Peace makers: from the polis to the Enlightenment

Lo que me propongo en este artículo es hacer un breve recorrido histórico desde la polis a la Ilustración para tratar de demostrar que, históricamente, ha habido dos visiones del mundo, dos concepciones morales, dos postulados antropológicos e históricosWhat I am trying in this article is to make an historical outlook from the polis to the Enlightenment to prove that, historically, there have been two views, two moral conceptions, two opposite anthropological and historical understandings, that have con

Revisión sistemática de pautas analgésicas para el postoperatorio en cirugías de pie y tobillo

ResumenLa cirugía podológica no está exenta de dolor postoperatorio. Tras la misma los pacientes deben reanudar una deambulación que se muestra dolorosa y que en muchas ocasiones conllevará posturas antiálgicas incorrectas. Los fármacos analgésicos son una herramienta útil para cirujanos y pacientes. Gracias a ellos conseguiremos una convalecencia con menos dolor y por tanto una mayor satisfacción.El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática de pautas analgésicas posquirúrgicas tras cirugías de pie y tobillo. El objetivo clave de este trabajo ha sido extrapolar una pauta farmacológica cuyo poder analgésico estuviera por encima de otras sin aumentar la presencia de efectos no deseables.Para ello se han comparado los resultados de trece estudios seleccionados previamente teniendo en cuenta variables como el tamaño de la muestra utilizada, tipo de estudio, escala de dolor utilizada y vía de administración farmacológica entre otras.Posteriormente se han extraído unos resultados con los que se pretende por un lado, ayudar al cirujano a mejorar su tratamiento y por otro mejorar la analgesia de los pacientes sometidos a cirugías de pie.AbstractThe podiatric surgery can cause postoperative pain. After of the operation the pacients must to start a painful walking which can cause antalgic’ wrong positions. The analgesic drugs are a useful tool for surgeons and patients. Thank to them we will get a convalescence with less pain and therefore with more satisfying recovery.This study is a systematic review of the treatments postoperative analgesic after foot and ankle surgeries. The tarjet of this study has been to extrapolate a farmacologic treatment whose analgesic power was for above of others without to increase the unwanted side effects.For this job we have compared results of thirteen studies previously selected, therefore we have considered among other variables the size of the used sample, study's type, pain scale used and route of drug administration.Finally we have extracted a results to help to surgeon to improve his treatment and to improve the analgesia of the foot operated patients

Assessing the relevance of higher education courses

The establishment of the European Higher Education Area has involved specifying lists of professional competencies that programs are expected to develop, and with this the need for procedures to measure how every course within a higher education program is aligned with the program’s competencies. We propose an instrument for characterizing this alignment, a process that we call assessing the relevance of a course. Using information from the course syllabus (objectives, contents and assessment scheme), our instrument produces indicators for characterizing the syllabus in terms of a competence list and for assessing its coherence. Because assessment involves quality, the results obtained can also be used to revise and improve the course syllabus. We illustrate this process with an example of a methods course from a mathematics teacher education program at a Spanish university

Natural antimicrobial-coated supports as filter aids for the microbiological stabilisation of drinks

[EN] The strategy of applying surface modifications to inert supports to improve their physicochemical, biological and functional properties can be adopted to develop novel filtering materials by modifying surfaces of widely used materials with biocompatible antimicrobial molecules. This approach would enable overcoming the limitations of conventional filtration methodologies in water treatment and the microbial stabilisation of drinks. The covalent immobilisation of naturally-occurring antimicrobial compounds on filter surfaces allows the antimicrobial effectiveness of the anchored molecule to be preserved by conferring the support material antimicrobial and antifouling properties. This review focuses on describing the naturally-occurring antimicrobials used in the food industry to either prevent growth or inhibit microorganisms, and defines the most established immobilisation methodologies by reviewing the different materials that can be used as grafting supports, and providing details of some examples of naturally-occurring antimicrobial compounds immobilised on filter aids applied to microbiologically stabilise beverages. Besides overviewing the most recent research, this work discusses the advantages, limitations and challenges of developing natural antimicrobial-coated filter aids, and it points out the innovation potential beyond current research on different supports and applications. Before such aids are applied to a real environment, more knowledge on safety and manufacturing is needed on the industrial scale. Therefore, the information in this review may be valuable to extend new emerging preservation technologies to control the food and drink microbial contamination that results in minimally processed products.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and FEDER-EU (Project RTI 2018101599BC21) . M.R. R. acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for her postdoctoral fellowship (APOSTD/2019/118)Ruiz Rico, M.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2021). Natural antimicrobial-coated supports as filter aids for the microbiological stabilisation of drinks. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 147:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.11163411214

Publishing, books and reading: Spaces of authorship, visibility, and socialisation

Over the course of history, the book and its environment have been in permanent transformation, undergoing changes that have affected its format, textual arrangement, form of reading, and production and distribution systems, as well as its social consideration as an instrument for the transmission of knowledge. One of the greatest changes has taken place in the 21st century with the emergence of digital formats throughout the publishing value chain. If in previous eras the transformations had affected one or other of the mentioned elements, the digital revolution has impacted on all of them simultaneously, as it has modified the ways in which works are created, produced, distributed, and consumed. Also, it has introduced for the first time an element of intermediation between the reader and reading: the device, which, in its different varieties, implies an element of additional complexity. At the present time, and after almost two decades, we can see the advances and setbacks that have occurred on this journey; the achievements and shortcomings from the publishing point of view, in which a strengthening of the big companies can be appreciated; and the emergence of a system of self-publishing that represents a rupture with traditional systems. From the point of view of authorship, the value of the brand, of charisma and prestige, has been emphasised, while a movement of creation is taking place on the fringes of the system that renounces posterity and recognition in favour of visibility. This approach to authorship is also subject to the influx and influence of social networks with their positive effects, in the form of projection, and negative ones, in the form of new ways of censure. Finally, in terms of reading, there is an ambivalent route that runs between the paths of a very strong tradition, linked to the printed book, and digital reading, established from the point of view of practices, but in its more conservative and imitative side with respect to analogue formats; in the digital sphere, new proposals and more innovative initiatives which are attracting the attention of growing but still minority sectors of society are emerging. The digital environment is progressing and consolidating, but it has not yet taken advantage of all the potential that technological advances could provide

