Depinning exponents of the driven long-range elastic string

We perform a high-precision calculation of the critical exponents for the long-range elastic string driven through quenched disorder at the depinning transition, at zero temperature. Large-scale simulations are used to avoid finite-size effects and to enable high precision. The roughness, growth, and velocity exponents are calculated independently, and the dynamic and correlation length exponents are derived. The critical exponents satisfy known scaling relations and agree well with analytical predictions.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

A multi-level approach to flood frequency regionalisation

A multi-level approach to flood frequency regionalisation is given. Based on observed flood data, it combines physical and statistical criteria to cluster homogeneous groups in a geographical area. Seasonality analysis helps identify catchments with a common flood generation mechanism. Scale invariance of annual maximum flood, as parameterised by basin area, is used to check the regional homogeneity of flood peaks. Homogeneity tests are used to assess the statistical robustness of the regions. The approach is based on the appropriate use of the index flood method (Dalrymple, 1960) in regions with complex climate and topography controls. An application to north-western Italy is presented.</p> <p style='line-height: 20px;'><b>Keywords:</b> homogeneity, multi-level approach, regionalisation, seasonality, scale invariance, similarity, test

Effective Engagement Of White Employees In Workplace Inclusion Strategies In Healthcare Organizations

This capstone paper explores the subject of effective engagement of White employees in healthcare workforce inclusion strategies. While diversity, equity, and inclusion work in healthcare delivery organizations has become an increasingly high priority, leaders of this function must grapple with engagement of disparate audiences in order to achieve their goals. White employees wield outsized influence in creating a greater sense of inclusion in the workplace yet they are less likely to be engaged in diversity & inclusion work. The limited attention that this topic has received from academia was explored in three sections: (1) diversity approach, (2) Whiteness, which included work on privilege, ‘fragility’, and positive identity development, and (3) case studies. Qualitative interviews of 16 practitioners with diverse profiles produced findings regarding their overall approach, approaches to difference and commonality, and the effective engagement of White employees. Three participants voiced a concern about the framing of the research topic; their objections were valuable in highlighting the dialectical and strategic conflicts regarding a focus on racial identity. The participants largely agreed that the White encounter with workplace inclusion was exceptional, that psychological safety was paramount, and that development of positive work identities and relationships were key considerations. The participants’ preferred strategic frames were mixed between healthcare quality, business, and social justice. The participants’ leadership strategies to engage Whites were closely related to best practices for leading organizational culture change. After a synthesis of the extant literature and the interview findings, four critical insights were offered. The paper ends with a personal reflection

Seismic cycles, size of the largest events, and the avalanche size distribution in a model of seismicity

We address several questions on the behavior of a numerical model recently introduced to study seismic phenomena, that includes relaxation in the plates as a key ingredient. We make an analysis of the scaling of the largest events with system size, and show that when parameters are appropriately interpreted, the typical size of the largest events scale as the system size, without the necessity to tune any parameter. Secondly, we show that the temporal activity in the model is inherently non-stationary, and obtain from here justification and support for the concept of a "seismic cycle" in the temporal evolution of seismic activity. Finally, we ask for the reasons that make the model display a realistic value of the decaying exponent $b$ in the Gutenberg-Richter law for the avalanche size distribution. We explain why relaxation induces a systematic increase of $b$ from its value $b\simeq 0.4$ observed in the absence of relaxation. However, we have not been able to justify the actual robustness of the model in displaying a consistent $b$ value around the experimentally observed value $b\simeq 1$.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure

An integrated simulation method for flash-flood risk assessment: 1. Frequency predictions in the Bisagno River by combining stochastic and deterministic methods

International audienceA stochastic rainfall generator and a deterministic rainfall-runoff model, both distributed in space and time, are combined to provide accurate flood frequency prediction in the Bisagno River basin (Thyrrenian Liguria, N.W. Italy). The inadequacy of streamflow records with respect to the return period of the required flow discharges makes the stochastic simulation methodology a useful operational alternative to a regionalisation procedure for flood frequency analysis and derived distribution techniques. The rainfall generator is the Generalized Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulses (GNSRP) model. The rainfall-runoff model is the FEST98 model. The GNSRP generator was calibrated using a continuous 7-years' record of hourly precipitation measurements at five raingauges scattered over the Bisagno basin. The calibrated rainfall model was then used to generate a 1000 years' series of continuous rainfall data at the gauging sites and a flood-oriented model validation procedure was developed to evaluate the agreement between observed and simulated extreme values of rainfall at different scales of temporal aggregation. The synthetic precipitation series were input to the FEST98 model to provide flood hydrographs at selected cross-sections across the river network. Flood frequency analysis of the annual flood series (AFS) obtained from these simulations was undertaken using L-moment estimations of Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions. The results are compared with those determined by applying a regional flood analysis in Thyrrhenian Liguria and the derived distribution techniques to the Bisagno river basin. This approach is also useful to assess the effects of changes in land use on flood frequency regime (see Rosso and Rulli, 2002). Keywords: flood frequency, stochastic rainfall generator, distributed rainfall runoff model, derived distributio

