Color Trails Test: a Brazilian normative sample

The present study aims to evaluate psychometric data on the population of Brazil using of the Color Trails Test (CTT). The instrument was applied to 1,942 subjects who came from the north (1.4%), northeast (10.4%), midwest (7.7%), southeast (65.9%), and south (13.9%) regions of Brazil. Ages varied from 18 to 86 years (M = 40.03 years; DP = 16.02), with 386 males (19.9%) and 1,556 females (80.1%). Regarding schooling, 57 (3%) of participants were illiterate, 1.240 (64%) had primary education and 645 (33%) had a high school and/or superior diploma. The length of schooling ranged from 0 to 14 (M = 7.81, SD = 3.51) years. Good accuracy ratings were obtained using Spearman's coefficient on the main measures of the CTT, including time of execution form 1 (0.76) and form 2 (0.82). Regional variations showed that the northeast region had the worst results on the instrument. Males had better performance on the proposed task, with significant differences between age groups and the worst results for ages greater than 60 years. For both sexes, an increase in score was noticed with increasing age, and better performance was found with increasing levels of education. The present results suggest that the CTT can identify attentional disturbances with significant variations in the time of execution

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Inventory of sexual behaviors of children: Brazilian standardization and new evidence of validity

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo pretende normatizar e buscar novas evidências de validade da versão em Língua Portuguesa do Brasil do Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory - CSBI (Rossetti, 2012), tendo em vista a necessidade, por parte dos profissionais que atuam com crianças, de recursos para a apuração de comportamentos sexuais atípicos, de forma que a avaliação e intervenção nesta área do desenvolvimento sejam práticas baseadas em evidências. OBJETIVO: normatizar a versão em Língua Portuguesa do CSBI e realizar um estudo exploratório e inferencial a fim de verificar novas propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. MÉTODO: Participaram do processo de normatização e análise de confiabilidade 225 mães ou responsáveis por crianças de 3 a 11 anos de idade. Para os estudo de validade de critério do tipo concorrente, utilizou-se essa mesma amostra. Para a validade de construto do tipo discriminante, participaram 3 grupos de mães ou responsáveis por crianças de 2 a 12 anos de idade com Síndrome de Down (n=24), com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA (n=30) e um controle (=30). Após aprovação do comitê de ética, aplicou-se os instrumentos da pesquisa. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva e inferencial por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTADOS: O Alpha de Cronbach de toda a escala=0,79, da parte 1= 0,74 e o da parte 2=0,64. Com o método das duas metades (Spearman-Brown)=0,63 e com Guttman=0,62. A validade de critério do tipo concorrente revelou diferença entre 3 grupos etários, de 3 a 5 anos (X2= 55,33; gl= 22), de 6 a 8 anos (X2= 58,96; gl= 16) e de 9 a 11 anos (X2= 72,47; gl= 19) com p=0,000. A validade de construto do tipo discriminante com o Qui Quadrado não revelou diferença estatísticamente significativa entre as pontuações. A validade de construto do tipo convergente/divergente revelou que existe correlação nos TEA entre total do CSBI e Comunicação da VABS (r= -0,46), total do CSBI e Socialização da VABS (r= -0,43), total do CSBI e total da VABS (r= -0,47) com p<0,05. DISCUSSÃO: A consistência interna foi igual a da versão original, da holandesa e brasileira. As crianças mais novas não apresentaram escores mais altos que crianças mais velhas como em outros estudos. A ausência de diferenças entre as pontuações dos TEAs e controle diverge da literatura. Sujeitos TEA mais adaptados obtém menores escores no CSBI. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo atesta a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do CSBI, assim como identifica novas evidências de validade para o uso do instrumento no BrasilINTRODUCTION: This study aims to standardize and seek new evidence of validity of the version in Portuguese of Brazil Language of the Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory - CSBI (Rossetti, 2012), in view of the need on the part of professionals working with children, resources for calculation of atypical sexual behavior, so that the assessment and intervention in this area of development are evidence-based practices. OBJECTIVE: Standardizing the version in Portuguese of CSBI and conduct an exploratory and inferential study in order to verify new psychometric properties of the instrument. METHOD: 225 mothers or guardians of children from 3 to 11 years old attended the process of standardization and reliability analysis. For the study of concurrent criterion validity type we used the same sample. The construct validity of the discriminant type study included three groups of mothers or guardians of children from 2 to 12 years old with Down Syndrome (n=24), Autistic Spectrum Disorder - ASD (n=30) and one control (n=30). After the approval by the ethics committee, the study applied the tools of research. The data analysis was descriptive and inferential through the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS: The Cronbach\'s alpha statistic for all scale = 0.79, Part 1 = 0.74 and Part 2 = 0.64. The study used the method of the Split-Half (Spearman-Brown) and Guttman = 0.63 = 0.62. The criterion validity of the concurrent type showed difference between three age groups, 3-5 years (X2 = 55.33, df = 22), 6-8 years (X2 = 58.96, df = 16) and 9 to 11 years (X2 = 72.47, df = 19) p= 0.000. The construct validity of the discriminant type with Chi Square revealed no statistically significant difference between the scores. The construct validity of the convergent / divergent revealed a correlation between the TEA total CSBI and Communication VABS (r = -0.46), total CSBI and Socialization of VABS (r = -0.43), total CSBI total and VABS (r = -0.47) with p <0.05. DISCUSSION: The internal consistency was the same as the original Dutch and Brazilian versions. In other studies the younger children did not show higher scores than older children. The absence of differences between the scores of ASDs and control diverges from the literature. TEA subject more suited obtained lower scores in CSBI. CONCLUSION: This study attests to the reliability of the Brazilian version of CSBI, as well as identify new evidence of validity for the use of the instrument in Brazi

Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory: Brazilian Adaptation and validitys evidences analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo retrata a pesquisa de tradução e adaptação transcultural do Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory - CSBI (Inventário de Comportamentos sexuais da Criança) e a investigação de evidências de validade desse instrumento para a realidade brasileira, tendo em vista a necessidade, por parte dos profissionais que atuam com crianças, de recursos para a avaliação de comportamentos sexuais atípicos que indiquem o risco de serem vítimas de abuso sexual. OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar o CSBI para o português (do Brasil), e avaliar evidências de validade da versão adaptada. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se a tradução e adaptação do CSBI em 4 fases, sendo tradução do original, reunião de consenso, back-translation e painel de juízes. A validação empírica foi realizada com 2 grupos de crianças de 2 a 12 anos de idade. O grupo clínico composto por 28 crianças com história ou suspeita de abuso sexual e o grupo controle composto por 30 crianças sem esse histórico. Para a validação empírica utilizou-se um questionário da pesquisa, a Escala de Classe Social Pelotas e o CSBI versão traduzida e adaptada. A análise dos dados foi de forma descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: Apenas 3 itens sofreram alteração no processo de tradução e back-translation e precisaram ser analisados para assegurar a validade de conteúdo. A análise de consistência interna obteve coeficiente alfa de Cronbach= 0,86. A análise discriminante da pontuação revelou diferença significativa nas médias obtidas, sendo maior para o grupo clínico (t=5,57(27) e p=0,000). A análise de variância dos pontos foi significativa para as idades {F(3,48)=2; p<0,05}, para estado civil dos responsáveis do grupo clínico {F(3,27)=4; p<0,05} e controle {F(3,66)=6; p<0,05}, e para religião dos responsáveis do grupo controle {F(4,26)=6; p<0,05}. DISCUSSÃO: O coeficiente de consistência interna da versão brasileira é semelhante ao da versão original. O poder discriminante do instrumento foi observado na versão brasileira, assim como relatado por vários autores com a versão original. Na versão brasileira realizou-se um estudo exploratório com variáveis sóciodemográficas e culturais a fim de se verificar possíveis associações com a pontuação, e os resultados obtidos atestam a validade de critério e de construto. CONCLUSÃO: Atestou-se a validade de conteúdo da versão brasileira do CSBI, que também apresentou um nível de confiabilidade satisfatório e comprovou sua validade de critério e de construtoINTRODUCTION: This article reports the survey translation and cultural adaptation of the Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory and research validitys evidence of this instrument for the Brazilian reality, bearing in mind the need, by professionals working with children of resources for the evaluation of atypical sexual behavior indicating the risk of being victims of sexual abuse. OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the CSBI to Portuguese (Brazil), and evaluate validitys evidence of the adapted version. METHODS: We carried out the translation and adaptation of CSBI in four phases, with translation of the original consensus meeting, back-translation and panel of judges. Empirical validation was performed with two groups of children aged 2 to 12 years old. The clinical group comprised 28 children with a history or suspicion of sexual abuse and the control group of 30 children with no history. For empirical validation, we used a questionnaire survey, a social class scale and CSBI Brazilian version. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential. RESULTS: Only three items were changed in the process of translation and back translation and had to be analyzed to ensure contents validity. The internal consistency analysis obtained Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.86. Discriminant analysis of scores showed significant difference in the averages, higher for the clinical group (t = 5.57 (27) and p = 0.000). Analysis of variance of the points was significant for ages {F (3,48) = 2, p <0.05}, caregivers civil status of the clinical group {F (3,27) = 4, p <0, and control F (3,66) = 6, p <0.05}, and those caregivers religion in the control group {F (4,26) = 6, p <0.05}. DISCUSSION: The internal consistencys coefficient of the Brazilian version is similar to the original version. The discriminating capacity of the instrument was observed in the Brazilian version, as reported by several authors within the original version. In the Brazilian version was held an exploratory study with sociodemographic and cultural variables in order to verify possible associations with the score, and the results attest to the criterions validity and construct validity. CONCLUSION: It testified to the content validity of the Brazilian CSBI, which also showed a satisfactory level of reliability and proved its criterion validity and construct validit

