Componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros puros e cruzados criados no semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil.

Resumo:?Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o peso e rendimento dos componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros de diferentes grupos genéticos, Morada Nova x Morada Nova, Rabo Largo x Morada Nova e Santa Inês x Morada Nova. Foram utilizados 15 cordeiros machos, não castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 6,7 kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições em cada tratamento. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem nativa da Caatinga e ao final da tarde suplementados com volumoso e ração concentrada a base de milho, farelo de soja e calcário, com água e sal mineral à vontade. Os animais foram abatidos ao atingirem oito meses de idade, com aproximadamente 25 kg de peso vivo. Após o abate, registraram-se os pesos e rendimentos dos componentes não-carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan pelo programa estatístico SAS®. Houve efeito do grupo genético para as variáveis dos componentes não carcaça. Os cordeiros Santa Inês x Morada Nova apresentaram maior conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal quando comparado com os demais grupos genéticos. Para as variáveis coração, rins e fígado ocorreu similaridade entre os grupos Rabo Largo x Morada Nova e Santa Inês x Morada Nova. A utilização de ovelhas Morada Nova em cruzamento industrial com o uso de reprodutores Santa Inês e Rabo largo promoveu maior peso nos componentes não-carcaça dos cordeiros criados na região do semiárido nordestino. [Non-carcass components of lambs pure and crossbreed created in Northeast of Brazil]. Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the weight and yield of carcass of lambs of different genetic groups: Morada Nova x Morada Nova, Rabo Largo x Morada Nova and Santa Ines x Morada Nova. Were used fifteen lambs, not castrated, with an average live weight of 6.7 kg, in a randomized design with five replicates in each treatment. The animals were kept on native pasture Caatinga and late afternoon supplemented with forage and ration concentrate based on corn, soybean meal and limestone, with access water and mineral salt ad libitum. The animals were slaughtered to reached eight months of age, with approximately 25 kg live weight. After slaughter, were recorded the weights and yield of non-carcass components. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Duncan test by SAS® software. The lambs crossbreed Santa Ines x Morada Nova showed higher content of gastrointestinal tract when compared with the other genetic groups. For the variables, heart, kidneys and liver occurred similarity between groups Rabo Largo x Morada Nova and Santa Ines x Morada Nova. The use of Morada Nova sheep in crossbreeding with cross Santa Ines and Rabo Largo promoted higher weight in the non-carcass components of lambs created in the northeastern semi-arid region

Peso e rendimento de carcaça de cordeiros de diferentes grupos genéticos criados no semiárido brasileiro.

Resumo: Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o peso e rendimento de carcaça de cordeiros de diferentes grupos genéticos Morada Nova x Morada Nova, Rabo Largo x Morada Nova e Santa Inês x Morada Nova. Foram utilizados 15 cordeiros machos, não castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 6,7 kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições em cada tratamento. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem nativa da Caatinga e ao final da tarde suplementados com volumoso e ração concentrada a base de milho, farelo de soja e calcário, com água e sal mineral à vontade. Os animais foram abatidos ao atingirem oito meses de idade, com aproximadamente 25 kg de peso vivo. Após o abate, registraram-se os pesos e rendimentos da carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan pelo programa estatístico SAS®. Houve efeito do cruzamento para as variáveis peso vivo ao abate (PVA), peso da carcaça quente (PCQ), peso da carcaça fria (PCF) e rendimento biológico verdadeiro (RBV). Os cordeiros cruzas Rabo Largo x Morada Nova e Santa Inês x Morada apresentaram valores superiores para PVA, PCQ, PCF e RBV. Os grupos genéticos estudados proporcionam pesos de carcaça diferentes, o que denota que os mesmos podem ser usados de acordo com os objetivos dos produtores e do sistema de produção. [Weight and Yields of carcass of lambs of different genetic groups created in the Brazilian semiarid]. Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the weight and yield of carcass of lambs of different genetic groups: Morada Nova x Morada Nova, Rabo Largo x Morada Nova and Santa Ines x Morada Nova. Were used fifteen lambs, not castrated, with an average live weight of 6.7 kg, in a randomized design with five replicates in each treatment. The animals were kept on native pasture Caatinga and late afternoon supplemented with forage and ration concentrate based on corn, soybean meal and limestone, with access water and mineral salt ad libitum. The animals were slaughtered to reached eight months of age, with approximately 25 kg live weight. After slaughter, were recorded the weights and yield of carcass. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Duncan test by SAS® software. There was effect of crossing to the variables live weight at slaughter (LWS), hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW) and true biological yield (TBY). The crossbred lambs Rabo Largo x Morada Nova and Santa Ines x Morada Nova showed higher values for LWS, HCW, CCW and TBY. The genotypes utilized this research did provide weights different, which indicates that they may be used in accordance with the objectives of the producers and production system

