40 research outputs found
Predicting Crime Using Spatial Features
Our study aims to build a machine learning model for crime prediction using
geospatial features for different categories of crime. The reverse geocoding
technique is applied to retrieve open street map (OSM) spatial data. This study
also proposes finding hotpoints extracted from crime hotspots area found by
Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise
(HDBSCAN). A spatial distance feature is then computed based on the position of
different hotpoints for various types of crime and this value is used as a
feature for classifiers. We test the engineered features in crime data from
Royal Canadian Mounted Police of Halifax, NS. We observed a significant
performance improvement in crime prediction using the new generated spatial
features.Comment: Paper accepted to 31st Canadian Conference in Artificial
Intelligence, 201
Data-driven prediction of vortex-induced vibration response of marine risers subjected to three-dimensional current
Slender marine structures such as deep-water marine risers are subjected to
currents and will normally experience Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV), which
can cause fast accumulation of fatigue damage. The ocean current is often
three-dimensional (3D), i.e., the direction and magnitude of the current vary
throughout the water column. Today, semi-empirical tools are used by the
industry to predict VIV induced fatigue on risers. The load model and
hydrodynamic parameters in present VIV prediction tools are developed based on
two-dimensional (2D) flow conditions, as it is challenging to consider the
effect of 3D flow along the risers. Accordingly, the current profiles must be
purposely made 2D during the design process, which leads to significant
uncertainty in the prediction results. Further, due to the limitations in the
laboratory, VIV model tests are mostly carried out under 2D flow conditions and
thus little experimental data exist to document VIV response of riser subjected
to varying directions of the current. However, a few experiments have been
conducted with 3D current. We have used results from one of these experiments
to investigate how well 1) traditional and 2) an alternative method based on a
data driven prediction can describe VIV in 3D currents. Data driven modelling
is particularly suited for complicated problems with many parameters and
non-linear relationships. We have applied a data clustering algorithm to the
experimental 3D flow data in order to identify measurable parameters that can
influence responses. The riser responses are grouped based on their statistical
characteristics, which relate to the direction of the flow. Furthermore we fit
a random forest regression model to the measured VIV response and compare its
performance with the predictions of existing VIV prediction tools (VIVANA-FD).Comment: 12 pages, presented at Norwegian AI Society Symposium 2019, accepted
for publication in Springer Conference Proceeding
Real-time Dynamic Object Detection for Autonomous Driving using Prior 3D-Maps
International audienceLidar has become an essential sensor for autonomous driving as it provides reliable depth estimation. Lidar is also the primary sensor used in building 3D maps which can be used even in the case of low-cost systems which do not use Lidar. Computation on Lidar point clouds is intensive as it requires processing of millions of points per second. Additionally there are many subsequent tasks such as clustering, detection, tracking and classification which makes real-time execution challenging. In this paper, we discuss real-time dynamic object detection algorithms which leverages previously mapped Lidar point clouds to reduce processing. The prior 3D maps provide a static background model and we formulate dynamic object detection as a background subtraction problem. Computation and modeling challenges in the mapping and online execution pipeline are described. We propose a rejection cascade architecture to subtract road regions and other 3D regions separately. We implemented an initial version of our proposed algorithm and evaluated the accuracy on CARLA simulator
A deep learning approach for intelligent cockpits: learning drivers routines
Nowadays an increasing number of vehicles are being equipped with powerful cockpit systems capable of collecting drivers’ footprints over time. The collection of this valuable data opens effective opportunities for routine prediction. With the growing ability of vehicles to collect spatial and temporal information solving the routine prediction problem becomes crucial and feasible. It is then extremely important to advance and take advantage of the capabilities of these cockpit systems. A vehicle that is capable of predicting the next destination of the driver and when the driver intends to leave to that destination can prepare the journey in advance. Previous studies tackling the next location prediction problem have made use of Traditional Markov models, Neural Networks, Dynamic models, among others. In this work, a framework based on the hierarchical density-based clustering algorithm followed by a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is proposed for spatial-temporal prediction of drivers’ routines. Based on real-life driving scenarios of three different users, the proposed approach achieved a test set accuracy of 96.20%, 90.23%, and 86.40% when predicting the next destination and a R2 Score of 93.69, 79.21, and 28.81 when predicting the departure time, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed architecture can be implemented on the vehicle cockpit for the assistance of the management of future trips.Programme (COMPETE 2020) and national funds, through the ADI Project Bosch & UMinho “Easy Ride: Experience is everything” , ref POCI-01-0247 FEDER-039334FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020 and UIDB/00013/2020
Spatial correlations in attribute communities
Community detection is an important tool for exploring and classifying the
properties of large complex networks and should be of great help for spatial
networks. Indeed, in addition to their location, nodes in spatial networks can
have attributes such as the language for individuals, or any other
socio-economical feature that we would like to identify in communities. We
discuss in this paper a crucial aspect which was not considered in previous
studies which is the possible existence of correlations between space and
attributes. Introducing a simple toy model in which both space and node
attributes are considered, we discuss the effect of space-attribute
correlations on the results of various community detection methods proposed for
spatial networks in this paper and in previous studies. When space is
irrelevant, our model is equivalent to the stochastic block model which has
been shown to display a detectability-non detectability transition. In the
regime where space dominates the link formation process, most methods can fail
to recover the communities, an effect which is particularly marked when
space-attributes correlations are strong. In this latter case, community
detection methods which remove the spatial component of the network can miss a
large part of the community structure and can lead to incorrect results.Comment: 10 pages and 7 figure
Interlog protein network: an evolutionary benchmark of protein interaction networks for the evaluation of clustering algorithms
Hierarchical fuzzy relational models: Linguistic interpretation and universal approximation
Hierarchical fuzzy structures composed of a series of sub-models connected in cascade have been found to be effective tools for dealing with the dimensionality problem in fuzzy systems. This paper addresses both the issues of linguistic interpretation and universal approximation of systems using hierarchical fuzzy models. Fuzzy relational equations are used to implement the sub-models of a hierarchical structure that has two very important properties: i) it can be converted into a completely equivalent nonhierarchical model, which in turn allows the extraction of linguistic knowledge in the form of consistent fuzzy IF-THEN rules; and ii) it is a universal approximator. These properties are analytically derived and the proposed model is illustrated by means of an example.14344645
Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models in the Framework of Orthonormal Basis Functions
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)An approach to obtain Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models of nonlinear dynamic systems using the framework of orthonormal basis functions (OBFs) is presented in this paper. This approach is based on an architecture in which local linear models with ladder-structured generalized OBFs (GOBFs) constitute the fuzzy rule consequents and the outputs of the corresponding GOBF filters are input variables for the rule antecedents. The resulting GOBF-TS model is characterized by having only real-valued parameters that do not depend on any user specification about particular types of functions to be used in the orthonormal basis. The fuzzy rules of the model are initially obtained by means of a well-known technique based on fuzzy clustering and least squares. Those rules are then simplified, and the model parameters (GOBF poles, GOBF expansion coefficients, and fuzzy membership functions) are subsequently adjusted by using a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The exact gradients of an error functional with respect to the parameters to be optimized are computed analytically. Those gradients provide exact search directions for the optimization process, which relies solely on input-output data measured from the system to be modeled. An example is presented to illustrate the performance of this approach in the modeling of a complex nonlinear dynamic system.433858870Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP