In vitro biocompatibility of nickel-titanium esthetic orthodontic archwires

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxicity of nickel-titanium (NiTi) esthetic orthodontic archwires with different surface coatings. Materials and Methods: Three fully coated, tooth-colored NiTi wires (BioCosmetic, Titanol Cosmetic, EverWhite), two ion-implanted wires (TMA Purple, Sentalloy High Aesthetic), five uncoated NiTi wires (BioStarter, BioTorque, Titanol Superelastic, Memory Wire Superelastic, and Sentalloy), one b-titanium wire (TMA), and one stainless steel wire (Stainless Steel) were considered for this study. The wire samples were placed at 37uC in airtight test tubes containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (0.1 mg/mL) for 1, 7, 14, and 30 days. The cell viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured with this medium was assessed by the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by a twoway analysis of variance (a 5 .05). Results: The highest cytotoxic effect was reached on day 30 for all samples. The archwires exhibited a cytotoxicity on HGFs ranging from “none” to “slight,” with the exception of the BioTorque, which resulted in moderate cytotoxicity on day 30. Significant differences were found between esthetic archwires and their uncoated pairs only for BioCosmetic (P 5 .001) and EverWhite (P , .001). Conclusions: Under the experimental conditions, all of the NiTi esthetic archwires resulted in slight cytotoxicity, as did the respective uncoated wires. For this reason their clinical use may be considered to have similar risks to the uncoated archwires. (Angle Orthod. 0000;00:000–000.

Preliminary Evidence of Efficacy, Safety, and Treatment Satisfaction with Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment: A Clinical Perspective on Actinic Keratoses

background: actinic keratosis is a common precancerous skin lesion that can progress into invasive squamous cell carcinomas. many topical treatments for actinic keratoses often have poor tolerability and prolonged duration. Tirbanibulin is a novel synthetic drug with potent antitumor and antiproliferative activities. methods: we conducted a single-center, prospective and observational study using tirbanibulin ointment on a 25 cm2 area for 5 consecutive days on 30 participants with AKs on the face or scalp. They were followed for at least 57 days to assess the safety profile and efficacy of the drug as well as treatment satisfaction. we evaluated six signs of local skin reaction (LSR): erythema, scaling, crusting, swelling, blisters/pustules, and erosions/ulcerations, grading the severity as mild, moderate, or severe. The effectiveness was evaluated both clinically and dermoscopically. the treatment satisfaction was assessed using the treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medication (TSQM 1.4). results: on day 57, 70% of the patients showed a complete clinical and dermoscopic response. The highest scores obtained from the TSQM 1.4 were more evident in the convenience and side effects domains. most LSRs, including erythema (83.3%), scaling (30%), and swelling (3.3%), occurred on day 8 but resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: Tirbanibulin is a viable therapeutic option with a short regimen treatment and good tolerability, which favors therapy adherence

New national and regional Annex I Habitat records: from #83 to #101

New Italian data on the distribution of 17 Annex I Habitats are reported in this contribution. Specifically, 11 new occurrences in Natura 2000 sites are presented and 30 new cells are added in the EEA 10 km × 10 km reference grid. The new data refer to the Italian administrative regions of Apulia, Campania, Calabria, Lazio, Sardinia, Sicily and Tuscany

BIOCOMPATIBILITà DEI MATERIALI DENTARI

I composti dentari in resina sono biomateriali usati per il ristoro estetico di strutture e funzioni di denti compromessi da carie, erosioni e fratture. Di conseguenza, sono disponibili diversi materiali resinosi, ma nonostante varie modifiche nella formulazione, la composizione chimica delle resine composite comprende particelle inorganiche, e additivi che vengono incorporati in una matrice di resina organica. La matrice organica è spesso composta da diversi tipi di monomeri e quelli più impiegati sono il 2-idrossietil metacrilato (HEMA) e il trietilenglicol-dimetacrilato (TEGDMA). Precedenti studi in vitro hanno dimostrato che questi monomeri possono causare significative alterazioni del normale processo di differenziazione dei fibroblasti pulpari in odontoblasti. La citotossicità dei monomeri potrebbe essere causata da una perdita dell’equilibrio redox cellulare pro- e antiossidante con conseguente aumento dei livelli di ROS. È noto però che esistono molecole come N-Acetilcisteina (NAC), in grado di ridurre gli effetti negativi e di aumentare gli effetti vantaggiosi dei materiali dentari. Alcuni studi in vitro sulla biocompatibilità dei materiali dentali riportano che la quantità di sostanze rilasciate da RBM potrebbe dipendere dal mezzo di estrazione. Per tanto lo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di valutare, partendo dall'ipotesi che solventi come DMSO e EtOH possono influenzare la citotossicità cellulare e l’azione dei monomeri, come varia sia la concentrazione attiva del TEGDMA nel terreno di coltura cellulare sia la citotossicità e i livelli di produzione di ROS. Inoltre, poiché il TEGDMA contiene la stessa identica porzione metacrilica della molecola di HEMA, abbiamo ipotizzato che anch’esso potrebbe legarsi covalentemente al NAC con la conseguente formazione di addotti NAC-TEGDMA, i quali potrebbero contribuire a mitigare gli effetti tossici del monomero stesso. Infine, alla luce del fatto che gli adesivi dentali contengono monomeri come HEMA, tranne per alcuni nuovi adesivi three-step etch&rinse e one-step che sono liberi da HEMA, e che ogni componente di un sistema adesivo ha in qualche misura un effetto specifico sulla forza di adesione, resistenza, durata di conservazione e biocompatibilità, abbiamo voluto confrontare gli adesivi Hema-Free con un adesivo contenente il monomero, per valutarne la citotossicità, la vitalità cellulare e la produzione di ROS

Effects of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide on solubility and cytotoxicity of the resin monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

Several in vitro studies have reported contrasting values for triethylene glycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) concentrations shown to induce cytotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effective concentrations of TEGDMA reached under the routine experimental conditions used in biocompatibility in vitro tests and determines changes in cytotoxicity and the associated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on different TEGDMA solutions. TEGDMA was added to cell culture medium either directly or previously dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ethanol (EtOH), both in the presence and absence of cells. Intracellular and extracellular TEGDMA concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxicity effects of TEGDMA preparations were determined in 3T3-fibroblasts by 3-(4,5 dimethyiazol-2-1)-2-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The production of ROS was measured by flow cytometry. In the absence of cells the effective final TEGDMA concentrations obtained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium were significantly lower than the nominal one. When 2 mmol/L TEGDMA was first solubilized in DMSO or EtOH, a significant decrease in cell viability, and an increase in ROS production-compared to pure TEGDMA-was observed. After 2 h of incubation, TEGDMA previously dissolved in DMSO or ETOH was reduced by 15% and 20%, respectively, whereas otherwise it remained unaffected. Our results demonstrate that the effective concentration of TEGDMA dissolved in culture medium (in the presence or absence of solvents) does not concur with the nominal one. Therefore, the presence of the utilized solvents does not substantially alter the monomer solubility but eases its entrance into the cells thus improving its cytotoxic potency

Polyacrylic resins regulate transcriptional control of interleukin-6, gp80, and gp130 genes in human gingival fibroblasts

Studies have failed to identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of methacrylate resins, which are important in the biocompatibility of dental materials. Interleukin (IL)-6 has a crucial role in the control of acute-phase protein response during inflammation. In humans, the synthesis and release of two major acute-phase proteins, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, are regulated by IL-6. This study focused on IL-6 and activation of its receptors gp80 and gp130 in human gingival fibroblasts in order to assess the effects of the commercial acid resins Jet Kit, Unifast, and Duralay on control of inflammation