Population Structure of Hispanics in the United States: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Using ∼60,000 SNPs selected for minimal linkage disequilibrium, we perform population structure analysis of 1,374 unrelated Hispanic individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), with self-identification corresponding to Central America (n = 93), Cuba (n = 50), the Dominican Republic (n = 203), Mexico (n = 708), Puerto Rico (n = 192), and South America (n = 111). By projection of principal components (PCs) of ancestry to samples from the HapMap phase III and the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP), we show the first two PCs quantify the Caucasian, African, and Native American origins, while the third and fourth PCs bring out an axis that aligns with known South-to-North geographic location of HGDP Native American samples and further separates MESA Mexican versus Central/South American samples along the same axis. Using k-means clustering computed from the first four PCs, we define four subgroups of the MESA Hispanic cohort that show close agreement with self-identification, labeling the clusters as primarily Dominican/Cuban, Mexican, Central/South American, and Puerto Rican. To demonstrate our recommendations for genetic analysis in the MESA Hispanic cohort, we present pooled and stratified association analysis of triglycerides for selected SNPs in the LPL and TRIB1 gene regions, previously reported in GWAS of triglycerides in Caucasians but as yet unconfirmed in Hispanic populations. We report statistically significant evidence for genetic association in both genes, and we further demonstrate the importance of considering population substructure and genetic heterogeneity in genetic association studies performed in the United States Hispanic population

Co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in COIVD-19 ICU patients: a secondary analysis of the UNITE-COVID data set

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented major challenges for critical care facilities worldwide. Infections which develop alongside or subsequent to viral pneumonitis are a challenge under sporadic and pandemic conditions; however, data have suggested that patterns of these differ between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonitides. This secondary analysis aimed to explore patterns of co-infection and intensive care unit-acquired infections (ICU-AI) and the relationship to use of corticosteroids in a large, international cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Methods: This is a multicenter, international, observational study, including adult patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to ICUs at the peak of wave one of COVID-19 (February 15th to May 15th, 2020). Data collected included investigator-assessed co-infection at ICU admission, infection acquired in ICU, infection with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) and antibiotic use. Frequencies were compared by Pearson's Chi-squared and continuous variables by Mann-Whitney U test. Propensity score matching for variables associated with ICU-acquired infection was undertaken using R library MatchIT using the "full" matching method.Results: Data were available from 4994 patients. Bacterial co-infection at admission was detected in 716 patients (14%), whilst 85% of patients received antibiotics at that stage. ICU-AI developed in 2715 (54%). The most common ICU-AI was bacterial pneumonia (44% of infections), whilst 9% of patients developed fungal pneumonia; 25% of infections involved MDRO. Patients developing infections in ICU had greater antimicrobial exposure than those without such infections. Incident density (ICU-AI per 1000 ICU days) was in considerable excess of reports from pre-pandemic surveillance. Corticosteroid use was heterogenous between ICUs. In univariate analysis, 58% of patients receiving corticosteroids and 43% of those not receiving steroids developed ICU-AI. Adjusting for potential confounders in the propensity-matched cohort, 71% of patients receiving corticosteroids developed ICU-AI vs 52% of those not receiving corticosteroids. Duration of corticosteroid therapy was also associated with development of ICU-AI and infection with an MDRO.Conclusions: In patients with severe COVID-19 in the first wave, co-infection at admission to ICU was relatively rare but antibiotic use was in substantial excess to that indication. ICU-AI were common and were significantly associated with use of corticosteroids

