RANTAI PENJELAS KONFLIK-KONFLIK AGRARIA YANG KRONIS, SISTEMIK, DAN MELUAS DI INDONESIA

Abstract: The article offers an framework to identify causes, effects, perpetuating conditions, and structural roots of agrarianconflicts. Systemic agrarian conflicts were defined as everlasting contradictory claims on who had the rights over access to lands,natural resources, and territories between rural community and concession holders in the business of plantation, forestry,mining, infrastructure, etc. The conflicting claims are perpetuated by significant efforts to delegitimize the existence of others’claims. Being different from various mainstream analysis promoting global market as opportunity, I prefer to use what Ellen M.Wood notion of “market-as-imperative”. Using the illustration of the expansion of oil palm plantation in Indonesia, the articleshows the consequence of global capitalist markets to the emergence of the agrarian conflicts.Keywords: agrarian conflicts, market, agrarian capitalism

Munculnya Tingkah Laku Baru Para Pengguna Internet pada Masyarakat Desa Broadband

This research aims to describe a villager's behavior as a new internet user in a broadband village. Qualitative methods with ethnographic approaches were used, and the data was obtained based on the experience of living in Broadband Village for two months. This research was conducted in Mandalamemar Village, certified as Broadband Village by the Ministry of Communication and Information. Results have shown that internet emerging villagers new behavior from the individual, group and community levels. The new behavior consists such as; the emergence of awareness to find out new things from the internet, a new needs of tertiary things, internet addiction, a new way of online communication between groups, the rise of more people creating new groups and lastly, the public concern due to hoaxes spread through the internet

Modeling on Establishment of Sustainable Paddy Field Zone in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia

The background of this study is paddy fields conversion that continues to occur along the northern coast of Java that threatens national food security. Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection Program (LP2B) are unable to control paddy field conversion. This research was conducted to establishment a sustainable paddy field zone model using logistic regression and multicriteria evaluation. The research location is in Bekasi Regency, one of West Java's rice production centers which is Jakarta buffer area with a high level of paddy field conversion. The model builds upon the characteristics of local paddy field conversion by considering the concept of sustainable development. Important variables that support the paddy field conversions are the distance to settlements, housings, roads, regency/city capitals and industrial estates. Results of logistic regression then become the input for weighted criteria to develop three policy scenarios of paddy fields protection; standard, protective and permissive in order to support regional development. This model will obtain protected paddy field priorities as well as a buffer for other paddy fields in surrounding area. Keywords: logistic regression, multicriteria evaluation, sustainable paddy fields zon

Psikoetnografi sebagai metode asesmen psikologi komunitas

Meskipun ilmu tentang asesmen sebagai pengukuran berkembang pesat di bidang psikologi, namun asesmen psikologi di arena alamiah (natural setting) masih belum banyak dibahas, dibandingkan dengan pembahasan tentang asesmen dan pengukuran psikologi di setting khusus seperti di ruang klinik dan industriDiperlukan suatu metode asesmen yang menjadikan komunitas bukan hanya sebagai tempat munculnya perilaku, melainkan sebagai modalitas yang menjadi bagian dari perilaku. Memanfaatkan keilmuan psikologi komunitas, dan etnografi, studi ini mengeksplorasi potensi etnografi sebagai instrumen untuk asesmen psikologi di setting alamiah. Kami memberikan contoh riset yang kami lakukan untuk menggambarkan pendekatan psikoetnografi. Riset tindakan dipilih sebagai pendekatan, dengan memanfaatkan mata kuliah etnografi yang diselenggarakan di program pasca sarjana psikologi. Tiga dosen dan lima mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah tersebut adalah tim peneliti, tiga lokasi dipilih, dan para mahasiswa belajar metode dan contoh-contoh etnografi di kelas, lalu mempraktekkan etnografi. Data yang dihasilkan berupa catatan etnografi, logbook kegiatan lapangan, dan laporan dalam format makalah, selanjutnya diperlakukan sebagai data asesmen yang akan diinterpretasikan aspek psikologisnya. Interpretasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan kemampuan etnografi untuk menghasilkan data psikologis yang dibutuhkan untuk asesmen psikologi. Dengan demikian, psikoetnografi dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alat kerja psikolog untuk melakukan asesmen psikologi pada sekelompok individu di  setting komunitas sebagai lingkungan naturalnya

Meninjau Kembali Teorisasi Mengenal Desentralisasi, Community Driven Delevopment, dan Kapitalisasi Agraria

Abstract: The article shows a theoretical debate on the consequence of decentralization policy and Community Driven Development (CDD) especially in relation to the way capitalism develop. The decentralization policy reshapes local government bureaucracy more responsive and accountable toward people’s needs, and the CDD facilitate rural and urban communities to manage collectively efforts to eradicating their poverty condition. Both are promoted by neo-institutionalist thinking in the World Bank and Civil Society within the same interlocking direction. Furthermore, I explicate critiques toward theory and practice of decentralization policy and CDD, launched by Vedi Hadiz, Toby Carroll, Tania Li, and Frederich Rawski. I connect those with the theorization of the ways capitalism develop as articulated by Paul Cammack, Michael Perelman, Massimo de Angelis and David Harvey. I argue that the presence of space of struggle, contestation and negotiation open the possibility for multiple forces to participate, or refuse to participate, to reshape the practice of decentralization and CDD, and furthermore the forces dialectically are reshaped because of their struggle, contestation and negotiation. Intisari: Artikel ini mengemukakan debat teori dari konsekuensi kebijakan desentralasi dan Pembangunan Berbasis Masyarakat (CDD) terutama dalam hubungannya dengan bagaimana kapitalisme berkembang. Kebijakan desentralisasi telah membentuk pemerintah lokal menjadi lebih responsif dan akuntabel terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat, dan CDD telah memfasilitasi komunitas perkotaan maupun perdesaan untuk secara kolektif berusaha mengatasi kondisi kemiskinannya. Selanjutnya, penulis mengutarakan kritik terhadap teori dan praktik kebijakan desentralisasi dan CDD, yang dikemukakan oleh Vedi Hadiz, Toby Carroll, Tania Li dan Frederich Rawski. Penulis juga menghubungkan teori tersebut dengan teorisasi tentang bagaimana kapitalisme berkembang seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Paul Cammack, Michael Perelman, Massimo de Angelis dan David Harvey. Penulis berpendapat bahwa keberadaan ruang pertarungan, kontestasi dan negosiasi membuka kemungkinan untuk berbagai kekuatan untuk berpartisipasi, atau menolak untuk berpartisipasi, untuk membentuk kembali praktik desentralisasi dan CDD, dan selanjutnya kekuatan dialektika dibentuk kembali karena usaha, kontestasi dan negosiasi mereka

