Exploitation of lettuce waste flour to increase bread functionality: effect on physical, nutritional, sensory properties and on consumer response

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Effects of red grape, wild grape and black raspberry wines on ground pork during refrigerated storage

The effects of red grape, wild grape and black raspberry wines on the quality of ground pork during a 15 days refrigerated storage period were investigated. The levels of phenolic compounds were the highest in black raspberry wine (P0.05). The addition of 5% and 10% wine influenced the quality of ground pork by decreasing pH, inhibiting the progression of lipid oxidation and the formation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and stabilizing the red colour of the ground pork compared to control samples to which no wine was added. In ground pork, addition of red grape wine led to lower concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, 0.19–0.39 mg kg−1) and TVB-N values (69.1–119.9 mg kg−1) than wild grape (0.16–0.43 mg kg−1 and 72.0–194.1 mg kg−1, respectively) or black raspberry wine (0.33–0.58 mg kg−1 and 81.7–225.4 mg kg−1, respectively) up to 10 days of storage. Results from the present study suggested that the quality of ground pork was affected by wine type and storage period. These effects could be due to phenolic compounds as well as other chemical components of the wines

Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment

Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notablesuccesses in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targetedtherapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a fewdisease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistantimmortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are notreliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, aninternational task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broad-spectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspectsof relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a widerange of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For thesetargets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which werephytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed forknown effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment. Potential contrary or procar-cinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixedevidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of therelationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. Thisnovel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types ofcancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for futureresearch is offered

Hypocholesterolemic and hypotensive effects of a fruit-based functional beverage in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed with cholesterol-rich diet

This study was designed to evaluate a polyphenols-rich fruit-based functional beverage on blood pressure, serum and liver lipid profiles in vivo. Sixty spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into five groups and were fed with a AIN-93G-diet as the normal control (NC), high cholesterol diet as atherogenic control (AC), and the AC diet with three different beverage dosages (0.5. X, 1. X, 2. X), where X is the equivalence of two portion sizes for an adult (X = 10. mL/kg. BW/day) after dose translation. Blood pressure was measured during weeks 2 and 4 using a tail-cuff method. Systolic blood pressures were lowered by the beverage at the supplementation of 1. X/2. X after 2. week but not after 4. week. The oral administration of the beverage at 1. X/2. X significantly lowered liver cholesterol and total and non-HDL-cholesterol levels in the serum. Thus, the newly formulated beverage possessed hypolipidaemic effects while showing inconsistent effect in lowering the blood pressure. \ua9 2013 The Authors.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Apple flavonols and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich fish oil lowers blood C-reactive protein in rats with hypercholesterolemia and acute inflammation

Both quercetin glycosides and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are well established for their individual health benefits in ameliorating metabolic disease. However, their combined effects are not well documented. It was hypothesized that the beneficial properties of quercetin glycosides can be enhanced when provided in combination with n-3 PUFA. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of apple flavonols (AF) and fish oil (FO), alone and in combination, on proinflammatory biomarkers and lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12) and fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. One of the 5 groups of rats was used as the high-fat control. The other 4 groups of rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally, 5 hours before euthanization. One of these 4 groups was used as the hypercholerolemic and inflammatory control (high-fat with lipopolysaccharide [HFL]), and the other 3 received AF (HFL + 25 mg/kg per day AF), FO (HFL + 1 g/kg per day FO), or the combination (HFL + AF + FO). Compared to the HFL group, the AF, FO, and AF + FO groups showed lower serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The AF, FO, and AF + FO also had lowered serum triacylglycerol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, but higher HDL-C levels relative to the HFL group. An additive effect was observed on serum CRP in the AF + FO group as compared with the AF or FO groups. The results demonstrated that AF and FO inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators and showed an improved efficacy to lower serum CRP when administered in combination, and they significantly improved blood lipid profiles in rats with diet-induced hyperlipidemia and LPS-induced acute inflammation. \ua9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Influência do intervalo entre a colheita e a aplicação do 1-metilciclopropeno no controle do amadurecimento de mamão Influence of the interval between harvest and 1-methylcyclopropene application on papaya ripening

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a influência do intervalo entre a colheita e a aplicação do 1-MCP na sua eficiência como retardador do amadurecimento de mamões 'Golden'. Os frutos foram colhidos em pomares comerciais da região de Linhares-ES, no estádio 2 de maturação, armazenados a 11&plusmn;1ºC e submetidos à aplicação de 1-MCP (100nL.L-1) após 0; 1; 2 e 3 dias da colheita. Frutos tratados e não-tratados permaneceram durante 6 dias a 11&plusmn;1ºC e, em seguida, foram armazenados a 22&plusmn;1,5ºC e 80-90%UR, até completo amadurecimento. O 1-MCP retardou a perda de firmeza e a mudança da cor da casca dos frutos. Os frutos sem 1-MCP atingiram firmeza ideal para consumo entre o 2º e o 4º dia a 22ºC. Os frutos que receberam 1-MCP no 2º ou no 3º dia após a colheita, atingiram ponto de consumo entre o 8º e o 10º dia a 22ºC. Aqueles tratados no 1º dia após a colheita atingiram firmeza de consumo no 12º dia a 22ºC, e aqueles que receberam 1-MCP no dia da colheita, não amoleceram. A coloração da casca teve comportamento similar ao da firmeza, porém em menor intensidade. Houve pequeno aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos em função do amadurecimento. Quanto menor o intervalo entre a colheita e a aplicação do 1-MCP maior sua eficiência como retardador do amadurecimento de mamões 'Golden'. Essa informação é fundamental na definição da tecnologia de aplicação desse regulador vegetal.<br>The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of the interval between harvest and 1-MCP application on 1-MCP efficiency in delaying ripening in Golden papaya. Fruits were harvested from commercial orchards located in Linhares, ES, in a second stage of maturation, stored at 11&plusmn;1ºC and treated with 1-MCP (100 nL.L-1) 0, 1, 2 and 3 days after harvest. Treated and non-treated fruits were kept at 11&plusmn;1ºC for 6 days and, then, were stored at 22&plusmn;1.5ºC and 80-90%RH until complete ripening. 1-MCP delayed loss of firmness and skin color changes. Non-treated fruits reached ideal firmness for consumption between the 2nd and 4th day of storage at 22ºC. Fruits treated with 1-MCP on the 2nd or 3rd day after harvest reached consumption stage between the 8th and 10th day of storage at 22ºC. While fruits treated with 1-MCP one day after harvest reached optimum firmness for consumption on the 12th day of storage at 22ºC, those treated on the harvest day did not softened. Though more subtly, skin color behaved in a similar way as firmness. There was a slight increase in soluble solids amounts in fruits along ripening. The lower the interval between harvest and 1-MCP application, the longer the 1-MCP efficiency in delaying ripening in Golden papaya. This is the key information when defining the application procedure for 1-MCP as a ripening regulator