Clinical and organizational factors associated with mortality during the peak of first COVID-19 wave: the global UNITE-COVID study

Purpose: To accommodate the unprecedented number of critically ill patients with pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expansion of the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) to clinical areas not previously used for critical care was necessary. We describe the global burden of COVID-19 admissions and the clinical and organizational characteristics associated with outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: Multicenter, international, point prevalence study, including adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. Results: 4994 patients from 280 ICUs in 46 countries were included. Included ICUs increased their total capacity from 4931 to 7630 beds, deploying personnel from other areas. Overall, 1986 (39.8%) patients were admitted to surge capacity beds. Invasive ventilation at admission was present in 2325 (46.5%) patients and was required during ICU stay in 85.8% of patients. 60-day mortality was 33.9% (IQR across units: 20%–50%) and ICU mortality 32.7%. Older age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were associated with increased mortality. These associations were also confirmed specifically in mechanically ventilated patients. Admission to surge capacity beds was not associated with mortality, even after controlling for other factors. Conclusions: ICUs responded to the increase in COVID-19 patients by increasing bed availability and staff, admitting up to 40% of patients in surge capacity beds. Although mortality in this population was high, admission to a surge capacity bed was not associated with increased mortality. Older age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and AKI were identified as the strongest predictors of mortality

Experimental Animal Models in Periodontology: A Review

In periodontal research, animal studies are complementary to in vitro experiments prior to testing new treatments. Animal models should make possible the validation of hypotheses and prove the safety and efficacy of new regenerating approaches using biomaterials, growth factors or stem cells. A review of the literature was carried out by using electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science). Numerous animal models in different species such as rats, hamsters, rabbits, ferrets, canines and primates have been used for modeling human periodontal diseases and treatments. However, both the anatomy and physiopathology of animals are different from those of humans, making difficult the evaluation of new therapies. Experimental models have been developed in order to reproduce major periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis), their pathogenesis and to investigate new surgical techniques. The aim of this review is to define the most pertinent animal models for periodontal research depending on the hypothesis and expected results

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Abstract Main conclusion Co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were established as a biotechnological tool to evaluate the effect of nematotoxics addition in a host/parasite culture system. The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected for the first time in Europe in 1999 spreading throughout the pine forests in Portugal and recently in Spain. Plant in vitro cultures may be a useful experimental system to investigate the plant/nematode relationships in loco, thus avoiding the difficulties of field assays. In this study, Pinus pinaster in vitro cultures were established and compared to in vivo 1 year-old plantlets by analyzing shoot structure and volatiles production. In vitro co-cultures were established with the PWN and the effect of the phytoparasite on in vitro shoot structure, water content and volatiles production was evaluated. In vitro shoots showed similar structure and volatiles production to in vivo maritime pine plantlets. The first macroscopic symptoms of PWD were observed about 4 weeks after in vitro co-culture establishment. Nematode population in the culture medium increased and PWNs were detected in gaps of the callus tissue and in cavities developed from the degradation of cambial cells. In terms of volatiles main components, plantlets, P. pinaster cultures, and P. pinaster with B. xylophilus co-cultures were all b- and a-pinene rich. Cocultures may be an easy-to-handle biotechnological approach to study this pathology, envisioning the understanding of and finding ways to restrain this highly devastating nematode. Keywords Maritime pine ! Monoxenic culture ! Pinewood nematode ! Relative water content ! Shoots structure ! Volatiles Abbreviations BAP 6-Benzylaminopurine DAI Days after inoculation EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protectio