32 research outputs found
TURFs and Clubs: Empirical Evidence of the Effect of Selfgovernance Korea\u27s Inshore (maul) Fisheries
Self-governance of natural resources has started to gain increasing attention as an alternative to command-and-control and market-based tools. However, a fundamental question remains: is self-governance economically beneficial, allowing it to serve as an alternative management tool? This paper uses a unique set of survey data from a territorial-user-right-based South Korean inshore (maul) fishery and applies an empirical strategy to provide some of the first quantitative evidence that self-governance benefits maul fishermen.We find that members of the self-governance group perceive the management system as having had a positive impact on four out of the eight criteria we tested: stock recovery, curtailed fishing effort, reduced disputes among fishermen and declining incidents of illegal fishing. Considering that these groups have been in existence on average for less than seven years, these results indicate that the management scheme has made good progress overall
Does Self Management in Fisheries Enhance Profitability? Examination of Korea’s Coastal Fisheries
Self management of natural resources has started to gain increasing attention as an alternative tool to command-and-control and market-based tools, but the fundamental question remains: is self management economically beneficial such that it should be promoted in the first place? This article uses a unique set of survey data from South Korea and applies an empirical strategy to provide some of the first quantitative evidence that self management is benefiting the fishermen. We find that positive benefits of fishery self management—an increase in fishery revenue and reduction in cost—are perceived by member fishermen, which is a good start considering the average number of years since the establishment of these self-management groups is only about seven. Empirical results of the magnitude of change in profit showed some consistent results, although the estimates were not as robust. These results suggest that the impact of fishery self management is still in progress. Thus, the government should maintain its current position to support self management as the country’s fishery management policy
Inhibitory effect of green coffee bean extract on fat accumulation and body weight gain in mice
BACKGROUND: An epidemiological study conducted in Italy indicated that coffee has the greatest antioxidant capacity among the commonly consumed beverages. Green coffee bean is rich in chlorogenic acid and its related compounds. The effect of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) on fat accumulation and body weight in mice was assessed with the objective of investigating the effect of GCBE on mild obesity. METHODS: Male ddy mice were fed a standard diet containing GCBE and its principal constituents, namely, caffeine and chlorogenic acid, for 14 days. Further, hepatic triglyceride (TG) level was also investigated after consecutive administration (13 days) of GCBE and its constituents. To examine the effect of GCBE and its constituents on fat absorption, serum TG changes were evaluated in olive oil-loaded mice. In addition, to investigate the effect on hepatic TG metabolism, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity in mice was evaluated after consecutive ingestion (6 days) of GCBE and its constituents (caffeine, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and feruloylquinic acid mixture). RESULTS: It was found that 0.5% and 1% GCBE reduced visceral fat content and body weight. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid showed a tendency to reduce visceral fat and body weight. Oral administration of GCBE (100 and 200 mg/kg· day) for 13 days showed a tendency to reduce hepatic TG in mice. In the same model, chlorogenic acid (60 mg/kg· day) reduced hepatic TG level. In mice loaded with olive oil (5 mL/kg), GCBE (200 and 400 mg/kg) and caffeine (20 and 40 mg/kg) reduced serum TG level. GCBE (1%), neochlorogenic acid (0.028% and 0.055%) and feruloylquinic acid mixture (0.081%) significantly enhanced hepatic CPT activity in mice. However, neither caffeine nor chlorogenic acid alone was found to enhance CPT activity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GCBE is possibly effective against weight gain and fat accumulation by inhibition of fat absorption and activation of fat metabolism in the liver. Caffeine was found to be a suppressor of fat absorption, while chlorogenic acid was found to be partially involved in the suppressive effect of GCBE that resulted in the reduction of hepatic TG level. Phenolic compounds such as neochlorogenic acid and feruloylquinic acid mixture, except chlorogenic acid, can enhance hepatic CPT activity
Author response image 1. Intracellular (A) and extracellular (B) MG concentrations in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of dihadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV: Jet-quenching and the response of partonic matter
Azimuthal angle \Delta\phi correlations are presented for charged hadrons
from dijets for 0.4 < p_T < 10 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200
GeV. With increasing p_T, the away-side distribution evolves from a broad to a
concave shape, then to a convex shape. Comparisons to p+p data suggest that the
away-side can be divided into a partially suppressed "head" region centered at
Delta\phi ~ \pi, and an enhanced "shoulder" region centered at Delta\phi ~ \pi
+/- 1.1. The p_T spectrum for the "head" region softens toward central
collisions, consistent with the onset of jet quenching. The spectral slope for
the "shoulder" region is independent of centrality and trigger p_T, which
offers constraints on energy transport mechanisms and suggests that the
"shoulder" region contains the medium response to energetic jets.Comment: 420 authors from 58 institutions, 6 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to
Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in
figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly
available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Particle-species dependent modification of jet-induced correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
We report PHENIX measurements of the correlation of a trigger hadron at
intermediate transverse momentum (2.5<p_{T,trig}<4 GeV/c), with associated
mesons or baryons at lower p_{T,assoc}, in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200
GeV. The jet correlations for both baryons and mesons show similar shape
alterations as a function of centrality, characteristic of strong modification
of the away-side jet. The ratio of jet-associated baryons to mesons for this
jet increases with centrality and p_{T,assoc} and, in the most central
collisions, reaches a value similar to that for inclusive measurements. This
trend is incompatible with in-vacuum fragmentation, but could be due to
jet-like contributions from correlated soft partons which recombine upon
hadronization.Comment: 344 authors, 4 pages text, RevTeX, 4 figures. Submitted to Physical
Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for
this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Regulatory role of Pax6 on cell division cycle associated 7 and cortical progenitor cell proliferation
Forebrain development is controlled by a set of transcription factors which are
expressed in dynamic spatiotemporal patterns in the embryonic forebrain and are
known to regulate complex gene networks. Pax6 is a transcription factor that
regulates corticogenesis and mutations affecting Pax6 protein levels cause
neurodevelopmental defects in the eyes and forebrain in both humans and mice. In
previous studies, it was shown that the graded expression pattern of Pax6 protein,
which is high rostro-laterally to low caudo-medially in the cerebral cortex, is critical
for its control of cell cycle progression and proliferation of cortical progenitors.
However the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.
Based on a microarray analysis carried out in our laboratory, a number of cell cycle-related
candidate genes that may be affected by Pax6 have been identified. One such
gene, Cell division cycle associated 7 (Cdca7) is expressed in a counter-gradient
against that of Pax6. In my current study, I found that Cdca7 mRNA expression in
the telencephalon is upregulated in Pax6 null (Small eye) mutants and downregulated
in mice that overexpress PAX6 (PAX77) across developing time points from E12.5 to
E15.5. There are several potential Pax6 binding motifs located in the genomic locus
upstream of Cdca7. However, by chromatin immunoprecipitation, it is showed that
none of the predicted binding sites are physically bound by Pax6. Promoter luciferase
assays using fragments combining five suspected binding motifs show that Pax6 is
functionally critical.
Cdca7 is also identified as a Myc and E2F1 direct target and is upregulated in some
tumours but its biological role is not fully understood. Current work using in utero
electroporation to overexpress Cdca7 around the lateral telencephalon, where Cdca7
expression levels are normally low, tested the effects on the proliferation and
differentiation of cortical progenitor cells in this region. In E12.5 mice embryos,
overexpression of Cdca7 protein causes fewer intermediate progenitor cells and post-mitotic
neurons to be produced but these effects were not found in E14.5 embryos.
This result implies that Cdca7 may affect cell fate decision during cortical
development
Suppression pattern of neutral pions at high transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV and constraints on medium transport coefficients
For Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV we measure neutral pion production with
good statistics for transverse momentum, p_T, up to 20 GeV/c. A fivefold
suppression is found, which is essentially constant for 5 < p_T < 20 GeV/c.
Experimental uncertainties are small enough to constrain any model-dependent
parameterization for the transport coefficient of the medium, e.g. \mean(q^hat)
in the parton quenching model. The spectral shape is similar for all collision
classes, and the suppression does not saturate in Au+Au collisions; instead, it
increases proportional to the number of participating nucleons, as N_part^2/3.Comment: 422 authors, 6 pages text, RevTeX-4, 4 figures, 1 Table. Submitted to
Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in
figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly
available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm