40 research outputs found
Lightfastness assessment of Levantine rock art by means of microfading spectrometry
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: del Hoyo-Meléndez JM,
Carrión-Ruiz B, Riutort-Mayol G, Lerma JL. Lightfastness assessment of Levantine rock art by means of microfading spectrometry. Color Res Appl. 2019;44:547 555, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22372. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The documentation of archeological sites requires the adoption of non-destructive techniques to safeguard the unique legacy coming from prehistoric periods. This article tackles the assessment of lightfastness properties on a rock art site to deter- mine the behavior of motif's color deterioration over time in Remi¿gia Cave, Castello¿n (Spain), which is considered part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The measurements were performed using a microfade testing device to analyze the spectral characteristics and the aging properties of the colorant system and various substrates on site. Two scenarios have been identified depending on whether the lightness (L*) parameter of the rocky substrate changes or not in relation with the painted motifs. If the substrate remains stable without any change, red motifs con- taining iron oxide pigments will become more visible. If the substrate becomes lighter, the pigments will experience similar changes. Therefore, the contrast between paintings and support will be considerably enhanced.The authors also would like to thank the Generalitat Valenciana for providing access to the site during the measurement campaigns. Fruitful comments from the Spanish
archeologists Prof. Valentín Villaverde and Dra. Esther
López-Montalvo are also gratefully acknowledged. The
authors acknowledge the research project HAR2014-59873-R
from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
for providing financial support.Del Hoyo-Meléndez, JM.; Carrión-Ruiz, B.; Riutort-Mayol, G.; Lerma, JL. (2019). Lightfastness assessment of Levantine rock art by means of microfading spectrometry. Color Research & Application. 44(4):547-555. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22372S547555444Vileikis, O., Cesaro, G., Santana Quintero, M., van Balen, K., Paolini, A., & Vafadari, A. (2012). Documentation in World Heritage conservation. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2(2), 130-152. doi:10.1108/20441261211273635Management Planning for Archaelogical Sites 2002 The Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles G Palumbo Threats and challenges to the archaeological heritage in the Mediterranean 3 12ICOMOS. ICOMOS World Report 2000 on Monuments and Sites in Danger; 2000.https://www.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2000/risk2000.htm. Accessed October 25 2017.Giesen, M. J., Ung, A., Warke, P. A., Christgen, B., Mazel, A. D., & Graham, D. W. (2014). Condition assessment and preservation of open-air rock art panels during environmental change. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(1), 49-56. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2013.01.013Díez-Herrero, A., Gutiérrez-Pérez, I., Lario, J., Cañaveras, J. C., Benavente, D., Sánchez-Moral, S., & Alonso-Azcárate, J. (2009). Analysis of potential direct insolation as a degradation factor of cave paintings in Villar del Humo, Cuenca, Central Spain. Geoarchaeology, 24(4), 450-465. doi:10.1002/gea.20274López-Montalvo, E., Villaverde, V., Roldán, C., Murcia, S., & Badal, E. (2014). An approximation to the study of black pigments in Cova Remigia (Castellón, Spain). Technical and cultural assessments of the use of carbon-based black pigments in Spanish Levantine Rock Art. Journal of Archaeological Science, 52, 535-545. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.09.017Hernanz, A., Ruiz-López, J. F., Gavira-Vallejo, J. M., Martin, S., & Gavrilenko, E. (2010). Raman microscopy of prehistoric rock paintings from the Hoz de Vicente, Minglanilla, Cuenca, Spain. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 41(11), 1394-1399. doi:10.1002/jrs.2582Domingo, I., Villaverde, V., López-Montalvo, E., Lerma, J. L., & Cabrelles, M. (2013). Latest developments in rock art recording: towards an integral documentation of Levantine rock art sites combining 2D and 3D recording techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40(4), 1879-1889. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.11.024Iturbe, A., Cachero, R., Cañal, D., & Martos, A. (2018). Digitalización de cuevas con arte paleolítico parietal de Bizkaia. Análisis científico y divulgación mediante nuevas técnicas de visualización. Virtual Archaeology Review, 9(18), 57. doi:10.4995/var.2018.7579Carrión-Ruiz, B., Blanco-Pons, S., & Lerma, J. L. (2016). DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS OF THE VISIBLE REGION THROUGH SIMULATION OF ROCK ART PAINTINGS. Proceedings of the ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. doi:10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3560Fredlund, G., & Sundstrom, L. (2007). Digital infra-red photography for recording painted rock art. Antiquity, 81(313), 733-742. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00095697Cerrillo-Cuenca, E., & Sepúlveda, M. (2015). An assessment of methods for the digital enhancement of rock paintings: the rock art from the precordillera of Arica (Chile) as a case study. Journal of Archaeological Science, 55, 197-208. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.01.006Robert, E., Petrognani, S., & Lesvignes, E. (2016). Applications of digital photography in the study of Paleolithic cave art. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 10, 847-858. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.07.026López-Menchero Bendicho, V. M., Marchante Ortega, Á., Vincent, M., Cárdenas Martín-Buitrago, Á. J., & Onrubia Pintado, J. (2017). Uso combinado de la fotografía digital nocturna y de la fotogrametría en los procesos de documentación de petroglifos: el caso de Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real, España). Virtual Archaeology Review, 8(17), 64. doi:10.4995/var.2017.6820Molada-Tebar, A., Lerma, J. L., & Marqués-Mateu, Á. (2017). Camera characterization for improving color archaeological documentation. Color Research & Application, 43(1), 47-57. doi:10.1002/col.22152Del Hoyo-Meléndez, J. M., Lerma, J. L., López-Montalvo, E., & Villaverde, V. (2015). Documenting the light sensitivity of Spanish Levantine rock art paintings. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II-5/W3, 53-59. doi:10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w3-53-2015Whitmore, P. M., Bailie, C., & Connors, S. A. (2000). Micro-fading tests to predict the result of exhibition: progress and prospects. Studies in Conservation, 45(sup1), 200-205. doi:10.1179/sic.2000.45.supplement-1.200Whitmore, P. M., Pan, X., & Bailie, C. (1999). Predicting the Fading of Objects: Identification of Fugitive Colorants through Direct Nondestructive Lightfastness Measurements. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 38(3), 395. doi:10.2307/3179999Ford, B. (2011). Non-destructive microfade testing at the National Museum of Australia. AICCM Bulletin, 32(1), 54-64. doi:10.1179/bac.2011.32.1.008Del Hoyo-Meléndez, J. M., & Mecklenburg, M. F. (2010). A survey on the light-fastness properties of organic-based Alaska Native artifacts. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11(4), 493-499. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2010.01.004Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road 2010 The Getty Conservation Institute The Getty. Los Angeles JR Druzik Evaluating the light sensitivity of paints in selected wall paintings at the Mogao Grottoes: caves 217 98 and 85 457 463López-Montalvo, E., Roldán, C., Badal, E., Murcia-Mascarós, S., & Villaverde, V. (2017). Identification of plant cells in black pigments of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art by means of a multi-analytical approach. A new method for social identity materialization using chaîne opératoire. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0172225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172225Roldán, C., Murcia-Mascarós, S., Ferrero, J., Villaverde, V., López, E., Domingo, I., … Guillem, P. M. (2010). Application of field portable EDXRF spectrometry to analysis of pigments of Levantine rock art. X-Ray Spectrometry, 39(3), 243-250. doi:10.1002/xrs.1254Roldán García, C., Villaverde Bonilla, V., Ródenas Marín, I., & Murcia Mascarós, S. (2016). A Unique Collection of Palaeolithic Painted Portable Art: Characterization of Red and Yellow Pigments from the Parpalló Cave (Spain). PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0163565. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163565Łojewski, T., Thomas, J., Gołąb, R., Kawałko, J., & Łojewska, J. (2011). Note: Light ageing with simultaneous colorimetry via fibre optics reflection spectrometry. 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Characterisation of the GRAF gene promoter and its methylation in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
We report the isolation of the 5′ flanking region of GRAF (GTPase regulator associated with the focal adhesion kinase), previously described as a putative tumour suppressor gene of acute myelogenous leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, and demonstrate its promoter activity in reporter gene assays. Two putative protein-binding sites are identified of which one was sensitive to CpG methylation. The suppressed GRAF expression could be restored in leukaemia cell lines by treatment with a demethylating agent and an inhibitor of histone deacetylases. In contrast to normal tissues, which tested negative for GRAF promoter methylation, 11 of 29 (38%) bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome were positive
Landslide susceptibility mapping at VAZ watershed (Iran) using an artificial neural network model: a comparison between multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basic function (RBF) algorithms
Landslide susceptibility and hazard assessments are the most important steps in landslide risk mapping. The main objective of this study was to investigate and compare the results of two artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, i.e., multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basic function (RBF) for spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in Vaz Watershed, Iran. At first, landslide locations were identified by aerial photographs and field surveys, and a total of 136 landside locations were constructed from various sources. Then the landslide inventory map was randomly split into a training dataset 70 % (95 landslide locations) for training the ANN model and the remaining 30 % (41 landslides locations) was used for validation purpose. Nine landslide conditioning factors such as slope, slope aspect, altitude, land use, lithology, distance from rivers, distance from roads, distance from faults, and rainfall were constructed in geographical information system. In this study, both MLP and RBF algorithms were used in artificial neural network model. The results showed that MLP with Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno learning algorithm is more efficient than RBF in landslide susceptibility mapping for the study area. Finally the landslide susceptibility maps were validated using the validation data (i.e., 30 % landslide location data that was not used during the model construction) using area under the curve (AUC) method. The success rate curve showed that the area under the curve for RBF and MLP was 0.9085 (90.85 %) and 0.9193 (91.93 %) accuracy, respectively. Similarly, the validation result showed that the area under the curve for MLP and RBF models were 0.881 (88.1 %) and 0.8724 (87.24 %), respectively. The results of this study showed that landslide susceptibility mapping in the Vaz Watershed of Iran using the ANN approach is viable and can be used for land use planning
Modeling the Past: The Paleoethnological Evidence
This chapter considers the earliest Paleolithic, Oldowan (Mode 1), and Acheulean (Mode 2)
cultures of the Old Continent and the traces left by the earliest hominids since their departure
from Africa. According to the most recent archaeological data, they seem to have followed two
main dispersal routes across the Arabian Peninsula toward the Levant, to the north, and the Indian
subcontinent, to the east. According to recent discoveries at Dmanisi in the Caucasus, the first
Paleolithic settlement of Europe is dated to some 1.75 Myr ago, which indicates that the first “out of
Africa” took place at least slightly before this date. The data available for Western Europe show
that the first Paleolithic sites can be attributed to the period slightly before 1.0 Myr ago. The first
well-defined “structural remains” so far discovered in Europe are those of Isernia La Pineta in
Southern Italy, where a semicircular artificial platform made of stone boulders and animal bones
has been excavated. The first hand-thrown hunting weapons come from the site of Scho¨ningen in
north Germany, where the first occurrence of wooden spears, more than 2 m long, has been
recorded from a site attributed to some 0.37 Myr ago. Slightly later began the regular control of
fire. Although most of the archaeological finds of these ages consist of chipped stone artifacts,
indications of art seem to be already present in the Acheulean of Africa and the Indian
subcontinent