USOS PÚBLICOS DA HISTÓRIA, PATRIMÔNIO E MEMÓRIA: CANTANDO HINOS, ENSINANDO A HEGEMONIA OU O BANDEIRANTE ‘NOSSO’ DE CADA DIA

This article discusses the celebrations of Civic Dates as part of the Nation project built since the 19th century in Brazil and how they are present in the National territory in its different regions. Therefore, we problematize the Anthems (the National Anthem and those of the state of Goiás) as feeders of the conception of History that this project encompasses. The proposal is, therefore, to investigate the lyrics of the Anthems and how they have been reinforcing the idea of a hegemonic History that reiterates that the Paulista Flags and the Bandeirantes are important characters for the progress of the country. Against this prevailing idea, this article invites the reader to analyze the lyrics, often overshadowed by the emotion that is constituted in moments of celebration. Finally, it is seen that this way of seeing History is hegemonically appropriated as Heritage and, based on this, it has been using civic celebrations and their Anthems to maintain the logic that excludes and does not consider that History is made in a process, in social relations, where power relations are produced. The public history produced in civic celebrations and stimulated by the Anthems is a discussion about "what Heritage we have and what uses we are making of history".Esse artigo discute as comemorações das Datas Cívicas como parte do projeto de Nação construído desde o século XIX no Brasil e como elas estão presentes no território Nacional nas suas diferentes regiões. Para tanto, problematizamos os Hinos (o Nacional e os do estado de Goiás) como alimentadores da concepção de História que esse projeto abarca. A proposta é, portanto, investigar as letras dos Hinos e como elas vêm reforçando a ideia de História hegemônica que reedita que as Bandeiras Paulistas e os Bandeirantes são importantes personagens para o progresso do país. À contramão dessa ideia que prepondera, o presente artigo convida o leitor e a leitora a analisar as letras, muitas vezes sobrepostas pela emoção que se constituiu nos momentos de comemoração. Por fim, vê-se que esse modo de ver a História é apropriado hegemonicamente como Patrimônio e, com base nisso, vem se utilizando das comemorações cívicas e seus Hinos para a manutenção da lógica que exclui e não considera que a História se faz em processo, nas relações sociais, onde se produzem relações de poder. A história pública produzida nas comemorações cívicas e estimuladas pelos Hinos é uma discussão sobre “que Patrimônio temos e que usos estamos fazendo da história”

EDUCAÇÃO ANTIRRACISTA:

The main objective of this work was a research to analyze the pedagogical practices of quilombola schools to build the concept of an anti-racist education and how Law 10.639 contributes to this. Bibliographic research was carried out on education and ethnic racial relations, in addition to anti-racist education; data was collected from interviews with teachers and managers on the topic in quilombola schools as a research field; the theoretical and practical conduct between the schools studied was compared; there was also an analysis of the pedagogical proposals of quilombola schools and whether they contribute to the implementation of law 10,639. In this way, the work is divided into three parts: first, racist society is in vogue and as a result it starts and reaches education, Given this, understand how education as a practice of freedom enables new ways of thinking about the world and the reality that is posed. Secondly, an analysis of Law 10,639 was carried out to reflect the impacts and difficulties of implementation and change of curriculum. Third, and last, is based on the results and discussions on data collection from the schools visited.O objetivo central deste trabalho foi uma pesquisa para análise das práticas pedagógicas das escolas quilombolas para construção da concepção de uma educação antirracista e como a Lei 10.639 contribui para isso. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas sobre educação e relações étnico raciais, para além, educação antirracista; levantou-se dados, a partir de entrevistas com professores e gestores, sobre o tema nas escolas quilombolas enquanto campo de pesquisa; comparou-se as condutas teóricas e práticas entre as escolas estudadas; também ocorreu uma análise das propostas pedagógicas das escolas quilombolas e se as mesmas contribuem para a efetivação da lei 10.639. Dessa forma, o trabalho divide-se em três partes: primeiro coloca-se em voga a sociedade racista e como isso parte e chega na educação, diante disso entender como uma educação como prática de liberdade possibilita novas formas de pensar sobre o mundo e a realidade que está posta. Em segundo momento, realizou-se uma análise sobre a Lei 10.639 para refletir os impactos e dificuldades de implementação e mudança de currículo. Terceiro, e último, baseia-se nos resultados e discussões sobre a coleta de dados das escolas visitadas

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Cultural History end History taugth in Goiás (1846 - 1934)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miriam Bianca Amaral Ribeiro.pdf: 2240121 bytes, checksum: 4cd005130d0f452c8c0b9afcde439cc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-19This thesis investigates the history of the Teaching of History in Goiás, covering the period extending between the creation of the School of Goiás, in 1846, and the publication of the work Goyaz, Heart of Brazil, Ophelia Socrates Monteiro do Nascimento in 1934, first history textbook for children of Goiás. With reference to the concept of historical culture, the relationship between work history and Goias in Brazil, History of Education History and taught history. This was possible from the consideration of the possibility of a history taught inside and outside the classroom, which led to the examination of the existing school in Goias and history taught in it, at all levels of schooling, as well as the history taught to those who had never entered such a room, but walked the streets, watched or participated in parades, celebrations and events, he heard bells or gun salutes memorial bells, monuments found or read or heard news reports and comments, or even followed the same burial or rested on holidays. Our aim was also to identify the birth of the History of Goiás in the context of the history taught in the state as a whole, which in fact was possible through research. The sources addressed were raised at the Historical Archive Office and the State Literary Goiás, where collections were consulted newspapers, official documents and bibliographies.Esta tese investiga a História do Ensino de História em Goiás, abarcando o período que se estende entre a criação do Liceu de Goiás, em 1846, e a publicação da obra Goyaz, Coração do Brasil, de Ofélia Sócrates do Nascimento Monteiro, em 1934, primeiro livro didático de história de Goiás para crianças. Tendo como referência o conceito de cultura histórica, trabalha a articulação entre História do Brasil e de Goiás, História da Educação e a História da história ensinada. Isso foi possível a partir da consideração da possibilidade de uma história ensinada dentro e fora da sala de aula, o que levou ao exame da escola existente em Goiás e da história nela ensinada, em todos os níveis de escolaridade, assim como a história ensinada a quem jamais adentrou um recinto dessa natureza, mas percorreu as ruas da cidade, assistiu ou participou de desfiles, eventos e celebrações, ouviu salvas de tiros ou badaladas comemorativas dos sinos, observou monumentos, leu ou ouviu notícias de jornal e seus comentários, ou até mesmo seguiu enterros ou descansou em feriados. Nosso objetivo também era identificar o nascimento da disciplina História de Goiás no contexto da história ensinada no estado como um todo, o que de fato foi possível através da investigação. As fontes tratadas foram levantadas no Arquivo Histórico Estadual e no Gabinete Literário Goiano, onde foram consultados acervos de jornais, documentos oficiais e bibliografias

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora