Inspirational perspectives and principles on the use of catalysts to create sustainability

Producción CientíficaMost of the products on which our welfare state is based are composed of chemicals. The growth of the world's population, its ageing and the continuous improvement of welfare state aspirations augur an increase in the needs for all these everyday products in our lives. A high percentage of these chemicals are synthesised using catalysis. In this perspective paper, we highlight the importance of catalysis, which is at the heart of chemical processes, and therefore one of the tools for creating products that drive sustainability. We have compiled twelve methodological best practices in catalyst design and conception that can serve as inspiration for the creation and improvement of catalysts. We include some application examples to illustrate this.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Agencia Estatal de Investigación - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project PID2019-105975GB-I00

INFLUENCIA DE CUATRO SISTEMAS DE LABOREO EN LAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UN FLUVISOL Y EN EL BALANCE ENERGÉTICO EN CULTIVOS DE RAÍCES Y TUBÉRCULOS

En los últimos años ha crecido la cantidad de energía que se invierte en los cultivos por el uso de fertilizantes, combustible y maquinaria, sin embargo las tecnologías de labranza no han evolucionado con igual rapidez. La presente investigación evaluó cuatro sistemas de laboreo (laboreo tradicional T1, laboreo con multiarado y grada de discosT2, laboreo con fresadora y subsolador T3 y laboreo con grada de discos y subsolador T4) y su influencia en la evolución de las propiedades del suelo, a través de la producción de cultivos de raíces y tubérculos (papa, boniato y yuca) y su consumo energético, en un fluvisol con textura franco arcilloso de la provincia cubana de Granma. Las tecnologías de labranza mínima presentaron mejor comportamiento, en particular la tecnología de multiarado y grada de discos T2, la cual mejora significativamente las propiedades físicas del suelo y con ello las condiciones para el desarrollo de los cultivos, obteniendo la mayor producción (33; 13 y 13,9 t ha-1) en los tres cultivos respectivamente, el menor consumo de combustible, el mayor rendimiento de los conjuntos máquina tractor y el mejor balance energético con una eficiencia energética de (3,9; 4,9 y 12) en los tres cultivos respectivamente. La granulometría del suelo después del laboreo y la calidad de la labranza lograda mediante este sistema de laboreo, así como el menor consumo de energía contribuyen a la conservación del suelo y a la reducción de los costes energéticos

Brain metastases from non-small cell lung carcinoma: an overview of classical and novel treatment strategies

Background: The development of brain metastases is a common problem in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Technological advances in surgery and radiotherapy have allowed greater local control. Moreover, the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapy with greater activity on the central nervous system than classical chemotherapy have given way to new strategies in the treatment of brain metastases. We review the current role of local treatments, surgery and radiotherapy, and the most effective combination strategies with the new systemic treatments. Relevance for patients: Brain metastases frequently occur during the course of NSCLC. In recent years, a range of treatments have appeared, such as targeted treatments or immunotherapy, with greater activity at the brain level than classical chemotherapy. Radiotherapy treatment is also now much more conformal and ablative doses can be delivered to the volume of the metastatic area, providing greater local control and less neurological toxicity. However, surgery is still required in cases where anatomopathological specimens are needed and when compressive effects appear. An important challenge is how to combine these treatments to achieve the best control and minimise patients’ neurological impairments, especially because of limited experience with the new target drugs, and the unknown toxicity of the different combinations. Future research should therefore focus on these areas in order to establish the best strategies for the treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Core tips: In this work, we intend to elucidate the best therapeutic options for patients diagnosed with brain metastases of NSCL, which include: surgery, WBRT, radiosurgery or systemic treatment, and the most effective combinations and timings of them, and the ones with the lowest associated toxicity

Long-term follow-up of certolizumab pegol in uveitis due to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases : multicentre study of 80 patients

Objectives To evaluate effectiveness and safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in uveitis due to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Methods Multicentre study of CZP-treated patients with IMID uveitis refractory to conventional immunosuppressant. Effectiveness was assessed through the following ocular parameters: best-corrected visual acuity, anterior chamber cells, vitritis, macular thickness and retinal vasculitis. These variables were compared between the baseline, and first week, first, third, sixth months, first and second year. Results We studied 80 (33 men/47 women) patients (111 affected eyes) with a mean age of 41.6±11.7 years. The IMID included were: spondyloarthritis (n=43), Behçet's disease (n=10), psoriatic arthritis (n=8), Crohn's disease (n=4), sarcoidosis (n=2), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=1), reactive arthritis (n=1), rheumatoid arthritis (n=1), relapsing polychondritis (n=1), Conclusions CZP seems to be effective and safe in uveitis related to different IMID, even in patients refractory to previous biological drugs

MECOE : multimedia para la formación del profesorado en el uso de los recursos audiovisuales en el aula

MECOE es una aplicación multimedia desarrollada para que sirva de soporte y complemento formativo para el profesorado de la enseñanza primaria, en donde se incluyen algunas fórmulas de uso y explotación didáctica de los distintos medios de comunicación escritos y audiovisuales, entre los que se pueden destacar: la prensa, el cómic, la radio y el lenguaje cinematográfico, y los diferentes formatos televisivos (informativos, dibujos animados, spots publicitarios, programación educativa, videoclips musicales...).CataluñaES

HDR-plesiotherapy for the treatment of anogenital extramammary Paget's disease

BackgroundExtramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare condition that most commonly affects the anogenital region in the elderly. It may be associated with an underlying invasive carcinoma. Surgical excision is nowadays considered a standard treatment for extramammary Paget's disease, although this approach might not be suitable for all patients. Good rates of local control and cosmetic outcome have been achieved by using high-dose-rate (HDR) plesiotherapy in the treatment of skin tumors arising in different locations.Material and methodsWe present the results observed in a patient with EMPD treated by HDR plesiotherapy with a custom-made mold up to a final dose of 54[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]Gy in 12 fractions of 450 cGy over 4 weeks.ResultsAfter a follow-up of 18 months, the patient is alive and without evidence of local or distant relapse. Acute toxicity was acceptable and cosmetic result was considered as excellent.ConclusionThis technique represents an attractive alternative for those patients who are not candidates for surgical procedures because of unacceptable risk of disfigurements or functional impairment, medical contraindications or patient preference

Quality of life in patients with breakthrough cancer pain in radiation oncology departments in Spain: the CAVIDIOR study.

Aim: The CAVIDIOR study evaluated quality of life (QoL) in patients with breakthrough cancer pain receiving palliative radiation therapy in radiation oncology departments (RODs) in Spain. Patients & methods: Prospective observational study at 11 Spanish RODs (July 2016-November 2017). QoL was assessed using Short Form Health Survey 12. Secondary end points were sleep quality, caregiver burden and patient/perception of improvement. Results: QoL improved according to the Short Form Health Survey 12 mental component. Sleep quality and caregivers' burden improved significantly. Conclusion: Breakthrough cancer pain is highly prevalent and can be substantially reduced with appropriate diagnosis and management in RODs. Along with the QoL questionnaire, sleep quality and caregiver burden provide a more comprehensive assessment of overall health status in patients receiving radiation therapy in RODs. Clinical trial registration: NCT02836379 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

GOECP/SEOR radiotherapy guidelines for thymic epithelial tumours

Thymic epithelial tumours (TET) are rare, heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize. The pathological diagnosis is complex, in part due to the existence of several different classification systems. The evidence base for the management of TETs is scant and mainly based on non-randomised studies and retrospective series. Consequently, the clinical management of TETs tends to be highly heterogenous, which makes it difficult to improve the evidence level. The role of technological advances in the field of radiotherapy and new systemic therapies in the treatment of TETs has received little attention to date. In the present clinical guidelines, developed by the GOECP/SEOR, we review recent developments in the diagnosis and classification of TETs. We also present a consensus-based therapeutic strategy for each disease stage that takes into consideration the best available evidence. These guidelines focus primarily on the role of radiotherapy, including recent advances, in the management of TETs. The main aim of this document is to promote the standardisation of clinical practice and lay the foundations for future studies to clarify the main unresolved questions related to the optimal management of TET.Sin financiaciónNo data 2021UE