Análisis espacio-temporal del manto de nieve en el Pirineo occidental aragonés mediante imágenes Landsat

El trabajo tiene por objeto la obtención de cartografía de la superficie de nieve en el sector occidental del Pirineo Aragonés a partir de las imágenes de los satélites Landsat y mediante el cálculo del Índice de Diferencia Normalizada de Nieve. La metodología aplicada contempla la doble dimensión espacio-temporal en el análisis de las imágenes satélite e incorpora información auxiliar en un contexto de análisis SIG. Todo ello permite i) hacer una aproximación a las variaciones espaciales de la distribución intra-anual; ii) caracterizar la influencia de algunos factores estructurales que afectan a su distribución, como son la altitud, las pendientes, la orientación y la ocupación del suelo; iii) establecer una tipología de situaciones en función del momento del año y los factores estructurales; y iv) analizar con mayor detalle el sector del flysch

El empleo de imágenes Landsat TM para la detección y cartografía de áreas incendiadas en el Prepirineo occidental oscense

A methodology for deteccion of surfaces affected by forest fires by using Landsat TM images is shown in this paper. The site of the study is based in the western Pyrennes of Huesca (Aragón) where often ocurr. The use of this kind of information can help in detecting damages caused by these events suporting traditional methods.En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para la detección de superficies afectadas por fuegos forestales mediante el empleo de imágenes Landsat TM. EL ensayo se ha realizado en el Prepirineo occidental oscense, área especialrnente afectada por los incendios forestales. La utilización de este tipo de información puede colaborar en las tareas de detección de daños causadas por estas perturbaciones apoyando activamente los métodos tradicionales

Identificación temprana de cultivos mediante tele-detección en apoyo a la implementación de la PAC en “Riegos del Alto Aragón”

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la identificación temprana de cultivos de regadío mediante tratamiento digital de imágenes de teledetección, Landsat 8 OLI, y análisis espacial SIG, para su implementación en la Política Agraria Común. La metodología aplicada ha permitido obtener i) la caracterización espectral de los cultivos de regadío más extendidos en la Comunidad General de “Riegos del Alto Aragón”, utilizando la información espectral derivada de las imágenes, el índice de vegetación NDVI y el eje de Humedad de Tasseled Cap; ii) el desarrollo de un proceso de clasificación supervisada, utilizando los datos de la inspecciones PAC 2015 como áreas de entrenamiento y verificación; iii) el conocimiento de las limitaciones a tener en cuenta en la implementación de la información obtenida en las revisiones de la PAC; y iv) la evaluación del cumplimiento por parte de los solicitantes de una de las obligaciones -la diversificación de cultivos- para recibir el pago de las ayudas PAC

Apuntes sobre los efectos de los incendios forestales y restauración ambiental de área quemadas. Estado de la cuestión y principios generales

The incidence of wildfires on Mediterranean ecosystems -as aresult of the increase of the number of fires and the burned area- has become one of the most important environmental problems in the recent decades. Fire affects soil characteristics, vegetation, wildlife, morphogenetic processes, landscapes and human activities. Once the disturbance occurred, the burned areas require restoration strategies supported by an integrated analysis of the territory in terms of physical and human aspects, and especially in the interaction of them. This paper presents a brief state of the art and reviews some general principles concerning integral restoration of burned areas for which there is consensus in the literature.La incidencia de los incendios forestales en los ecosistemasmediterráneos, como consecuencia del incremento del número de fuegosy de la superficie quemada, se ha convertido en uno de los problemasambientales de mayor intensidad en las últimas décadas.Alteraciones en los suelos, en la vegetación y en la fauna, en los procesosmorfogenéticos, en los paisajes y en las actividades de la poblaciónconstituyen las principales consecuencias del fuego. Los espacios quemadosdemandan, tras la perturbación ocurrida, un proceso de restauraciónapoyado en un análisis integrado del territorio, tanto en susaspectos físicos, humanos, como especialmente en la interrelación deambos. En el presente artículo se aborda un breve estado de la cuestióny se presentan algunos principios generales respecto de los que existeconsenso en la bibliografía especializada

Estimación del potencial energético de los pinares de la provincia de Teruel mediante teledetección

The use of forest residual biomass for energy production shows many environmental and socio-economic benefits. However, the lack of a methodology to assess the regional-scale quantity of residual biomass is one of the main factors that hamper the increase in the use of this renewable resource in Spain. The present work shows a methodology to evaluate the forest residual biomass present in the pine forest of Teruel province (Spain) relating data of this biomass fraction calculated in the 1994 forest inventory with a Landsat image selected on the basis of its temporal coincidence with the inventory fieldwork. In order to avoid the influence that the heterogeneity of Mediterranean forest leads in the performance of predictive models, three different methods to extract the radiometric data are tested. The regression models derived were validated and the best equation was applied to a recent Landsat image. As a result, the potential quantity of this resource (5.449.252 tons)and an accurate distribution cartography of Teruel province were obtained.El aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa residual forestalpresenta múltiples beneficios medioambientales y socioeconómicos;sin embargo, la falta de una metodología para estimar la cantidad presentea escala regional es una de las razones que impiden la mayor utilizaciónde este recurso renovable en España. El presente trabajo presentauna metodología para evaluar la biomasa residual de los pinaresde la provincia de Teruel (España) relacionando datos de esta fracciónde biomasa calculados sobre parcelas de inventario forestal de 1994 conuna imagen Landsat coetánea a las labores de campo del inventario.Para evitar la influencia que la heterogeneidad de los medios forestalesmediterráneos tiene en el ajuste de modelos de regresión, se ensayantres métodos distintos de extracción de la información espectral. Unavez validadas las ecuaciones obtenidas con estos tres métodos, la mejores aplicada sobre una imagen Landsat más reciente. Se obtiene así lacantidad potencial de este recurso (5.449.252 tons) y cartografía precisasobre su distribución en el territorio turolense

Factores ambientales que controlan la producción de escorrentía y sedimento en el matorral semiárido del sector central de la depresión del Ebro (bajo valle del Gállego, Zaragoza). El papel de la pedregosidad, la vegetación y el suelo

An interpretation of the soil hydromorphological behaviour in the semi-arid central sector of the Ebro Depression is presented. 25 different simulations of rain in microenvironments with various environmental factors such as vegetation cover, stone density or previous soil moisture have been carried out on a hillside covered by scrubs and subjected to occasional grazing. From a statistical analysis of the results, the influence of the various environmental factors in the hydromorphological behaviour of the semi-arid scrub has been evaluated.Se presenta una interpretación del comportamiento hidromorfológico del suelo en el sector central semiárido de la Depresión del Ebro. Se han realizado 25 simulaciones de lluvia en microambientes diferenciados por factores ambientales tales como la pedregosidad, la vegetación o la humedad edáfica. Estas simulaciones se han llevado a cabo en una ladera cubierta por matorral y sometida a pastoreo ocasional. A partir de un análisis estadístico de los resultados obtenidos se ha evaluado el papel estos factores ambientales en el comportamiento hidromorfológico del matorral semiárido

Large-scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region

Quantifying space use and segregation, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting them, is crucial to increase our knowledge of species-specific movement ecology and to design effective management and conservation measures. This is particularly relevant in the case of species that are highly mobile and dependent on sparse and unpredictable trophic resources, such as vultures. Here, we used the GPS-tagged data of 127 adult Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus captured at five different breeding regions in Spain to describe the movement patterns (home-range size and fidelity, and monthly cumulative distance). We also examined how individual sex, season, and breeding region determined the cumulative distance traveled and the size and overlap between consecutive monthly home-ranges. Overall, Griffon Vultures exhibited very large annual home-range sizes of 5027 ± 2123 km2, mean monthly cumulative distances of 1776 ± 1497 km, and showed a monthly home-range fidelity of 67.8 ± 25.5%. However, individuals from northern breeding regions showed smaller home-ranges and traveled shorter monthly distances than those from southern ones. In all cases, home-ranges were larger in spring and summer than in winter and autumn, which could be related to difference in flying conditions and food requirements associated with reproduction. Moreover, females showed larger home-ranges and less monthly fidelity than males, indicating that the latter tended to use the similar areas throughout the year. Overall, our results indicate that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors modulate the home-range of the Griffon Vulture and that spatial segregation depends on sex and season at the individual level, without relevant differences between breeding regions in individual site fidelity. These results have important implications for conservation, such as identifying key threat factors necessary to improve management actions and policy decisions.his research was funded by Comunidad de Bardenas Reales de Navarra, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and EU/FEDER (PID2020-113808RA-I00, PID2019-109685GB-I00, RTI2018-099609-B-C22, CGL2012-32544, CGL2015-66966-C2-1-2-R, and CGL2015-66966-C2-1-R2); Junta de Andalucía (RNM-1925 and P18-RT-1321); FEDER_2021.1524 and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and ERDF (RTI2018-099609-B-C21, TRASCAR); and Poctefa Interreg Project (EFA 089/15 Ecogyp). Part of this work was funded by Ecotone telemetry (Poland). J.M.P.G. was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities postdoctoral contract (IJC-2019-038968). E.A. was supported by the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund (APOSTD/2021). ACA was supported by two Postdoc Contracts: I + D + I Retos E-41-202_0456599 and EMERGIA Program2021_1073, both from Junta de Andalucía.Peer reviewe

EoE CONNECT, the European Registry of Clinical, Environmental, and Genetic Determinants in Eosinophilic Esophagitis:rationale, design, and study protocol of a large-scale epidemiological study in Europe

BACKGROUND: The growing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) represents a considerable burden to patients and health care systems. Optimizing cost-effective management and identifying mechanisms for disease onset and progression are required. However, the paucity of large patient cohorts and heterogeneity of practice hinder the defining of optimal management of EoE. METHODS: EoE CONNECT is an ongoing, prospective registry study initiated in 2016 and currently managed by EUREOS, the European Consortium for Eosinophilic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Patients are managed and treated by their responsible specialists independently. Data recorded using a web-based system include demographic and clinical variables; patient allergies; environmental, intrapartum, and early life exposures; and family background. Symptoms are structurally assessed at every visit; endoscopic features and histological findings are recorded for each examination. Prospective treatment data are registered sequentially, with new sequences created each time a different treatment (active principle, formulation, or dose) is administered to a patient. EoE CONNECT database is actively monitored to ensure the highest data accuracy and the highest scientific and ethical standards. RESULTS: EoE CONNECT is currently being conducted at 39 centers in Europe and enrolls patients of all ages with EoE. In its aim to increase knowledge, to date EoE CONNECT has provided evidence on the effectiveness of first- and second-line therapies for EoE in clinical practice, the ability of proton pump inhibitors to induce disease remission, and factors associated with improved response. Drug effects to reverse fibrous remodeling and endoscopic features of fibrosis in EoE have also been assessed. CONCLUSION: This prospective registry study will provide important information on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of EoE and evidence as to the real-world and long-term effectiveness and safety of therapy. These data will potentially be a vital benchmark for planning future EoE health care services in Europe

31 visiones actuales de la transparencia

Treinta y una aportaciones de autores nacionales y extranjeros sobre la transparencia de las instituciones públicas y de los sujetos obligados por la Ley 19/2013 de 9 de diciembre y el derecho de acceso a la información pública

Accurate and timely diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis improves over time in Europe. An analysis of the EoE CONNECT Registry

BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to clinical practice guidelines for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been described and the diagnostic delay of the disease continues to be unacceptable in many settings. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of improved knowledge provided by the successive international clinical practice guidelines on reducing diagnostic delay and improving the diagnostic process for European patients with EoE. METHODS: Cross‐sectional analysis of the EoE CONNECT registry based on clinical practice. Time periods defined by the publication dates of four major sets of guidelines over 10 years were considered. Patients were grouped per time period according to date of symptom onset. RESULTS: Data from 1,132 patients was analyzed and median (IQR) diagnostic delay in the whole series was 2.1 (0.7‐6.2) years. This gradually decreased over time with subsequent release of new guidelines (p < 0.001), from 12.7 years up to 2007 to 0.7 years after 2017. The proportion of patients with stricturing of mixed phenotypes at the point of EoE diagnosis also decreased over time (41.3% vs. 16%; p < 0.001), as did EREFS scores. The fibrotic sub‐score decreased from a median (IQR) of 2 (1‐2) to 0 (0‐1) when patients whose symptoms started up to 2007 and after 2017 were compared (p < 0.001). In parallel, symptoms measured with the Dysphagia Symptoms Score reduced significantly when patients with symptoms starting before 2007 and after 2012 were compared. A reduction in the number of endoscopies patients underwent before the one that achieved an EoE diagnosis, and the use of allergy testing as part of the diagnostic workout of EoE, also reduced significantly over time (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic work‐up of EoE patients improved substantially over time at the European sites contributing to EoE CONNECT, with a dramatic reduction in diagnostic delay