50 research outputs found
Taboos and social contracts: Tools for ecosystem management â lessons from the Manambolomaty Lakes RAMSAR site, western Madagascar
Traditional taboos and social contracts played an important
role in managing the Manambolomaty RAMSAR site. Taboos
are defined as a prohibition imposed by social custom as a
protective measureâ and social contracts are â in conservation
sense â a common agreement for achieving conservation,
sustainable development and development of resources
objectives. The Manambolomaty Lakes RAMSAR site, District of
Antsalova in western Madagascar, is composed of four lakes
(Soamalipo, Befotaka, Ankerika and Antsamaka) surrounded
by the Tsimembo deciduous forest. The first three lakes with
forest surrounding encompass 14,701 ha and are being managed
by two local Associations: FIZAMI (FIkambanana Zanatany
Andranobe MIray) and FIFAMA (FIkambanana FAmpandrosoana
Mamokatra Ankerika). The associations have used traditional
taboos and social conventions to manage their local natural
resources by incorporating a GELOSE (GEstion Locale SEcurisée)
management system to conserve biological diversity, maintain
resource sustainability and socio - economic viability. This site
has the highest concentration of the endemic and critically
endangered Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides),
representing 10 % of the global population, and many other
species of different faunal groups are also in good conservation
status such as Deckenâs sifaka (Propithecus deckeni) and
Western lesser bamboo lemurs (Hapalemur occidentalis) and
Madagascar flying fox (Pteropus rufus). Culturally, the site is
known as a unique source of the endemic tree Hazomalania
voyroni (Hernandiaceae), which is used by the Sakalava people
for constructing coffins, and being buried in a coffin made
of this wood is a great honour for the Sakalava people. From
Manambolomatyâs Lakes fish yields, estimated at 60 - 100 tons
per fishing season, FIZAMI and FIFAMA are one of the few
Malagasy Associations with active bank accounts supported
by management of their natural resources and associated
activities. Their fisheries management system has increased
the annual local revenue estimated at more than $ 1,562
US / fisherman per season. The tax of fish sales to wholesale
fish buyers forms 56 % of the two local Communeâs budgets. This has made the Community - Based Wetlands Conservation at the Manambolomaty Lakes site well known in the conservation circles within Madagascar and has been modelled vy other organizations and associations. Consequently, the Manambolomaty Lakes site is in the process of being added into the System of Protected Areas of Madagascar (SAPM) (Figure 1)
Community-Based Wetland Conservation Protects Endangered Species in Madagascar: Lessons from Science and Conservation
Survival               of the Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is threatened by habitat loss. Of a population estimated at 100-120 breeding pairs, 10 pairs breed on three adjacent lakes in western Madagascar. Fishing on the lakes is the main livelihood of local Sakalava people. From 1991 through 1995 we documented a massive             influx of migrant fishermen who abused local traditional resource extraction rules and threatened the livelihood of local inhabitants, as well as the survival of one of the worldâs most endangered eagles. Migrantsâ economic incentive was strong. In 1995 per capita income from fishing was about USD1500 for the six-month season, about 7.5 times the national annual average. Fish stocks were rapidly diminished through the fishing season as catches diminished to the point where fishermen gave  up fishing before the end of the season. Fish stocks were lowest when Madagascar fish eagle nestlings fledged, affecting annual productivity. The most serious impact of fishermen may be on the lake-side forest, which was used as a source of dugout canoes and wood to fuel fishdrying fires. To conserve this important breeding site we worked with the local community to enhance and enforce traditional resource utilization rules that helped   prevent               loss of fish eagle breeding habitat, reduce nest site disturbance, and sustain prey availability. We used a 1996 law to empower communities to control natural resource use by creating two community associations with authority to enforce local rules. We helped the associations become              effective through training, advice, logistical, and scientific support
Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe- Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa
Site-based conservation is widely recognized as a fundamental requirement for the maintenance of biodiversity. We carried out a rapid biological assessment from 17 March to 14 May 2011 in the southwestern part of the provisionally protected rainforest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas (COMATSA), northern Madagascar, to assess its biodiversity richness and species conservation status. We recorded 248 endemic vertebrate species, including 80 amphibians, 52 reptiles, 79 birds, 27 small mammals and 10 lemurs. Of these 248 species, 36 are threatened including one Critically Endangered (one lemur), nine Endangered (two amphibians, four reptiles and three lemurs) and 26 Vulnerable (10 amphibians, six reptiles, four birds, one small mammal and five lemurs). For herpetofauna species, the pair COMATSAc âcMarojejy was the only site that had a similarity value greater than 0.50. For birds and lemurs, values of similarity in three pairs of sites COMATSAc âc Marojejy, COMATSA c âc Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejyc âc Anjanaharibe-Sud exceeded those of herpetofauna in COMATSAc âc Marojejy. The inclusion of the COMATSA into the new protected area network in Madagascar is supported by our findings. Il est dorĂ©navant largement reconnu que pour maintenir la biodiversitĂ©, il est fondamental de rĂ©aliser la conservation de la nature au niveau des sites. Un inventaire biologique rapide a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© du 17 mars au 14 mai 2011 dans la partie sud-ouest du couloir forestier reliant les parcs et rĂ©serves du Marojejy, dâAnjanaharibe- Sud et du Tsaratanana (COMATSA). Lâinventaire de ce couloir qui bĂ©nĂ©ficie dâun statut de protection temporaire dans la partie septentrionale de Madagascar, Ă©tait destinĂ© Ă Ă©valuer la richesse de sa biodiversitĂ© et le statut de conservation des espĂšces de vertĂ©brĂ©s quâil hĂ©berge. Les rĂ©sultats ont  montrĂ© que parmi les 248 espĂšces endĂ©miques de vertĂ©brĂ©s recensĂ©es, 80 sont des amphibiens, 52 des reptiles, 79 des oiseaux, 27 des petits mammifĂšres mammifĂšres et 10 des lĂ©muriens. Sur ces 248 espĂšces, 36 sont menacĂ©es, dont une espĂšce qui est en Danger Critique dâExtinction (lĂ©murien), neuf en Danger (deux amphibiens, quatre reptiles et trois lĂ©muriens) et 26 VulnĂ©rables (1 0 amphibiens, six reptiles, quatre oiseaux, un micromammifĂšre et cinq lĂ©muriens). Ce couloir forestier prĂ©sente un coefficient de similaritĂ© Ă©levĂ©, dâune valeur supĂ©rieure Ă 0.50 avec le Marojejy pour les amphibiens et les reptiles. Pour les oiseaux et les lĂ©muriens, les coefficients sont encore plus importants, plus particuliĂšrement dans les comparaisons COMATSAc âc Marojejy, COMATSAc âc Anjanaharibe- Sud et Marojejyc âc Anjanaharibe-Sud. Cette Ă©tude confirme lâimportance dâintĂ©grer le COMATSA dans le rĂ©seau des Aires ProtĂ©gĂ©es de Madagascar pour renforcer la protection des espĂšces de vertĂ©brĂ©s endĂ©miques et menacĂ©es
Taboos and social contracts: Tools for ecosystem management â lessons from the Manambolomaty Lakes RAMSAR site, western Madagascar
Traditional taboos and social contracts played an important role in managing the Manambolomaty RAMSAR site. Taboos are defined as a prohibition imposed by social custom as a protective measureâ and social contracts are â in conservation sense â a common agreement for achieving conservation, sustainable development and development of resources objectives. The Manambolomaty Lakes RAMSAR site, District of Antsalova in western Madagascar, is composed of four lakes (Soamalipo, Befotaka, Ankerika and Antsamaka) surrounded by the Tsimembo deciduous forest. The first three lakes with forest surrounding encompass 14,701 ha and are being managed by two local Associations: FIZAMI (FIkambanana Zanatany Andranobe MIray) and FIFAMA (FIkambanana FAmpandrosoana Mamokatra Ankerika). The associations have used traditional taboos and social conventions to manage their local natural resources by incorporating a GELOSE (GEstion Locale SEcurisĂ©e) management system to conserve biological diversity, maintain resource sustainability and socio - economic viability. This site has the highest concentration of the endemic and critically endangered Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides), representing 10% of the global population, and many other species of different faunal groups are also in good conservation status such as Deckenâs sifaka (Propithecus deckeni) and Western lesser bamboo lemurs (Hapalemur occidentalis) and Madagascar flying fox (Pteropus rufus). Culturally, the site is known as a unique source of the endemic tree Hazomalania voyroni (Hernandiaceae), which is used by the Sakalava people for constructing coffins, and being buried in a coffin made of this wood is a great honour for the Sakalava people. From Manambolomatyâs Lakes fish yields, estimated at 60 - 100 tons per fishing season, FIZAMI and FIFAMA