49 research outputs found
Differential attraction and repulsion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on molecularly smooth titanium films
Magnetron sputtering techniques were used to prepare molecularly smooth titanium thin films
possessing an average roughness between 0.18â
nm and 0.52â
nm over 5 ÎŒm Ă 5 ÎŒm AFM scanning
areas. Films with an average roughness of 0.52â
nm or lower were found to restrict the extent
of P. aeruginosa cell attachment, with less than 0.5% of all available cells being
retained on the surface. The attachment of S. aureus cells was also limited on films
with an average surface roughness of 0.52â
nm, however they exhibited a remarkable propensity
for attachment on the nano-smoother 0.18â
nm average surface roughness films, with the
attachment density being almost twice as great as that observed on the nano-rougher film.
The difference in attachment behaviour can be attributed to the difference in morphology of
the rod-shaped P. aeruginosa compared to the spherical S. aureus cells
A mammalian cell based FACS-panning platform for the selection of HIV-1 envelopes for vaccine development
An increasing number of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnMAb) against the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein has been discovered recently. Despite this progress, vaccination efforts with the aim to re-elicit bnMAbs that provide protective immunity have failed so far. Herein, we describe the development of a mammalian cell based FACS-panning method in which bnMAbs are used as tools to select surface-exposed envelope variants according to their binding affinity. For that purpose, an HIV-1 derived lentiviral vector was developed to infect HEK293T cells at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) in order to link Env phenotype and genotype. For proof of principle, a gp145 Env model-library was established in which the complete V3 domain was substituted by five strain specific V3 loop sequences with known binding affinities to nMAb 447-52D, respectively. Env genes were recovered from selected cells by PCR, subcloned into a lentiviral vector (i) to determine and quantify the enrichment nMAb binders and (ii) to generate a new batch of transduction competent particles. After 2 selection cycles the Env variant with highest affinity was enriched 20-fold and represented 80% of the remaining Env population. Exploiting the recently described bnMAbs, this procedure might prove useful in selecting Env proteins from large Env libraries with the potential to elicit bnMAbs when used as vaccine candidates
Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide : the definitive data of the CIAOW Study
Peer reviewe
WSES Guidelines for the management of acute left sided colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting
Acute left sided colonic diverticulitis is one of the most common clinical conditions encountered by surgeons in acute setting. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference on acute diverticulitis was held during the 3rd World Congress of the WSES in Jerusalem, Israel, on July 7th, 2015. During this consensus conference the guidelines for the management of acute left sided colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting were presented and discussed. This document represents the executive summary of the final guidelines approved by the consensus conference.Peer reviewe