Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management

Invasive species have a major effect on many sectors of the U.S. economy and on the well-being of its citizens. Their presence impacts animal and human health, military readiness, urban vegetation and infrastructure, water, energy and transportations systems, and indigenous peoples in the United States (Table 9.1). They alter bio-physical systems and cultural practices and require significant public and private expenditure for control. This chapter provides examples of the impacts to human systems and explains mechanisms of invasive species’ establishment and spread within sectors of the U.S. economy. The chapter is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide insight into the range and severity of impacts. Examples provide context for ongoing Federal programs and initiatives and support State and private efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and eradicate and control established invasive species

Genetic mapping of microbial and host traits reveals production of immunomodulatory lipids by Akkermansia muciniphila in the murine gut.

The molecular bases of how host genetic variation impacts the gut microbiome remain largely unknown. Here we used a genetically diverse mouse population and applied systems genetics strategies to identify interactions between host and microbe phenotypes including microbial functions, using faecal metagenomics, small intestinal transcripts and caecal lipids that influence microbe-host dynamics. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified murine genomic regions associated with variations in bacterial taxa; bacterial functions including motility, sporulation and lipopolysaccharide production and levels of bacterial- and host-derived lipids. We found overlapping QTL for the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and caecal levels of ornithine lipids. Follow-up in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that A. muciniphila is a major source of these lipids in the gut, provided evidence that ornithine lipids have immunomodulatory effects and identified intestinal transcripts co-regulated with these traits including Atf3, which encodes for a transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism and immunity. Collectively, these results suggest that ornithine lipids are potentially important for A. muciniphila-host interactions and support the role of host genetics as a determinant of responses to gut microbes

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

SummaryWe report a comprehensive molecular characterization of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCCs/PGLs), a rare tumor type. Multi-platform integration revealed that PCCs/PGLs are driven by diverse alterations affecting multiple genes and pathways. Pathogenic germline mutations occurred in eight PCC/PGL susceptibility genes. We identified CSDE1 as a somatically mutated driver gene, complementing four known drivers (HRAS, RET, EPAS1, and NF1). We also discovered fusion genes in PCCs/PGLs, involving MAML3, BRAF, NGFR, and NF1. Integrated analysis classified PCCs/PGLs into four molecularly defined groups: a kinase signaling subtype, a pseudohypoxia subtype, a Wnt-altered subtype, driven by MAML3 and CSDE1, and a cortical admixture subtype. Correlates of metastatic PCCs/PGLs included the MAML3 fusion gene. This integrated molecular characterization provides a comprehensive foundation for developing PCC/PGL precision medicine

Annotated list of the bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of Maryland, with new distributional records

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Figs. 1–2 in The Validity of Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as Distinct from Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius)

Figs. 1–2. Declivity of Xyleborus ferrugineus.Published as part of <i>Rabaglia, Robert J., 2005, The Validity of Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as Distinct from Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), pp. 261-266 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 59 (2)</i> on page 262, DOI: 10.1649/768, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10105092">http://zenodo.org/record/10105092</a&gt

The Validity of Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as Distinct from Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius)

Rabaglia, Robert J. (2005): The Validity of Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as Distinct from Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius). The Coleopterists Bulletin 59 (2): 261-266, DOI: 10.1649/768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/76

Figs. 3–4 in The Validity of Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as Distinct from Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius)

Figs. 3–4. Declivity of Xyleborus impressus.Published as part of <i>Rabaglia, Robert J., 2005, The Validity of Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as Distinct from Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), pp. 261-266 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 59 (2)</i> on page 263, DOI: 10.1649/768, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10105092">http://zenodo.org/record/10105092</a&gt

New Records of Two \u3ci\u3eXyleborus \u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America

New American locality records are given for two exotic ambrosia beetles (Coleptera: Scolytidae) in the genus Xyleborus. Xyleborus pfeili (Ratzeburg), a widely distributed Old World species, is reported for the first time in North America, from three counties in Maryland. Xyleborus californicus Wood, of northern Palearctic origin, but previously established in the western United States, is reported for the first time from Maryland, Delaware, South Carolina and Arkansas. Diagnoses and descriptions are given for the two species, along with scanning electron micrographs of key characters. Modifications are made to a previous key to include these new additions to the eastern North American ambrosia beetle fauna

First Records of Xyleborinus octiesdentatus (Murayama) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) From North America

Xyleborinus octiesdentatus (Murayama), an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, is reported for the first time in North America based on specimens from Alabama and Louisiana. This is the twenty-first species of exotic Xyleborina documented in North America. A re-description of the female and a key to the four North American species of Xyleborinus are presented