MEMAHAMI REORGANISASI RUANG MELALUI PERSPEKTIF POLITIK AGRARIA

Abstract: The article bases on agrarian politic perspective to show the significance to consider the changing forces of “spatial reorganization” to expand capitalists mode of production for producing global commodities. Urbanized Indonesians are accustomed to fill their needs through market transaction. They take for granted that the transaction is natural. Moreover, for those who have interest to get profit, the transaction is the normalized mechanism. Different from the general view which assuming that the market mechanism is treated as opportunity, the article considers a market as an imperative force. Referring to Wood (1994, 2002) which promote market-as-imperative approach, the paper shows various mechanisms of deploying violence, including to change property relations in terms of land, natural resource, and territory. Keywords: spatial reorganization, capitalist production, market as imperative Abstrak: Naskah ini mempergunakan perspektif politik agraria ini untuk menunjukkan pentingnya kita mempertimbangkan perubahan dari waktu kewaktu kekuatan-kekuatan pembentuk “reorganisasi ruang” untuk perluasan cara/ system produksi kapitalis yang menghasilkan komoditas-komoditas global. Banyak orang kota Indonesia sudah terbiasa dan dibiasakan memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya melalui transaksi jual beli. Semua cenderung menganggap transaksi jual-beli itu adalah alamiah. Lebih dari itu, untuk berhasil memenuhi kepentingan memperoleh pendapatan atau keuntungan, cara jual beli merupakan sesuatu yang sudah lazim ditempuh. Berbeda dengan pandangan umum bahwa pasar sebagai penyedia kesempatan, naskah ini menganggap pasar sebagai kekuatan yang memaksa. Merujuk pada karya Wood (1994, 2002) yang promosikan pendekatan market-as-imperative (pasarsebagai- paksaan), naskah ini menunjukkan berbagai mekanisme operasi-operasi paksa reorganisasi ruang tersebut, termasuk mekanisme pemutusan hubungan kepemilikan rakyat terhadap tanah, sumberdaya alam dan wilayahnya. Kata Kunci: reorganisasi ruang, produksi kapitalis, pasar sebagai pemaks

Petani & pengusaha : dinamika perjalanan politik agraria Indonesia

xiv, 316 hlm.; 21 cm

The Resurgence of Land Reform Policy and Agrarian Movements in Indonesia

On January 31, 2007, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono announced a new land redistribution program that was part of the implementation of a land reform policy called Reforma Agraria. The program was to be launched in conjunction with a land registration program as part of a government strategy to eradicate poverty. The launch of the program was a watershed event that had been engineered by the head of the National Land Agency (NLA) in collaboration with agrarian movement activists who had struggled for years for agrarian social justice.The resurgence of land reform policy was fostered through a unique partnership of activists, scholars, and reformist government officials. This new political space for manuever was made possible in 1998 by the end of Suharto's "New Order" which had previously harnessed the bureaucracy, police, and military to control the rural masses through various mechanisms of coercion and consent, while constructing the apparatus for centralizing management and reaping profits from the nation's land and forest resources. The new land redistribution program called the National Agrarian Reform Program (NARP) focused on the redistribution of state lands for the rural poor claiming 8.15 million hectares of state forest land under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Forestry and another 1.1 million hectares from other state lands under National Land Agency (NLA) authority, and 7.3 million hectares of other "idle lands" under their jurisdiction to be redistributed. When the ambitious program met with considerable political challenge, the NLA quickly reframed the reform as a government sponsored land title legalization, a program that not only better fit with the interests of the existing neoliberal economic growth model, but also allowed the NLA to tout its land title legalization programs as a major contribution to the success of President Yudhoyono's government. This reframing ruptured the NLA's working relationship with agrarian activists, unveiling the processes by which land reform policy in Indonesia is made and unmade. This dissertation examines how land policy processes and agrarian movements in Java, Indonesia, have been mutually constituted through continuous (and ongoing) processes of movement success and movement setback. My research traces how the actors and forces are produced, and how the trajectories and conjunctures at which they meet, enable or constrain them to becoming influential. I explore state-society interactions pertaining to land reform, articulating the multiple and interconnected sites of struggle, and showing how they contribute to the empowering or disempowering of the existing politics governing land access. The purpose is to understand, as Stuart Hall formulates it, "how they work, what their limits and possibilities are, what they can and cannot accomplish." (Hall 2007:280).Focusing on the conflict over land occupation events in West Java, this dissertation shows how the movements' objectives over time have both conflicted, competed, and come together with the politics and practices of the National Land Agency (NLA) of the Indonesian government, and the State Forestry Corporation (SFC), at multiple sites of land policy making processes. This dissertation concludes that the tension, interaction, and convergence of these objectives have rendered unfinished the projects of both reform and anti-reform