are one of the few Malagasy Associations with active bank accounts supported by management of their natural resources and associated activities. Their fisheries management system has increased the annual local revenue estimated at more than / pĂȘcheur par saison. La taxe collectĂ©e Ă partir de la ristourne de pĂȘche constitue prĂšs de 56% du budget communal des deux communes. Cette gestion communautaire de la zone humide de Manambolomaty est si bien connue dans le domaine de la conservation Ă Madagascar, quâelle sert de modĂšle pour dâautres organisations et associations. En consĂ©quence, le Complexe Lacustre Manambolomaty est proposĂ© pour ĂȘtre inclus dans le SystĂšme des Aires ProtĂ©gĂ©es de Madagascar connu sous le sigle SAPM
Profil EpidĂ©mio-Clinique Et Paraclinique Des Atteintes Cardiaques De LâHypertension ArtĂ©rielle Vu En Hospitalisation Au Service Cardiologie Befelatanana
Introduction : L'hypertension artĂ©rielle est un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique mondiale, cette Ă©tude visait Ă dĂ©terminer l'aspect Ă©pidĂ©miologique-clinique et paraclinique des atteintes cardiaques chez les patients hypertendus hospitalisĂ©s dans le service de cardiologie du CHU Joseph Raseta Befelatanana. MĂ©thodes : Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude transversale descriptive auprĂšs de patients adultes hypertendus avec organe cible hospitalisĂ©s de dĂ©but juin 2019 Ă fin septembre 2019, soit 4 mois dans le service de cardiologie du CHU Joseph Raseta Befelatanana.RĂ©sultats : Parmi les 58 patients sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, l'Ăąge moyen Ă©tait de 61,5 +/- 11,79 ans avec une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine. L'hĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© cardiovasculaire (82,75 %) ainsi que la sĂ©dentaritĂ© (75,86 %) Ă©taient les principaux facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire les plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©s. Une atteinte cardiaque a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e chez la grande majoritĂ© de nos patients (91,38 %). Une association statistiquement significative a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©e entre le diabĂšte, la sĂ©dentaritĂ© et l'existence d'une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (p= 0,019 ; p= 0,004). Il en est de mĂȘme entre la survenue d'insuffisance cardiaque et d'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (p = 0,007), de diabĂšte (p = 0,0001).Conclusion : Les atteintes cardiaques sont trĂšs frĂ©quentes chez les patients hypertendus ; c'est encore plus frĂ©quent si les patients prĂ©sentent d'autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire tels que le diabĂšte et un mode de vie sĂ©dentaire. Pour Madagascar, une analyse multicentrique serait souhaitable pour mettre clairement en Ă©vidence ces attaques
PrĂ©valence HospitaliĂšre De Lâatteinte Dâorgane Cible De Lâhypertension ArtĂ©rielle De Lâadulte Vue Dans Les Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires De Toamasina Madagascar
Introduction : Les dommages viscĂ©raux secondaires Ă lâhypertension artĂ©rielle restent frĂ©quents dans les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement. Lâobjectif de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence de lâatteinte dâorgane cible secondaires Ă lâhypertension artĂ©rielle et dâidentifier leurs dĂ©terminants.MĂ©thodes et patients: Nous avons effectuĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective transversale descriptive et analytique sur une pĂ©riode de 6 mois allant de dĂ©cembre 2016 Ă juin 2017 chez les patients hospitalisĂ©s dans les 2 centres hospitaliers de Toamasina.RĂ©sultats: Nous avons recrutĂ© 1077 patients. Lâhypertension artĂ©rielle concernait 376 patients, soit 34,9%. Nous avons retenu 202 patients. La prĂ©valence de lâatteinte dâorgane cible Ă©tait de 67,8%. La rĂ©partition des atteintes dâorganes cible de lâhypertension artĂ©rielle Ă©tait de 56,9% cĂ©rĂ©brale, de 54,0% cardiaque, de 28,4% rĂ©nale, de 8,0% oculaire, de 5,8% vasculaire pĂ©riphĂ©rique. Les facteurs dĂ©terminants principaux Ă©taient reprĂ©sentĂ©s par lâĂąge jeune, la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de lâhypertension artĂ©rielle, lâhypertension artĂ©rielle systolo-diastolique, le tabagisme, la dyslipidĂ©mie, la sĂ©dentaritĂ©, lâalcoolisme, lâaugmentation de la protĂ©ine C rĂ©active de lâhypertendu.Conclusion: Lâatteinte dâorgane cible de lâhypertension artĂ©rielle reste un problĂšme de santĂ© publique Ă Madagascar. Le contrĂŽle des facteurs de risque modifiables reste parmi les Ă©lĂ©ments clĂ©s de sa prĂ©vention
Protected area surface extension in Madagascar: Do endemism and threatened species remain useful criteria for site selection ?
The âhotspot approachâ considers that endemism and threatened species are key factors in protected area designation. Three wetland and forest sites have been proposed to be included into Madagascarâs system of protected areas (SAPM â SystĂšme des Aires ProtĂ©gĂ©es de Madagascar). These sites are Manambolomaty (14,701 ha) and Mandrozo (15,145 ha) in the west and Bemanevika (37,041 ha) in the north. Biodiversity inventories of these three sites recorded 243 endemic species comprised of 44 reptiles, 54 amphibians, 104 birds, 23 small mammals, 17 lemurs and one fish. Of these 243 species, 30 are threatened taxa comprising two Critically Endangered (CR), 11 Endangered (EN) and 17 Vulnerable (VU) species. The long term ecological viability of these sites has been shown by population stability of the two Critically Endangered flagship species, the Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) in Manambolomaty and Mandrozo and the recently rediscovered Madagascar pochard (Aythya innotata) in Bemanevika. Other threatened species and high biological diversity also justifies their inclusion into Madagascarâs SAPM
Traditions et Tabous dans le Complexe Bobaomby, ExtrĂȘme Nord de Madagascar
Le respect des normes et des pratiques traditionnelles de la communautĂ© locale est la clef de voĂ»te dans la crĂ©ation dâune aire protĂ©gĂ©e. Dans lâextrĂȘme Nord de Madagascar, une aire protĂ©gĂ©e est actuellement en phase de crĂ©ation dans le Complexe Bobaomby, une zone riche en biodiversitĂ© et en divers sites sacrĂ©s. Les communautĂ©s locales du site sont composĂ©es des adeptes de la tradition et des cultes aux ancĂȘtres. Au cours des entretiens avec des personnes ressources au sein des communautĂ©s et dirigeants des villages, huit sites sacrĂ©s constituant des centres de pratiques traditionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s dont Ambatomitongoa, Madiromasina, Madirokitamby (Antsahampano), Madirokitamby (Baie de Courrier), Doany-Be, Ambatosariaomby, Ambatonjanahary et Ampasimantoraka. Un rituel traditionnel appelĂ© « joro » marque le commencement de toute investigation dans le territoire de Bobaomby dont la prĂ©sente Ă©tude nâest pas Ă©pargnĂ©e. Deux « joro », lâun Ă Ambatomitongoa et lâautre Ă Madiromasina sont dĂ©crits et discutĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude. Quatorze tabous localement appelĂ©s « fady » et leurs significations traditionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s Ă Bobaomby. Ă Bobaomby, les traditions locales et les rĂšgles coutumiĂšres sont les garants de la sauvegarde environnementale et de la cohĂ©sion sociale ; elles sont aussi la base du systĂšme Ă©conomique local.
The respect of a local communityâs traditional practices is a key success for the protected area creation. The process of creating a protected area in the Bobaomby Complex, a rich area in terms of biodiversity and sacred sites in northern Madagascar, is currently underway. At this site, the local communities are composed of followers of the traditional and ancestral worships. During interviews with communities and villages leaders, there are eight sacred sites that constitute the centres of traditional practices identified as Ambatomitongoa, Madiromasina, Madiromikitamby (Antsahampano), Madiromikitamby (Baie de Courrier), Doany-Be, Ambatosariaomby, Ambatonjanahary and Ampasimantoraka. A traditional rite called âjoroâ has to be undertaken at the beginning of any investigations in the territory of Bobaomby. Two ceremonies of âjoroâ in the sacred sites, respectively, Ambatomitongoa and Madiromasina were described and discussed in this study. Fourteen taboos known locally as âfadyâ and their traditional meanings were recorded in Bobaomby. Apart from their environmental safeguard roles: taboos and traditions in Bobaomby generate a cohesion within the social groups, and they are also, locally, the key elements for the economic development
Cardiopathie cyanogĂšne : facteur de risque de tuberculose ? Cyanogenic heart disease: risk factor for tuberculosis?
La cardiopathie cyanogĂšne tĂ©moigne dâune contamination du sang artĂ©riel par du sang veineux responsable dâune cyanose, qui augmente le risque dâinfection opportuniste, en particulier la tuberculose. Nous rapportons le cas dâune tuberculose pulmonaire sur une communication interventriculaire pĂ©rimembraneuse type Eisenmenger. Notre but est de discuter le rĂŽle de la cardiopathie cyanogĂšne dans la phtysiogenĂšse afin de dĂ©pister systĂ©matiquement cette infection dans ce contexte.
Mots-clĂ©s: Cardiopathie cyanogĂšne â Tuberculose pulmonaire â Madagascar
Abstract: Cyanogenic heart disease is associated with arterial blood contamination by venous blood causing cyanosis that increases the risk of opportunistic infection, particularly tuberculosis. We report the case of pulmonary tuberculosis on perimembranous interventricular communication type Eisenmenger. Our goal is to discuss the role of cyanogenic heart disease in phtysiogenesis in order to systematically screen for that infection in that context
Traditions, Tabous et Conservation de la BiodiversitĂ© dans le Complexe Bobaomby, ExtrĂȘme Nord de Madagascar
Le respect des normes et des pratiques traditionnelles de la communautĂ© locale est la clef de voĂ»te dans la crĂ©ation dâune aire protĂ©gĂ©e. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans le Complexe Bobaomby, extrĂȘme Nord de Madagascar, pour rĂ©concilier, dĂšs la crĂ©ation de la Nouvelle Aire ProtĂ©gĂ©e, la conservation du site avec les valeurs socio-culturelles locales. Les objectifs spĂ©cifiques sont de (i) dĂ©ployer les maximums dâinformations concernant les sites sacrĂ©s, (ii) dĂ©crire les rites traditionnels ou « jĂŽro » entretenus dans ces sites et (iii) caractĂ©riser les tabous ou âfadyâ locaux afin de faire sortir lâimplication de ces traditions et tabous pour la conservation, la cohĂ©sion sociale et le dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique. Pour y arriver, des interviews semi-structurĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© conduits auprĂšs des mĂ©nages, des discussions ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es en groupe ou de maniĂšre informelle avec des personnes clĂ©s comme les anciens sages ou « Raiamandreny » originaires de la rĂ©gion Bobaomby, et des autoritĂ©s locales entre le 1er fĂ©vrier et le 20 avril 2018. Comme rĂ©sultats, huit sites sacrĂ©s constituant des centres de pratiques traditionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s : Ambatomitongoa, Madiromasina, Madirokitamby (Antsahampano), Madirokitamby (Baie de Courrier), Doany-Be, Ambatosariaomby, Ambatonjanahary et Ampasimantoraka. Deux « jĂŽro », lâun Ă Ambatomitongoa et lâautre Ă Madiromasina sont dĂ©crits et discutĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude. Quatorze tabous localement appelĂ©s « fady » et leurs significations traditionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s Ă Bobaomby. Ă Bobaomby, les traditions locales et les rĂšgles coutumiĂšres sont les garants de la sauvegarde environnementale et de la cohĂ©sion sociale ; elles sont aussi la base du systĂšme Ă©conomique local.
Respect for local traditions, norms, and practices is critical in the creation and success of a protected area. This study was conducted in the Bobaomby Complex, in north Madagascar, to reconcile, from the outset of the New Protected Area, the conservation of the site with local socio-cultural values. The specific objectives are to (i) collect and share as much information as possible concerning the sacred sites, (ii) describe the traditional rites or âjĂŽroâ maintained at these sites and (iii) characterize the local taboos or 'fady' in order to bring out the implication of these traditions and taboos for conservation, social cohesion and economic development. To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with households, and group and informal discussions were held with key persons such as the elders or âRaiamandrenyâ from the Bobaomby region, and local authorities between 1 February and 20 April 2018. As a result, eight sacred sites constituting centers of traditional practices were identified: Ambatomitongoa, Madiromasina, Madirokitamby (Antsahampano), Madirokitamby (Baie de Courrier), Doany-Be, Ambatosariaomby, Ambatonjanahary, and Ampasimantoraka. Two "jĂŽro", one at Ambatomitongoa and the other at Madiromasina are described and discussed in this study. Fourteen taboos are locally called âfadyâ and their traditional meanings were identified in Bobaomby. In Bobaomby, local traditions and customary rules are the guarantors of environmental protection and social cohesion; they are also the basis of the local economic system