4,437 research outputs found
Nestedness in mutualistic networks
James et al. (2012) presented simulations that apparently falsify the
analytical result by Bastolla et al. (2009), who showed that nested mutualistic
interactions decrease interspecific competition and increase biodiversity in
model ecosystems. This contradiction, however, mainly stems from the incorrect
application of formulas derived for fully connected networks to empirical,
sparse networks.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur
Cold Connections as Used by the Metalsmith and Sculptor
Metal may be joined to metal and non-metal materials by many techniques. It is my intent to discuss one group of such techniques--that of cold connections, and illustrate them with art works. Although there are many types of cold connections, this study will concentrate on the use of rivets, screws, bolts, adhesives, nails and wire as cold connectors.
A proper definition for cold connection is attachment of one piece of material to another piece of material without use of heat.
Historical reference of the uses of cold connections by prehistoric man, early civilizations of man, through modern times is included in the preface. Truly, cold connections have aided man in the conquest of his environment, providing a means for disassembly, with a possibility of reassembly for any movement of the connected objects.
As the methods of cold connection are sometimes underappreciated and overlooked for a myriad of reasons, a philosophy and a list of reasons to use cold connections is included in the introduction. One should be mindful that use of cold connections may become an end in itself--reducing the piece to possible showmanship only.
Each type of cold connection has been researched as to varieties available, historical use, advantages and disadvantages and manners of correct use in a section preceding examples of my work (text and illustrations). Observations as to the effectiveness of the chosen cold connection and other techniques used in each piece are listed at the end of each text.
I chose to investigate a limited number of cold connections. Knowing a little about several types of cold connections has been more advantageous than knowing a great deal about one type of cold connection. Resultant frustration, boredom, the lack of creative approaches to my work, and the lack of enthusiasm have not influenced my research because I have limited knowledge of each type of cold connection I chose. The ideas were plentiful and the pieces were more than just satisfactorily completed.
One could develop quite an extensive discussion on any one type of cold connection successfully. The information is easy to obtain and is quite interesting.
As technology provides new materials for mankind to join together, and new techniques and materials for joining, one will either use the existing types of cold connections, re-design them, or will develop new types to fit his needs. The extent of an investigation of the uses of cold connections by a sculptor and metalsmith appears interminable
Constitutional Foundations of the United States Navy
The article examines the attention the navy received during the debate over the ratification of the Constitution in 1787-1788.1 It rests on the normative supposition that naval personnel who have taken an oath to uphold the Constitution will have a serious interest in the organic connection between their chosen branch of military service and the document they are sworn to uphold
Field-induced transition of the magnetic ground state from A-type antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order in CsCo2Se2
We report on the magnetic properties of CsCoSe with ThCrSi
structure, which we have characterized through a series of magnetization and
neutron diffraction measurements. We find that CsCoSe2 undergoes a
phase transition to an antiferromagnetically ordered state with a N\'eel
temperature of 66 K. The nearest neighbour interactions are
ferromagnetic as observed by the positive Curie-Weiss temperature of 51.0 K. We find that the magnetic structure of CsCoSe consists
of ferromagnetic sheets, which are stacked antiferromagnetically along the
tetragonal \textit{c}-axis, generally referred to as A-type antiferromagnetic
order. The observed magnitude of the ordered magnetic moment at = 1.5 K is
found to be only 0.20(1)/Co. Already in comparably small
magnetic fields of (5K) 0.3 T, we observe a
metamagnetic transition that can be attributed to spin-rearrangements of
CsCoSe, with the moments fully ferromagnetically saturated in a
magnetic field of (5K) 6.4 T. We discuss the entire
experimentally deduced magnetic phase diagram for CsCoSe with respect
to its unconventionally weak magnetic coupling. Our study characterizes
CsCoSe, which is chemically and electronically posed closely to the
superconductors, as a host of versatile magnetic
interactions
Correlation potentials for molecular bond dissociation within the self-consistent random phase approximation
Self-consistent correlation potentials for H and LiH for various
inter-atomic separations are obtained within the random phase approximation
(RPA) of density functional theory. The RPA correlation potential shows a peak
at the bond midpoint, which is an exact feature of the true correlation
potential, but lacks another exact feature: the step important to preserve
integer charge on the atomic fragments in the dissociation limit. An analysis
of the RPA energy functional in terms of fractional charge is given which
confirms these observations. We find that the RPA misses the derivative
discontinuity at odd integer particle numbers but explicitly eliminates the
fractional spin error in the exact-exchange functional. The latter finding
explains the accurate total energy in the dissociation limit.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Chronic pain: the importance of a sex and gender-based approach to treatment
Twenty-eight million women in the United States suffer from chronic pain. 70% of patients seeking treatment for chronic pain are women, and are found to return to pain clinics thirty-two times more frequently than men. These findings indicate that women experience insuficient pain relief following intervention. Given that 80% of pain research has been conducted on men, most knowledge of pain pathways in women are extrapolations, shedding light on the ineficiencies of current treatment algorithms, and the importance of a sex and gender-based approach to chronic pain.
The biochemistry and physiology of the pain pathway, as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications used to remedy pain responses, are signifcantly different between men and women. Low-estradiol states result in a reduction in both mu-opioid receptor recruitment and basal activation, leading to significant hyperalgesia and sensitivity to chronic pain in women as compared to men. Further compounding the dichotomy between the chronic pain response is the response to analgesics. Women have lower levels of glucuronidation, higher volumes of distribution, and lower clearance of commonly administered analgesics as compared to men. Psychosocial factors such as gender roles, expectations surrounding pain, and coping strategies also determine how pain is perceived and ultimately influence how pain is treated. These findings are just beginning to shed light on the ways in which women and men respond differently in vivo to pain. However, the decision to treat women and men as separate entities with respect to pain management should not be a binary one. While patients should be treated as individuals, pre-menopausal, post-menopausal and transgender women, should all be met with an approach that takes into account the sex and gender differences that exist. Pain management physicians should take heed of these complex differences and utilize a sex and gender-based approach while managing patients.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/sexandgenderhealth/1025/thumbnail.jp
Decay dynamics of quantum dots influenced by the local density of optical states of two-dimensional photonic crystal membranes
We have performed time-resolved spectroscopy on InAs quantum dot ensembles in
photonic crystal membranes. The influence of the photonic crystal is
investigated by varying the lattice constant systematically. We observe a
strong slow down of the quantum dots' spontaneous emission rates as the
two-dimensional bandgap is tuned through their emission frequencies. The
measured band edges are in full agreement with theoretical predictions. We
characterize the multi-exponential decay curves by their mean decay time and
find enhancement of the spontaneous emission at the bandgap edges and strong
inhibition inside the bandgap in good agreement with local density of states
calculations.Comment: 9 pages (preprint), 3 figure
Female Veterans: Satisfying Patterns of Daily Activities as Defined by the Life Balance Model
This phenomenological case study explored the occupational needs and life satisfaction of one female veteran upon reintegration into civilian life. One female veteran, with 23 years of military service, participated in a semi-structured telephone interview. Results demonstrated that military service negatively impacted the participant’s social interactions, physical and mental wellbeing, and ability to cope with stressors, indicating military service posed difficulties for the participant to engage in meaningful occupations upon reintegration. Recommendations included development of occupation-based interventions using the Person Environment and Occupation framework, and further research to identify appropriate services to facilitate successful reintegration into society for female veterans
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