A Systematic Review on the Association between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2022.2154646A systematic review aimed to investigate the association between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its prevalence and incidence, potential factors associated with its occurrence and its impact on mortality among these patients. We performed the literature search in PubMed, Scopus and PsycInfo from inception to February 2022 and identified 19 studies: ten cross-sectional, 5 that included cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, and 4 retrospective cohort studies. The reported prevalence of COPD ranged from 2.6% to 52.7% in patients with schizophrenia and between 3.0% and 12.9% in patients with bipolar disorder. Two studies reported an annual incidence of COPD of 2.21 cases/100 person-years in patients with schizophrenia and 2.03 cases/100 person-years in patients with bipolar disorder. Among the risk factors evaluated in three studies, only advanced age was consistently associated with the presence/occurrence of COPD in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; the role of tobacco consumption was not investigated in those three studies. According to two studies, the likelihood of mortality from COPD showed an over 3-fold increase in patients with schizophrenia and a 2-fold increase in those with bipolar disorder compared to the overall population; COPD was also associated with increased inpatient mortality. Available data indicate that COPD in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is a major public health problem. National and international health organizations should strive to specifically address this issue by creating awareness about this health problem and developing specific programs for screening and early intervention aimed to reduce the burden of COPD in these populations.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Instituto Carlos III (FIS PI20/01657)

Representación y resolución de problemas geométricos por profesores de matemáticas en formación

El presente trabajo muestra la diversidad de representaciones consideradas por un grupo de profesores de matemáticas en formación ante el enunciado de un problema geométrico elemental no convencional. Las estrategias movilizadas por estos profesores destacan por su dependencia del tipo de geometría que seleccionan para representar el problema. Las relaciones entre figuras geométricas elementales, cuadrados y triángulos, y las propiedades consideradas varían según el tipo de geometría elegida. Surgen diversas geometrías: sintética, de transformaciones, analítica, vectorial, métrica, dinámica, de lugares geométricos, automática. Cada uno de estos marcos establece unas relaciones diferentes y proporciona modos diversos de interpretar el enunciado, de seleccionar procedimientos y de ensayar heurísticos, es decir, de encontrar estrategias de resolución para problemas geométricos elementales

Presupuestos para una reforma de la policía

Presupuestos para una reforma de la policí

Principal Component Analysis of Results Obtained from Finite-Difference Time-Domain Algorithms

Finite-Differences Time-Domain (FDTD) algorithms are well established tools of computational electromagnetism. Because of their practical implementation as computer codes, they are affected by many numerical artefact and noise. In order to obtain better results we propose using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on multivariate statistical techniques. The PCA has been successfully used for the analysis of noise and spatial temporal structure in a sequence of images. It allows a straightforward discrimination between the numerical noise and the actual electromagnetic variables, and the quantitative estimation of their respective contributions. Besides, The GDTD results can be filtered to clean the effect of the noise. In this contribution we will show how the method can be applied to several FDTD simulations: the propagation of a pulse in vacuum, the analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystals. In this last case, PCA has revealed hidden electromagnetic structures related to actual modes of the photonic crystal

Escaping Trauma thougth a Dreamworld: fantasy and the Evasion of Pain in Jane Yolen's "Briar Rose" and John Boyne's "The boy in the Striped Pyjamas"

Fiction has always been part of human beings, accompanying them even in the most difficult situations of life. In fact, certain victims of acute trauma may tend to mask and evade the pain they suffer by creating their own fictional world as a means of escaping from reality. This has become a recurrent theme In contemporary literature, as in the cases of Jane Yolen's Briar Rose and John Boyne's The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, whose characters would respectively block a traumatic memory by replacing it with a fantasy or stubbornly refuse to see the painful reality in front of their eyes choosing over it a less harsh fictional alternative. Through the analysis of these two books, this article will compare and contrast these two different ways to deny a traumatic reality and will highlight the necessity to recover those repressed memories not only to work through past traumas, but to give voice and pay homage to those overcome by them.La ficción siempre ha formado parte del ser humano, acompañándole en las situaciones más difíciles de la vida. De hecho, algunas víctimas de grave trauma psicológico pueden enmascarar y evadir el dolor que sufren creando su propio mundo de ficción para escapar de la realidad. Esto se ha convertido en un tema recurrente en la literatura contemporánea, como en Briar Rose, de Jane Yolen y The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas de John Boyne, cuyos protagonistas, respectivamente, bloquearán una memoria traumática sustituyéndola por una fantasía o se negarán obstinadamente a ver la dolorosa realidad, optando por otra imaginaria y menos dura. A través del análisis de estos dos libros, el presente artículo comparará y contrastará estas dos formas diferentes de negar una realidad traumática y enfatizará la necesidad de recuperar la memoria reprimida, no sólo para superar traumas del pasado, sino para dar voz y homenajear a aquellos que fueron devastados por ellos