Saint-Dizier – École Pasteur

L’opération de fouille archéologique menée au nord de Saint-Dizier, à l’emplacement de l’ancienne école Pasteur, a couvert une superficie de 2 000 m2. Elle a été suivie d’une seconde phase de diagnostic archéologique réalisée entre les sondages effectués au préalable en 2013 (Guicheteau, Inrap). Cette opération a permis de mettre au jour des indices d’occupation de l’étape moyenne du Bronze final (phase IIb-IIIa), de la transition âge du Bronze/âge du Fer et également du haut Moyen Âge. L’act..

Knowledge, attitudes and acceptability to provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling: patients’ perspectives in Moshi and Rombo Districts, Tanzania

Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) is referred to as routine testing in a clinical setting as part of a standard programme of medical services. PITC is initiated in order to avoid missed opportunities for people to get tested for HIV. While advocated as a strategy, there is dearth of information on patients’ views on PITC in a number of districts in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and acceptability to PITC services among patients attending health care facilities in rural and urban settings in Kilimanjaro region A total of 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 99 (73 female and 26 male) patients enrolled into out-patient clinics in 8 (2 hospitals and 6 primary care centers) health facilities in Moshi Urban and Rombo districts in northern Tanzania. The study explored on knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of PITC, perceived benefits and barriers of PITC, and ethical issues related to PITC. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using Non-numerical Unstructured Data Indexing and Theorizing (NUDIST) software.  Knowledge about PITC services was generally low. Compared to men, women had a more positive attitude towards PITC services, because of its ability to identify and treat undiagnosed HIV cases. HIV stigma was regarded as a major barrier to patients’ uptake of PITC. Institutional factors such as lack of supplies and human resources were identified as barriers to successful provision of PITC. In conclusion, the findings highlight both opportunities and potential barriers in the successful uptake of PITC, and underscore the importance of informed consent, counseling and confidentiality and the need for specific strategies on advocacy for the service

Adjustable Algorithmic Tool for Assessing the Effectiveness of Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccination on Infant Mortality in Developing Countries

Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) due to RSV is a common cause of global infant mortality, with most cases occurring in developing countries. Using data aggregated from priority countries as designated by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Maternal Child Health and Nutrition (MCHN) program, we created an adjustable algorithmic tool for visualizing the effectiveness of candidate maternal RSV vaccination on infant mortality. Country-specific estimates for disease burden and case fatality rates were computed based on established data. Country-specific RSV-ALRI incidence rates for infants 0-5 months were scaled based on the reported incidence rates for children 0-59 months. Using in-hospital mortality rates and predetermined “inflation factor,” we estimated the mortality of infants aged 0-5 months. Given implementation of a candidate maternal vaccination program, estimated reduction in infant RSV-ALRI incidence and mortality rates were calculated. User input is used to determine the coverage of the program and the efficacy of the vaccine. Using the generated algorithm, the overall reduction in infant mortality varied considerably depending on vaccine efficacy and distribution. Given a potential efficacy of 70% and a maternal distribution rate of 50% in every USAID MCHN priority country, annual RSV-ALRI-related infant mortality is estimated to be reduced by 14,862 cases. The absolute country-specific reduction is dependent on the number of live births; countries with the highest birth rates had the greatest impact on annual mortality reduction. The adjustable algorithm provides a standardized analytical tool in the evaluation of candidate maternal RSV vaccines. Ultimately, it can be used to guide public health initiatives, research funding, and policy implementation concerning the effectiveness of potential maternal RSV vaccination on reducing infant mortality

Bullying in Graduate School: Its Nature and Effects

Does bullying exist in graduate school? If so, what does it look like? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 graduate students from various departments at a medium-sized, Midwestern U.S. university. Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser, 1978) was utilized to gain insight into the terms and behaviors students used to define bullying in the graduate school context. Through constant comparative analysis (Stern, 1980), categories emerged that provided an understanding of the different perspectives inherent in a bully system, and the meanings attached to bullying behaviors. These findings can provide administrators and counselors with the information necessary to conduct preventative training to help students interact in a more professional, inclusive manner

Does Training on Performance Based Financing Make a Difference in Performance and Quality of Health Care Delivery? Health Care Provider's Perspective in Rungwe Tanzania.