Aplicação das escalas de personalidade EFS e EFEx no contexto organizacional

The aim of this article was to investigate personality traits such as extraversion and agreeableness in professionals within organizational context, besides explore possible differences in the sex, age and job position variables. The sample consisted of 68 participants, 45.6% females and 54.4% males, aged from 16-62 years old. The Extroversion Factor Scale (Escala Fatorial de Extroversão - EFEx) and the Agreeableness Factor Scale (Escala Fatorial de Socialização - EFS) were applied. A good precision in both tests (a=0,87) was obtained and a positive correlation of 0,47 between the Agreeableness factor (EFS) with the Social Interactions factor (EFEx) was observed. On the other hand, the Pro-sociability factor (EFS) showed a negative correlation of -0,52 with the Pride factor (EFEx), both correlations with statistical signification (p<0.01). The scales demonstrated to assess correlated constructs, however, further studies are necessary in order to verify the peculiarities of these instruments within the organizational context.Este artigo teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos da personalidade denominados extroversão e socialização, em profissionais no contexto organizacional, além de explorar possíveis diferenças entre as variáveis sexo, idade e cargos exercidos. A amostra foi composta por 68 participantes, sendo 45,6% do sexo feminino e 54,4% do sexo masculino, com idades entre 16 e 62 anos. Aplicou-se a Escala Fatorial de Extroversão (EFEx) e a Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). Foi obtido nos dois instrumentos, um bom índice de precisão (a=0,87) e observou-se correlação positiva de 0,47 entre o fator Amabilidade (EFS) com o fator Interações Sociais (EFEx). Por outro lado o Fator Pró-sociabilidade (EFS) obteve correlação negativa de -0,52 com o fator Altivez (EFEx), ambas correlações estatisticamente significantes (p<0,01). As escalas demonstraram avaliar construtos relacionados, entretanto, novos estudos são necessários a fim de verificar as particularidades desses instrumentos para o contexto organizacional

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt