The Status of Handwriting Instruction and the Qualifications of Teachers of Handwriting in the Elementary and Secondary Schools of Kentucky

The major reason for this survey was to secure definite facts and opinions from superintendents, principals and teachers in elementary and secondary schools on the subject of handwriting. The information gathered gives conclusive evidence that these groups recognize the need for more and better training in this fundamental subject. The aim of the writer was to determine: The extent to which outlined courses of study in handwriting are followed. The number of special instructors in handwriting, whether part- or full-time and other subjects they teach. Whether handwriting is taught incidentally with other subjects with no formal lessons, or as a separate subject with specific training in handwriting. The number of teachers with special training in handwriting. The number of teachers qualified by teacher’s handwriting certificates. The certification of handwriting teachers from Western Kentucky State Teachers College. The number of teachers holding student certificates in handwriting. The methods of handwriting taught in both the elementary and secondary grades. The number of handwriting supervisors, whether part- or full-time, and other subjects handled. The time devoted to handwriting in years, weeks, days per week, and the length of class period in both elementary and secondary levels. The number of units given for handwriting in high school toward graduation. The requirement for handwriting in high schools. Handwriting facilities – Manuals, scales, charts, alphabetic wall strips, and blackboard instruction. General information – The number of years that handwriting has been established in Kentucky schools; if handwriting will be taught during the year 1936-1937; and if school officials think handwriting should have a definite place in the curriculum as a fundamental subject

INVESTIGATION OF USAGE OF VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DATA WITHIN A WATER DISTRIBUTION LAB MODEL FOR CALIBRATING HYDRAULIC MODELS

Water distribution modeling for hydraulics and water quality is an important tool for managing system performance of water utilities. An important component of a water distribution model is the calibration of a network model with field data in the real world system. The calibration effort requires a protocol or selection criteria for the location of field measurements that best support the calibration effort. A water distribution model was constructed at the University of Kentucky hydraulics lab for the purpose of investigating the performance of water distribution models. The lab model contains numerous hydraulic (pressure, flows) and water quality (concentrations) sensors for measuring system characteristics. This research work utilizes the lab model to compare hydraulic calibration using pressure heads from hydraulic data, velocities from water quality data, and combinations of both as the basis of calibration. It also presents an example of a small experimental system where velocity data as a basis for a calibration effort and pressure based data as a basis doesn’t converge to the same solution. The results of the research demonstrate the necessity of using both velocity & pressure data for hydraulic calibration to avoid compensating errors

Biological and chemical control of target spot of float-grown dark fire-cured tobacco seddlings

Tobacco is an important crop in Tennessee and the Southeastern United States. Farmers received $34 million in revenue in 1991 from dark tobacco alone. Increasingly, tobacco seedlings are produced in float beds in the greenhouse. Float beds have several advantages over conventional seed beds; however, conditions in the greenhouse are often conducive to the spread of plant disease. Target spot (Rhizoctonia leaf spot) is a recently-described disease of float-grown tobacco and is caused by the soilborne fungus Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph Rhizoctonia solani). In Tennessee, significant losses in tobacco transplants grown in float systems have resulted from target spot. There also has been an increase in the number of reports of target spot on field plants, which may be related to the increase in production of transplants by the float system. Currently there are no control measures recommended for target spot on float plants except for proper sanitation and cultural practices. In this study the effect of four chemicals and four biological control agents for control of target spot on two dark-fire tobacco cultivars (DF485 and TR Madole), planted by direct-seeding or seeding-and-transfering, was evaluated. In 1993, one biological control agent, Bacillus sp. strain BA55, and two fungicides, fluazinam, and Dithane®, applied as foliar sprays, provided substantial control of target spot on cultivars DF485 and TR Madole, across both planting methods. In 1994, several biologicals and chemicals were tested for control of target spot on direct-seeded plants of cultivars DF485 and TR Madole. Three fungicides, two formulations of fluazinam, and Dithane® significantly reduced target spot severity on both cultivars. The fungicide dimethomorph and the biological Bacillus sp. BA55 provided control only on one cultivar, DF485. Another fungicide, Rovral, also provided control of target spot; however, phytotoxicity was observed also in both years. In 1993, direct-seeded plants of both dark-fire cultivars treated with BA55 and fluazinam, or receiving no treatment, were transplanted to the field and evaluated for further development of target spot, and the effect of disease control treatment on crop index, grade index, yield, and revenue. Environmental conditions were not conducive for further target spot development in 1993. In general, cultivar DF485 yielded more pounds per acre than TR Madole. Across both cultivars, there were no differences in crop index, grade index, yield, and revenue in plants treated with BA55 or fluazinam, or untreated. The effects of host age, cultivar, and BA55 on target spot severity was studied also. Across five age groups, ranging from 2 to 6 wk, BA55 significantly controlled target spot. The seedlings treated at two weeks had significantly less target spot than the other age groups. The effect of fluazinam concentration on target spot severity was studied also. Different concentrations of fluazinam, ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm, were applied weekly as foliar sprays to seed-and-transfer tobacco seedlings. Fluazinam concentration had no effect on percent diseased foliage due to low disease pressure. Based on the results from these experiments, fluazinam and Dithane® are potential candidates for control of target spot in float beds. The biological agent, BA55, has potential as for controlling target spot if the consistency of its performance can be improved. A leaf disk assay was designed to prescreen bacteria for biocontrol of target spot. One hundred forty-three bacterial isolates from long-term tobacco field soils were tested in this assay. Inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani was placed on sterile, moistened Terralite™ horticultural mix in multi-well tissue culture plates. Disks (12 mm) were cut with a cork borer from newly emerged tobacco leaves, surface-sterilized, dipped into bacterial suspensions, and placed in the tissue culture wells. The prescreening assay was optimized for several parameters including form and age of R. solani inoculum, and length of assay incubation time. Using Bacillus sp. BA55 as a test organism, growth medium and incubation time for the bacterial test strains were optimized also. The optimized assay consisted of oat inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani placed on the surface of the Terralite™, and incubated for 1 day. Bacillus sp. BA55 was grown for 2 days in Nutrient Broth Yeast Extract (NBY). The 143 bacteria isolated from tobacco field soils at Greeneville, TN, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit colonization of R. solani on tobacco leaf disks. Bacillus isolates BA22, BA27, BA93, BA122, and BA139 significantly reduced colonization of the leaf disks by R. solani compared to a sterile Tween-20 control. All isolates were tested also with in vitro antibiosis assays against Geotrichum candidum, a nonpathogenic soil fungus, and Rhizoctonia solani. Bacteria were spotted onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and NBY plates, and oversprayed with G. candidum. Five isolates (BA27, BA29, BA57, BA83, and BA125) produced inhibition zones against G. candidum ≥ 5 mm on PDA while 12 isolates (BA8, BA27, BA28, BA29, BA40, BA44, BA91, BA95, BA96, BA118, BA120, BA121) produced similar results on NBY. In the inhibition assay against R. solani, each bacterium was streaked also across the center of three NBY plates, and two agar plugs of 2-wk-old R. solani were placed on either side of the streak. Eight isolates (BA4, BAB, BA19, BA27, BA29, BA58, BA96, BA111) substantially inhibited R. solani (inhibition zone ≥ 5 mm)

S.R. No 136 -- Requesting that the Heeia Fish Pond Are Be Reclassified Conservation

statement to kenneth f brown and the senate committee on ecology, environment and recreation regarding the senate reolution 13

Causes and implications of socio-ecomic differentiation in residential energy efficiency retrofitting.

Analysis of fuel expenditure statistics indicates that for the majority of householders, more fuel efficient homes can explain approximately 15% of fuel demand changes between 2002 and 2008. The analysis suggests that other factors, such as rising fuel costs and warmer winters, account for vast majority of the demand changes during this period. But in upper quartile income households, any demand reduction brought about by energy efficiency was undetectable against the changes caused by price and temperature variations. This thesis provides evidence of disproportionately low insulation retro-fitting rates in upper quartile income homes and suggests two predominant causes. Firstly, approximately 95% of upper quartile income householders were ineligible for retro-fit assistance from the state agencies and secondly, the relative value of energy efficiency is less in the most affluent households, because the proportion of income spent on fuel tends to decline as incomes rise. Fuel expenditure statistics indicate that the household fuel demand reductions delivered by greater household energy efficiency between 2002 and 2008 would have been approximately 30% greater if the most affluent households had retro-fitted basic energy efficiency measures at similar rates to their lower income neighbours. Household surveys in two affluent districts support one of the principal findings from the study of fuel expenditure statistics, that energy efficiency tends to be less valuable to affluent households, which tends to make the fuel rich, collectively, more apathetic towards energy efficiency. However when motivational barriers are removed, the fuel rich tend to accept energy efficiency retro-fits in disproportionately large numbers. The thesis concludes that effective household emission reduction programmes need policies which also stimulate greater energy efficiency by increasing the value of energy efficiency, particularly in affluent homes

ISU Faculty String Quartet

Centennial Lecture Hall January 10, 1968 8:15p.m