Protein Sequencing with an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm from Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In Proteomics, only the de novo peptide sequencing approach allows a partial amino acid sequence of a peptide to be found from a MS/MS spectrum. In this article a preliminary work is presented to discover a complete protein sequence from spectral data (MS and MS/MS spectra). For the moment, our approach only uses MS spectra. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been designed with a new evaluation function which works directly with a complete MS spectrum as input and not with a mass list like the other methods using this kind of data. Thus the mono isotopic peak extraction step which needs a human intervention is deleted. The goal of this approach is to discover the sequence of unknown proteins and to allow a better understanding of the differences between experimental proteins and proteins from databases

Comentarios al proceso de integración europea desde una perspectiva migratoria latinoamericana. La Unión Europea frente a los inmigrantes no comunitarios

Este artículo analiza cómo el proceso de integración de la Unión Europea, por un lado, favorece a la libre circulación de mercaderías, capitales y de ciudadanos comunitarios, bajo la perspectiva de un sistema de integración profundo, y, por otro, paulatinamente ha dejado de lado a los denominados “otros no comunitarios”, a través de las denominadas “directivas de retorno” y la implementación de medidas tendientes hacia la criminalización de la migración, lo cual refleja una vulneración a los derechos fundamentales de la población inmigrante contrariando la tendencia moderna hacia una ciudadanía universal.This article analyzes how the process of integration in the European Union, while favoring the free circulation of merchandises, capitals and community citizens, under the perspective of a deep integration process, gradually excludes non-community agents, primarily through the directive on the return of illegal immigrants and the implementation of other measures that look forward to the criminalization of migration. The study considers how these policies violate the fundamental rights of immigrants, contradicting the modern tendency towards universal citizenship

Análisis del dictamen No. 023-10-DTI-CC de la Corte Constitucional para el período de transición referente al “Tratado entre la República del Ecuador y la República Federal de Alemania sobre fomento y recíproca protección de inversiones de capital”: (Caso No. 0006-10-TI) [Jurisprudencia]

El presente trabajo analiza de manera crítica el pronunciamiento de la Corte Constitucional para el Período de Transición respecto al control constitucional de las denuncias de tratados bilaterales de inversiones de capital, tomando como caso de estudio el instrumento internacional suscrito entre Ecuador y Alemania, en el cual bajo una corriente constitucionalista, la Corte somete al crisol de la contradicción el contenido del Tratado Internacional con la normativa constitucional vigente. En aquel sentido, analizaremos cómo, a través de este polémico dictamen, se inicia una línea jurisprudencial en la que se configuran temas controversiales como el denominado control automático de constitucionalidad, y, el debate respecto a la soberanía estatal en cuanto al no sometimiento del Ecuador a arbitrajes comerciales internacionales en asuntos de índole comercial.The aim of this paper is to analyze the rulings of The Ecuadorian Constitutional Court that deals with the denunciations or withdrawals from the Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) signed by Ecuador. The article is focus on the Ruling over the Ecuadorian and German BIT, where under a constitutional approach the Court contrasted the BIT obligations with the Ecuadorian Constitution of 2008. In addition, the article explains how this controversial Rulings starts a line of precedents related with the concept of automatic constitutionality control, and contributes to the debate of the prohibition to cede sovereign jurisdiction to international arbitration venues in contractual or commercial disputes

Eficiencia energética en la construcción

Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)RESUMEN: La Eficiencia Energética ó uso eficiente de la energía plantea el desafío de seguir creciendo económicamente como país, utilizando en porcentaje una menor cantidad de energía logrando los mismos o incluso mejores resultados. El área de la construcción, como uno de los actores más importantes en el desarrollo del país, puede participar en esto involucrando a todos sus elementos con el fin de lograr edificaciones, que sean diseñadas, construidas y utilizadas bajo el concepto de optimización de la energía. Los aspectos fundamentales de esta memoria están basados en como el área de la construcción puede aportar para lograr los objetivos y desafíos que la Eficiencia Energética plantea, en ella se puede encontrar en primer lugar las principales ventajas del uso eficiente de la energía para el país, las cuales son, el aumento de la competitividad de las empresas que exportan o que compiten con importaciones, mejor calidad de vida de los grupos sociales de menor ingreso y mayor equidad en la distribución del ingreso, mayor sustentabilidad ambiental del desarrollo, generación de puestos de trabajo de alta productividad y mayor seguridad en el suministro de energía. También se puede encontrar en esta memoria una descripción general de cómo esta problemática es atacada en los países desarrollados, los cuales han adoptado hace ya algún tiempo políticas públicas tendientes no a restringir el uso de la energía, sino a fomentar su uso racional entendiendo que se trata de un bien escaso, lo que en Chile aún no ha sido entendido cabalmente por la sociedad y las autoridades.ABSTRACT: Efficiency Energetic ó efficient use of energy plant us the defiance to keep on growing economically like country, utilizing in percentage a younger quantity of energy achieving the same or even better results. The area of the construction, like one of more important actors in the development of our country, he can take part in this implicating all his elements with the end of achieving edifications, enclosure markets off by definite limits and housings that they be designed, constructed utilized under the concept of optimization of energy. The fundamental aspects of this memory are based in as the area of the construction can contribute to achieve the objectives and defiance's that Efficiency Energetic presents us, in her we can find the principal advantages of efficient use of energy in the first place for our country, which are, the increase of the competitiveness of the companies that they export or that compete against with imports, better quality of life of social groups of younger entrance and bigger equity in the distribution of income, bigger environmental sustentabilidad of development, generation of jobs of high-yield work and bigger certainty in the supply of Energy. Also we can find in this memory a general description of how this problems is tackled in developed countries, which have adopted no to restrict the use of energy annoy right now some time tending public policies, but to foment his rational use understanding that he has to do with a scarce good, which as in our the country not yet has been understood exactly by the society and an authorities

High-sensitivity staining of proteins for one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using post migration covalent staining with a ruthenium fluorophore.