In recent years, Performance Based Financing (PBF); a form of result based financing, has attracted a global attention in health systems in developing countries. PBF promotes autonomous health facilities, motivates and introduces financial incentives to motivate health facilities and health workers to attain pre-determined targets. To achieve this, the Tanzanian government through the Christian Social Services Commission initiated a PBF pilot project in Rungwe district, Mbeya region. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center was given the role of training health workers on PBF principles in Rungwe. The aim of this study was to explore health care providers' perception on a three years training on PBF principles in a PBF pilot project at Rungwe District in Mbeya, Tanzania. This was an explorative qualitative study, which took place at Rungwe PBF pilot area in October 2012. Twenty six (26) participants were purposively selected. Six took part in- depth interviews (IDIs) and twenty (20) in the group discussions. Both the IDIs and the GDs explored the perceived benefit and challenges of implementing PBF in their workplace. Data were manually analyzed using content analysis approach. Overall informants had positive perspectives on PBF training. Most of the health facilities were able to implement some of the PBF concepts in their work places after the training, such as developing job descriptions for their staff, creating quarterly business plans for their facilities, costing for their services and entering service agreement with the government, improved record keeping, customer care and involving community as partners in running their facilities. The most common principle of paying individual performance bonuses was mentioned as a major challenge due to inadequate funding and poor design of Rungwe PBF pilot project. Despite poor design and inadequate funding, our findings have shown some promising results after PBF training in the study area. The findings have highlighted the potential of PBF to act as leverage for initiating innovative and proactive actions, which may motivate health personnel performance and quality of care in the study setting with minimal support. However, key policy issues at the national level should be addressed in order to exploit this opportunity

Apoptosis is not the major death mechanism induced by celecoxib on rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

Synovial hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with apoptosis deficiency of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in some cellular systems. We have therefore examined the dose- and time-dependent effects of celecoxib on RA FLS viability. Treatment of RA FLSs with celecoxib for 24 hours reduced their viability in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of celecoxib-treated RA FLSs for their content of apoptotic and necrotic cells by Annexin V staining and TO-PRO-3 uptake displayed only few apoptotic cells. Caspase 3, a key mediator of apoptosis, was not activated in celecoxib-treated RA FLSs, and the presence of specific caspase 3 or pan-caspase inhibitors did not affect celecoxib-induced cell death. Moreover, we could not detect other signs of apoptosis, such as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase 8 or 9, or DNA fragmentation. We therefore conclude that apoptosis is not the major death pathway in celecoxib-treated RA FLSs

La résilience chez les jeunes hébergés en milieu substitut

L’objectif général de cette recherche qualitative est de mettre en lumière les facteurs de protection, mais aussi les facteurs de vulnérabilité, présents chez des adolescents hébergés en milieu substitut, considérés comme étant résilients. Douze jeunes (six garçons et six filles) âgés de 14 à 17 ans et placés pour des problèmes de comportement ont participé à cette étude. Ces jeunes, placés depuis en moyenne 5,6 ans, ont été identifiés comme étant résilients (à partir d’une grille soumise aux intervenants et d’une discussion clinique). Deux entrevues ont été menées avec chaque jeune. Les résultats mettent en évidence les facteurs de protection environnementaux (présence de liens significatifs avec des adultes, notamment des intervenants, services de qualité et sources de valorisation) et individuels (confiance en soi, perception de contrôle, stratégies d’adaptation) qui ont favorisé la résilience de ces jeunes.The main goal of this qualitative research is to shed light on the protection and vulnerability factors in teenagers who are living in foster care and considered to be resilient. Twelve young people (6 boys and 6 girls), who were from 14 to 17 years old and who had been placed in homes because of behavioural problems, participated in this study. These young people, who had been in placements for an average of 5.6 years, were identified as being resilient based on a grid filled out by practitioners and on a clinical discussion. Two interviews were held with each teenager. The results point to environmental protection factors (significant relationships with adults, particularly practitioners, quality services, and sources of approval) as well as individual factors (will to succeed in life, perception of control, adaptation strategies) that fostered these young people’s resilience

Georgia Library Association - Technical Services Interest Group

Published in Georgia Library Quarterl

Career progression of black managers

This research programme examined the factors that affect the career progression of Black managers in the United Kingdom. The research comprised two distinct but related studies. The first study was a qualitative investigation of the factors affecting the career progression of Black managers (n = 64). The main finding from the first study was that for some the achievement of high salaries and senior positions may be at the expense of one's positive Black racial identity attitudes and wellbeing. The second study was a quantitative examination of aspects revealed as important correlates of career success in study 1. Two hundred and sixty-one respondents (97 Black and 163 White respondents) across all major industry sectors participated. The results of the second study confirmed that Black managers were more disadvantaged than their White peers. The proposition that for some Black managers a 'sell out' effect occurs was supported.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Blacks in Massachusetts: Comparative Demographic, Social and Economic Experiences with Whites, Latinos, and Asians

This report describes the social and economic, and education status of Blacks in Massachusetts, within a comparative framework with Whites, Asians, and Latino/as. A range of population, household, and economic variables are highlighted under the following categories: Population Characteristics; Families and Households; Education and Schooling; Housing; Health Characteristics; Labor Force, Occupations and Employment; and Income and Poverty. The information presented in this report is based on data from the 2010 Decennial Census; the American Community Survey 2009 – 2013 5 Year Estimates; the American Community Survey 2009-2013 5-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) as well as PUMS for the single year 2013; and the Current Population Survey’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement (2015), and other CPS reports