Une cause rare et méconnue de douleur abdominale: l’appendagite épiploïque: à propos d’un cas

Les appendagites épiploïques primitives sont des causes rares d’abdomen aigu. Elles sont souvent prises pour une appendicite aiguë ou une sigmoïdite diverticulaire et le diagnostic est posé au cours d’une intervention chirurgicale. Nous rapportons un cas où la tomodensitométrie a permis de poser le diagnostic et nous insisterons sur l’aspect imagerie qui permet de sursoir ainsi à une chirurgie inutile

Syndrome de Sturge Weber Krabbe: entité exceptionnelle (à propos d'un cas)

Nous rapportons le cas d'un syndrome de Sturge Weber diagnostiqué au sein du Service de Radiologie de CHU Hassan II de Fès. A partir de cette observation, nous montrons les aspects cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques ainsi qu'évolutifs de cette entité neuro radiologique exceptionnelle

Rupture spontanée de la rate chez un enfant

Les ruptures non traumatiques ou spontanées de la rate (RNTR) sont des entités rares mais potentiellement mortelles. La mortalité de cette affection est essentiellement liée au retard diagnostique et thérapeutique, ainsi qu'aux risques liés au terrain et à la gravité de la pathologie sous-jacente. Elles nécessitent dans la majorité des cas une splénectomie. Elles peuvent survenir soit sur une rate macroscopiquement saine, par exemple au cours d'une mononucléose infectieuse (MNI) ou d'un accès palustre ou sur une rate pathologique par exemple tumorale mai aussi dans certaines coagulopathies. Dans notre cas il s'agit d'un enfant de 6 ans suivi pour une coagulopathie admis pour douleurs abdominales diffuses brutales, une pâleur cutanéo-muqueuse avec un état hémodynamique stable. Le bilan biologique a révèle une anémie normochrome macrocytaire; le diagnostic de confirmation de la rupture était réalisé par l'échographie et le scanner abdominal. Vu la stabilité de l'état hémodynamique, la décision d'un traitement conservateur a été prise avec transfusions de 2 culots globulaires. L'évolution était favorable

Using C. elegans to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders

Prova tipográfica (uncorrected proof)Neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) occur in over 2 % of the population, as the result of genetic mutations, environmental factors, or combination of both. In the last years, use of large-scale genomic techniques allowed important advances in the identification of genes/loci associated with these disorders. Nevertheless, following association of novel genes with a given disease, interpretation of findings is often difficult due to lack of information on gene function and effect of a given mutation in the corresponding protein. This brings the need to validate genetic associations from a functional perspective in model systems in a relatively fast but effective manner. In this context, the small nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, presents a good compromise between the simplicity of cell models and the complexity of rodent nervous systems. In this article, we review the features that make C. elegans a good model for the study of neurodevelopmental diseases. We discuss its nervous system architecture and function as well as the molecular basis of behaviors that seem important in the context of different neurodevelopmental disorders. We review methodologies used to assess memory, learning, and social behavior as well as susceptibility to seizures in this organism. We will also discuss technological progresses applied in C. elegans neurobiology research, such as use of microfluidics and optogenetic tools. Finally, we will present some interesting examples of the functional analysis of genes associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders and how we can move from genes to therapies using this simple model organism.The authors would like to acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (PTDC/SAU-GMG/112577/2009). AJR and CB are recipients of FCT fellowships: SFRH/BPD/33611/2009 and SFRH/BPD/74452/2010, respectively

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Spontaneous pneumothorax associated with COVID-19

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is due to Spontaneous rupture of a subpleural bulla [1], this complication occured in 1% of COVID-19 patients [2]. We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with an isolated spontaneous pneumothorax without barotrauma.</p

Ovarian adenocarcinoma metastasis mimicking psoas abscess on imaging: a case report

Malignant psoas syndrome (MPS) is very rare with poor prognosis, and usually occurs in patients with advanced and recurrent cancer. Authors report herein the case of a 48-year-old female with history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been performed before hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and ovariectomy for ovarian adenocarcinoma. She presented 18 months posttreatment with MPS due to a psoas abscess mimicking metastasis confirmed on computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology

Fatal spontaneous pneumomediastinum complicating SARS-COV2 pneumonia in a pregnant women

Pneumomediastinum was reported as a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia in the general population. Data concerning the association of this complication with pregnancy are rare. We report a case of a parturient who presented with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia complicated with pneumomediastinum. The management of Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and obstetric approach are also discussed

Une localisation rare du lipome au niveau parotidien: à propos d'un cas

La localisation des lipomes au niveau parotidien est très rare. Nous rapportons un nouveau cas avec une revue de littérature concernant un patient de 55 ans, qui a consulté pour une masse au niveau de la région parotidienne évoluant depuis quatre ans, à la palpation on a trouvé une formation de consistance molle, mobile et indolore, le patient a bénéficié par la suite d'une imagerie (échographie et IRM), d'où le diagnostic final d'un lipome parotidien a été retenu, le traitement était conservateur sur le choix du patient