Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Sitophilus Zeamais in Countries of the Sahelo-Sudanian Zone (Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea Conakry)

Maize is exploited substantially in the countries of the semi-arid zone of West Africa [5] where it plays essential economic and social functions. But these functions are seriously threatened by heavy losses, caused mainly by the corn weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) (Motschusky, 1855). This article aims to assess the genetic diversity of the insect in 5 countries in the semi-arid zone. This evaluation will highlight the country (ies) where the susceptibility of S. zeamais to survive or disappear is high, because the genetic diversity of a population is positively linked to its adaptive potential [12]. Exploitation of 60 sequences of the cytochrome b gene from insects from countries in the area (Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea Conakry) has led to the conclusion that genetic diversity is high in Senegal, Guinea Conakry but especially in Burkina Faso and Niger. These countries would therefore favor the adaptability of the insect. However, it is very low in Mali. Thus this country would be unfavorable to the survival of S. zeamais

Menace(s) du stéréotype et perception de soi (Comment modérer l'impact des réputations négatives sur les membres des groupes stéréotypés ? Le cas des femmes et des Noirs de France)

Cette thèse porte sur la menace du stéréotype (Steele & Aronson, 1995) qui correspond à la crainte qu un individu, appartenant à un groupe négativement stéréotypé, peut ressentir lorsqu il risque de confirmer, par sa performance ou son comportement, le stéréotype négatif associé à son groupe. Cette crainte, en retour, le mènerait involontairement à confirmer le stéréotype. Trois objectifs guident ce travail : (1) Nous proposons d examiner le rôle de la perception de soi (i.e., en tant qu individu unique ou en tant que membre du groupe) dans la modération (i.e., augmentation ou diminution) des effets négatifs de la menace du stéréotype sur les performances, l état émotionnel et la perception de la situation. (2) Nous suggérons de tenir compte de la distinction récente entre la menace du stéréotype dirigée vers soi (i.e., peur de confirmer le stéréotype pour soi-même) et la menace du stéréotype dirigée vers le groupe (i.e., peur d être un mauvais représentant de son groupe) et d en examiner les impacts sur la performance des individus concernés (Shapiro & Neuberg, 2007 ; Wout, Jackson, Spencer, & Danso, 2008). Ces deux premiers objectifs ont fait l objet de quatre études expérimentales portant sur les femmes et le stéréotype d incompétence en mathématiques (présentées dans la Partie 1). Les principaux résultats indiquent que la perception de soi en tant que membre du groupe (i.e., soi interdépendant) a des effets plus délétères sur la performance et l état émotionnel que la perception de soi en tant qu individu unique (i.e., soi indépendant). Enfin, (3) notre dernier objectif était d étendre les recherches sur la menace du stéréotype à un groupe stigmatisé encore non étudié dans le contexte français. Pour cela, nous avons choisi d examiner le groupe des Noirs de France avec quatre études (présentées dans la Partie 2). Les principaux résultats révèlent l existence de stéréotypes négatifs associés à ce groupe (e.g., incompétence intellectuelle) ainsi que leur impact non négligeable sur les membres de ce groupe (e.g., performances, comportements au quotidien).This thesis is about stereotype threat effect (Steele & Aronson, 1995), which is definedas the fear one feels when one risks confirming the negative stereotypes associated with one sgroup. This fear, in return, may lead one to involuntarily confirm the negative stereotypes byone s behavior or performance. Three goals have guided this thesis work: (1) we propose toexamine self-construal s moderator role (i.e., seing oneself as an individual or as a groupmember) on stereotype threat negative effects. (2) We suggest to take into account the recentdistinction between self stereotype-threat (i.e., the fear of confirming the negative stereotype foroneself) and group stereotype-threat (i.e., the fear of being a bad ambassador of one s group;Shapiro & Neuberg, 2007 ; Wout, Jackson, Spencer, & Danso, 2008) and to examine theireffects on performance. These two objectives were examined in four experiments amongwomen and the stereotype of mathematics incompetence (results are presented in the first partof this manuscript). Main results show that interdependent self-construal activation has moredetrimental effects on performance and emotional state (i.e., anxiety) than independent selfconstrualactivation. The third (3) goal of this thesis is to extend stereotype threat effectsresearch to a stigmatized group which wasn t studied yet in France. We chose Blacks of Franceand we run four studies among this group (results are presented in the second part of thismanuscript). Main results show that Blacks of France are associated with negative stereotypes(e.g., intellectual incompetence) which have negative effects among members of this group (e.g.,on performance, everyday behavior).PARIS5-Bibliotheque electronique (751069902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Gastronomicscape: Determinants of Gastronomic Tourism Experience and Loyalty

This study aims to examine the factors that contribute to the development of a favorable gastronomy tourism experience, by exploring the interrelationship among gastronomicscape dimensions (gastronomic quality, gastronomic image, social interaction, and price value), gastronomic attitude, gastronomic motivation, gastronomic satisfaction, and behavioral intention grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the research collected empirical data from tourists visiting gastronomy destination. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the combined and simultaneous impact of gastronomicscape dimensions on the perceived quality of gastronomy tourism experiences. The results demonstrated that the positive perception of gastronomicscape dimensions significantly and directly influences both gastronomic satisfaction and behavioral intention among tourists. The result revealed that measuring the perceived gastronomic attitude and motivation towards gastronomiscape experience of tourist strongly influence the formation of gastronomic satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, the study reveals that the investigation of gastronomy tourism experience necessitates a comprehensive examination of collective and intersecting factors that encompass behavioral motivation and satisfaction. Consequently, this research provides a valuable framework in understanding gastronomic motivation and offers practical implications for the industry players to provide strategic approach in satisfying gastronomy tourism experience

Local and landscape responses of biodiversity in calcareous grasslands

Across Europe, calcareous grasslands become increasingly fragmented and their quality deteriorates through abandonment and land use intensification, both affecting biodiversity. Here, we investigated local and landscape effects on diversity patterns of several taxonomic groups in a landscape of highly fragmented calcareous grassland remnants. We surveyed 31 grassland fragments near Göttingen, Germany, in spring and summer 2017 for vascular plants, butterflies and birds, with sampling effort adapted to fragment area. Through regression modelling, we tested relationships between species richness and fragment size (from 314 to 51,395 m2), successional stage, habitat connectivity and the per cent cover of arable land in the landscape at several radii. We detected 283 plant species, 53 butterfly species and 70 bird species. Of these, 59 plant species, 19 butterfly species and 9 bird species were grassland specialists. Larger fragments supported twice the species richness of plants than small ones, and hosted more species of butterflies, but not of birds. Larger grassland fragments contained more grassland specialist plants, but not butterfly or bird specialists. Increasing amounts of arable land in the landscape from 20 to 90% was related to the loss of a third of species of plants, and less so, of butterflies, but not of birds. Per cent cover of arable land negatively correlated to richness of grassland specialist plants and butterflies, but positively to grassland specialist birds. We found no effect by successional stages and habitat connectivity. Our multi-taxa approach highlights the need for conservation management at the local scale, complemented by measures at the landscape scale.</p

Study of variations in the broncho-arterial pedicles of the upper right lung lobe

Bronchial distribution and functional arterial vascularization of the upper lobe of the right lung are subject to many anatomical variations. The control of&nbsp; these variations is essential for endoscopic and agiographic examinations. It also offers a better guarantee for safe and controlled surgery. In this&nbsp; preliminary work, the exploitation of 15 heart-lung blocks treated by the injection corrosion method allowed us to study the general arrangement of the&nbsp; broncho-arteries of the right upper lung lobe and their anatomical variations in the Senegalese population. Our results were as follows: the right upper&nbsp; lobar bronchus was born on average at 1.25 cm from the tracheal bifurcation, with an average length of 1.13 cm. It ended with trifurcation into apical&nbsp; (B1), dorsal (B2) and ventral (B3) segmental bronchi in 10 cases (66.66%); in 3 cases (20%), it ended with bifurcation into the dorsal segmental bronchus&nbsp; and the apico-ventral trunk (B1+B3) (1 case), the apico-dorsal trunk (B1+B2) and the ventral segmental bronchus (B3), finally, in ventral and dorsal&nbsp; segmentary bronchi giving each one an apical branch (1 case); in a last case, it ended by quadrifurcation, giving an external parabronche. The right upper&nbsp; lobe was vascularized by 1 to 4 arteries, with eight modes of vascularization. It received more frequently two arteries. The anterior mediastinal&nbsp; artery was the most common (100%). These results allowed us to discuss anatomical variations in the bronchial tree of the right upper lung lobe and the&nbsp; pulmonary arterial distribution in that lobe. These variations must be taken into account during endoscopic examinations of imaging and surgery of&nbsp; pulmonary excision, under penalty of accidents.&nbsp