This paper describes the use of a ruthenium complex ((bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-4'-methyl-4-carboxybipyridine-ruthenium-N-succidimyl ester-bis(hexafluorophosphate), abbreviated below as ASCQ_Ru) commercially available and chemically pure. This new ruthenium complex ASCQ_Ru brings an activated ester, allowing the selective acylation of amino acid side chain amines for the post migration staining of proteins separated in 1-DE and 2-DE. The protocol used is a simple three-step protocol fixing the proteins in the gel, staining and then washing, as no lengthy destaining step is required. First the critical staining step was optimized. Although in solution the best described pH for acylating proteins with this reagent is phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, we found that best medium for in-gel staining is unbuffered ACN/water solution (20/80 v/v). The two other steps are less critical and classical conditions are satisfactory: fixing with 7% acetic acid/10% ethanol solution and washing four times for 10 min with water. Sensitivity tests were performed using 1-DE on protein molecular weight markers. We obtained a higher sensitivity than SYPRO Ruby with a detection limit of 80 pg of protein per well. However, contrary to SYPRO Ruby, ASCQ_Ru exhibits a logarithmic dependency on the amount of protein. The dynamic range is similar to SYPRO Ruby and is estimated between three and four orders of magnitude. Finally, the efficiency of the post migration ASCQ_Ru staining for 2-D gel separation is demonstrated on the whole protein extract from human colon carcinoma cells lines HCT 116. ASCQ_Ru gave the highest number of spot detected compared to other common stains Colloidal CBB, SYPRO Ruby and Deep Purple

Gestión para la Reducción de Devoluciones de Producto Terminado en la Distribuidora PMA EIRL Chimbote 2017

La presente tesis titulada “Gestión para la reducción de devoluciones de producto terminado en la Distribuidora PMA EIRL Chimbote 2017”, tuvo como objetivo implementar una gestión en base a la metodología PDCA, a una población basada en la cantidad de devoluciones de producto terminado y a una muestra que está enfocada en las devoluciones del año 2017, mediante investigación tipo Pre experimental – aplicado. Las técnicas usadas fueron el análisis documental teniendo como función analizar y obtener datos verídicos brindados por la empresa, observación directa, documentos de registro de datos, cuestionarios realizados a los colaboradores para conocer el tipo de gestión y manera de trabajo que tiene la empresa. Así mismo, los instrumentos son las fichas bibliográficas, los formatos que se usó para reconocer la cantidad de devoluciones, la matriz FODA que se dio para conocer la gestión que tiene la distribuidora PMA respecto a su gestión de trabajo, diagramas como el de Pareto e Ishikawa (que permitieron determinar las causas de las devoluciones); en el diagrama de Pareto se obtuvo que el motivo con mayor devolución fue “Cerrado”, “No Pedido” y “Sin Dinero” con un monto promedio de S/.23,383.77; S/.19,211.06 y S/. 16,308.12 respectivamente. En conclusión, la gestión utilizando la metodología PDCA logró reducir las devoluciones en el mes de Mayo del 2018, obteniendo una disminución de S/. 31,180.16 respecto al promedio del 2017, es decir, se mejoró la gestión en un 33%

A novel nib-like design for microfabricated nanospray tips

AbstractWe present here novel tips for nanoelectrosray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) applications. These ionization sources have a planar geometry in the shape of a nib. Their functioning is based on a principle much akin to that of a fountain pen in that fluids are actuated by capillarity. Once a voltage is applied, an electrospray is formed at the nib tip. The nib fabrication relies on micromachining techniques using the epoxy-based negative photoresist SU-8 and a double exposure photolithographic process. Two types of nib-like sources were fabricated; they were made either conductive by metallization with a nickel layer or non-conductive but hydrophilic by covering them with a SiO2 layer. In the latter case, the HV was applied via a Pt wire inserted into the reservoir feature of the nib. The nib-like sources were tested on an ion trap mass spectrometer using Gramicidin S samples at concentrations as low as 1 μM and ionization voltages as low as 1.2 kV. We have observed a good overall stability of the spray during the tests with no marked decrease in the signal intensity even under extreme conditions

Protein Sequencing with an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm from Tandem Mass Spectrometry

International audienceIn Proteomics, only the de novo peptide sequencing approach allows a partial amino acid sequence of a peptide to be found from a MS/MS spectrum. In this article a preliminary work is presented to discover a complete protein sequence from spectral data (MS and MS/MS spectra). For the moment, our approach only uses MS spectra. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been designed with a new evaluation function which works directly with a complete MS spectrum as input and not with a mass list like the other methods using this kind of data. Thus the mono isotopic peak extraction step which needs a human intervention is deleted. The goal of this approach is to discover the sequence of unknown proteins and to allow a better understanding of the differences between experimental proteins and proteins from databases