerhans cells in the epidermis. The ligand-mediated cellular uptake outpaces protein degradation resulting in intact antigen delivery. Due to the pivotal role of Langerhans cells in induction of immune responses, this approach of antigen-targeting of tissue-resident immune cells offers a novel way to deliver highly effective vaccines with minimally invasive administration

A proactive blueprint to demonstrate on-farm animal welfare

Farm animal welfare has become an increasing area of consumer and customer interest globally and this has resulted in dramatic changes related to on-farm accountability. Some markets are demanding an-on farm, transparent and accountable animal welfare program. Knowing what key elements are required is critical. Key elements range from (a) caretaker qualities; (b) record keeping and standard operating procedures (SOP) (c) animal- and resource based measures (d) communication and (e) caretaker empowerment. The ultimate on-farm welfare program goal is to provide the highest animal care. This review paper will provide context to these key elements that in turn can be used to create or improve an-farm animal welfare program

A Remote Secondary Binding Pocket Promotes Heteromultivalent Targeting of DC-SIGN

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells coordinating the interplay of the innate and the adaptive immune response. The endocytic C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN and Langerin display expression profiles restricted to distinct DC subtypes and have emerged as prime targets for next-generation immunotherapies and anti-infectives. Using heteromultivalent liposomes copresenting mannosides bearing aromatic aglycones with natural glycan ligands, we serendipitously discovered striking cooperativity effects for DC-SIGN+ but not for Langerin+ cell lines. Mechanistic investigations combining NMR spectroscopy with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations led to the identification of a secondary binding pocket for the glycomimetics. This pocket, located remotely of DC-SIGN’s carbohydrate bindings site, can be leveraged by heteromultivalent avidity enhancement. We further present preliminary evidence that the aglycone allosterically activates glycan recognition and thereby contributes to DC-SIGN-specific cell targeting. Our findings have important implications for both translational and basic glycoscience, showcasing heteromultivalent targeting of DCs to improve specificity and supporting potential allosteric regulation of DC-SIGN and CLRs in general

Why, when and how to investigate primary ciliary dyskinesia in adult patients with bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis represents the final pathway of several infectious, genetic, immunologic or allergic disorders. Accurate and prompt identification of the underlying cause is a key recommendation of several international guidelines, in order to tailor treatment appropriately. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic cause of bronchiectasis in which failure of motile cilia leads to poor mucociliary clearance. Due to poor ciliary function in other organs, individuals can suffer from chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media and infertility. This paper explores the current literature describing why, when and how to investigate PCD in adult patients with bronchiectasis. We describe the main PCD diagnostic tests and compare the two international PCD diagnostic guidelines. The expensive multi-test diagnostic approach requiring a high level of expertise and specialist equipment, make the multifaceted PCD diagnostic pathway complex. Therefore, the risk of late or missed diagnosis is high and has clinical and research implications. Defining the number of patients with bronchiectasis due to PCD is complex. To date, few studies outlining the aetiology of adult patients with bronchiectasis conduct screening tests for PCD, but they do differ in their diagnostic approach. Comparison of these studies reveals an estimated PCD prevalence of 1-13% in adults with bronchiectasis and describe patients as younger than their counterparts with moderate impairment of lung function and higher rates of chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diagnosing PCD has clinical, socioeconomic and psychological implications, which affect patients' life, including the possibility to have a specific and multidisciplinary team approach in a PCD referral centre, as well as a genetic and fertility counselling and special legal aspects in some countries. To date no specific treatments for PCD have been approved, standardized diagnostic protocols for PCD and recent diagnostic guidelines will be helpful to accurately define a population on which planning RCT studies to evaluate efficacy, safety and accuracy of PCD specific treatments

The EMBARC European Bronchiectasis Registry:protocol for an international observational study

Bronchiectasis is one of the most neglected diseases in respiratory medicine. There are no approved therapies and few large-scale, representative epidemiological studies. The EMBARC (European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) registry is a prospective, pan-European observational study of patients with bronchiectasis. The inclusion criterion is a primary clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis consisting of: 1) a clinical history consistent with bronchiectasis; and 2) computed tomography demonstrating bronchiectasis. Core exclusion criteria are: 1) bronchiectasis due to known cystic fibrosis; 2) age <18 years; and 3) patients who are unable or unwilling to provide informed consent. The study aims to enrol 1000 patients by April 2016 across at least 20 European countries, and 10 000 patients by March 2020. Patients will undergo a comprehensive baseline assessment and will be followed up annually for up to 5 years with the goal of providing high-quality longitudinal data on outcomes, treatment patterns and quality of life. Data from the registry will be available in the form of annual reports. and will be disseminated in conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. The European Bronchiectasis Registry aims to make a major contribution to understanding the natural history of the disease, as well as guiding evidence-based decision making and facilitating large randomised controlled trials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Episode 49: Ramping up efforts to count students in the census: In the Know

Runtime: 7:58Students are one of the populations most likely to not respond to the census