A multi-level approach to flood frequency regionalisation

International audienceA multi-level approach to flood frequency regionalisation is given. Based on observed flood data, it combines physical and statistical criteria to cluster homogeneous groups in a geographical area. Seasonality analysis helps identify catchments with a common flood generation mechanism. Scale invariance of annual maximum flood, as parameterised by basin area, is used to check the regional homogeneity of flood peaks. Homogeneity tests are used to assess the statistical robustness of the regions. The approach is based on the appropriate use of the index flood method (Dalrymple, 1960) in regions with complex climate and topography controls. An application to north-western Italy is presented. Keywords: homogeneity, multi-level approach, regionalisation, seasonality, scale invariance, similarity, test

Higher correlations, universal distributions and finite size scaling in the field theory of depinning

Recently we constructed a renormalizable field theory up to two loops for the quasi-static depinning of elastic manifolds in a disordered environment. Here we explore further properties of the theory. We show how higher correlation functions of the displacement field can be computed. Drastic simplifications occur, unveiling much simpler diagrammatic rules than anticipated. This is applied to the universal scaled width-distribution. The expansion in d=4-epsilon predicts that the scaled distribution coincides to the lowest orders with the one for a Gaussian theory with propagator G(q)=1/q^(d+2 \zeta), zeta being the roughness exponent. The deviations from this Gaussian result are small and involve higher correlation functions, which are computed here for different boundary conditions. Other universal quantities are defined and evaluated: We perform a general analysis of the stability of the fixed point. We find that the correction-to-scaling exponent is omega=-epsilon and not -epsilon/3 as used in the analysis of some simulations. A more detailed study of the upper critical dimension is given, where the roughness of interfaces grows as a power of a logarithm instead of a pure power.Comment: 15 pages revtex4. See also preceding article cond-mat/030146

Numerical and experimental evaluation of the magnetic interaction for frequency up-conversion in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

The purpose of this work is to improve the modelling process for the application of permanent magnets in a frequency up-conversion (FuC) mechanism for piezoelectric energy harvesters. More specifically, the aim is to avoid the burdensome finite element analyses (FEA) in the framework of electromechanical devices design. The analytical calculations are compared with experimental tests conducted by an ad-hoc set up and with FEA. After investigations on the interaction, an application of FuC mechanism is proposed on a meso-scale case study in which a low frequency seismic mass (LFM) interacts non-linearly, due to magnetic field, with an high frequency piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH). Numerical simulations have been carried out in the time domain (step-by-step analysis) under a harmonic low-frequency input acceleration signal. The peculiar behavior, due to non-linear dynamics, is investigated in both the repulsive and the attractive configurations of the magnets. The results confirm the effectiveness of magnetic FuC and show that the repulsive case allows the device to recover a larger amount of energy than the attractive configuration

Precipitation downscaling using random cascades: a case study in Italy

Abstract. We present a Stochastic Space Random Cascade (SSRC) approach to downscale precipitation from a Global Climate Model (hereon, GCMs) for an Italian Alpine watershed, the Oglio river (1440 km2). The SSRC model is locally tuned upon Oglio river for spatial downscaling (approx. 2 km) of daily precipitation from the NCAR Parallel Climate Model. We use a 10 years (1990–1999) series of observed daily precipitation data from 25 rain gages. Scale Recursive Estimation coupled with Expectation Maximization algorithm is used for model estimation. Seasonal parameters of the multiplicative cascade are accommodated by statistical distributions conditioned upon climatic forcing, based on regression analysis. The main advantage of the SSRC is to reproduce spatial clustering, intermittency, self-similarity of precipitation fields and their spatial correlation structure, with low computational burden.</p

Physical Drivers of Phytoplankton Bloom Initiation in the Southern Ocean's Scotia Sea

Abstract: The Scotia Sea is the site of one of the largest spring phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Past studies suggest that shelf‐iron inputs are responsible for the high productivity in this region, but the physical mechanisms that initiate and sustain the bloom are not well understood. Analysis of profiling float data from 2002 to 2017 shows that the Scotia Sea has an unusually shallow mixed‐layer depth during the transition from winter to spring, allowing the region to support a bloom earlier in the season than elsewhere in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. We compare these results to the mixed‐layer depth in the 1/6° data‐assimilating Southern Ocean State Estimate and then use the model output to assess the physical balances governing mixed‐layer variability in the region. Results indicate the importance of lateral advection of Weddell Sea surface waters in setting the stratification. A Lagrangian particle release experiment run backward in time suggests that Weddell outflow constitutes 10% of the waters in the upper 200 m of the water column in the bloom region. This dense Weddell water subducts below the surface waters in the Scotia Sea, establishing a sharp subsurface density contrast that cannot be overcome by wintertime convection. Profiling float trajectories are consistent with the formation of Taylor columns over the region's complex bathymetry, which may also contribute to the unique stratification. Furthermore, biogeochemical measurements from 2016 and 2017 bloom events suggest that vertical exchange associated with this Taylor column enhances productivity by delivering nutrients to the euphotic zone