The Effect of a Mycotoxin Deactivation Product on Growth of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Distillers Dried Grains

Distillers dried grains (DDG) with solubles (DDGS) is a product that has shown potential as a protein source for some fish species, but high inclusion rates of DDGS have not always been successfully achieved for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our objective was to determine whether inclusion of a mycotoxin deactivation product (Biofix Plus) could improve the ability of high-protein DDG (HPDDG) to replace a portion of the fish meal in diets for Rainbow Trout. The 2 × 2 factorial feeding trial examined protein source (menhaden fish meal [MFM] or HPDDG) with or without Biofix Plus. A control diet (42% digestible protein, 20% crude lipid, 25% MFM) was compared to a test diet in which HPDDG replaced 12% of the total MFM on a digestible-protein basis (24% HPDDG inclusion). Diets were fed to juvenile Rainbow Trout (initial weight: mean ± SE = 30.5 ± 1.6 g) in four replicate tanks per treatment for 9 weeks in a 15°C recirculating system. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, we observed no negative effects of fish meal replacement on growth or feed conversion ratio; no benefit of Biofix Plus supplementation was observed. These data indicate that when Rainbow Trout diets containing a high-quality DDGS product are balanced for digestible protein, lysine, methionine, and threonine, dietary fish meal levels can be successfully reduced to 13% without compromising growth and without the need for mycotoxin deactivator inclusion

Effects of Dietary Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Soybean Meal on Extruded Pellet Characteristics and Growth Responses of Juvenile Yellow Perch

A 126-d feeding trial was performed to investigate graded combinations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal (SBM) in diets formulated for yellow perch Perca flavescens. Six experimental diets contained DDGS and SBM at 0 and 31.5% (dry matter basis), respectively (0/31.5 diet), 10 and 26% (10/26), 20 and 20.5% (20/20.5), 30 and 15% (30/15), 40 and 9.5% (40/9.5), and 50 and 4% (50/4) to obtain similar levels of crude protein (mean ± SE = 30.1 ± 0.2%), crude lipid (16.7 ± 0.7%), and digestible energy (13.5 ± 0.2 kJ/g). Fourteen fish (initial individual weight = 19.1 ± 0.5 g) were randomly selected and stocked into each of twenty-four 110-L tanks (4 replicate tanks/diet). Common biological and mechanical filter systems were used to recirculate the water and maintain similar water quality. Fish that received the 40/9.5 diet exhibited the highest apparent absolute weight gain and percent weight gain, while fish that were fed the 10/26, 20/20.5, 30/15, and 40/9.5 diets exhibited similar absolute weight gain. Fish that were given the 20/20.5, 30/15, and 40/9.5 diets also exhibited similar percent weight gain. Fulton’s condition factor and apparent protein digestibility were significantly lower and higher, respectively, for fish that received the 50/4 diet than for all other treatment groups. Crude protein and crude lipid levels in muscle samples did not significantly differ among treatment groups. Results indicated that yellow perch can utilize DDGS plus SBM at a combined inclusion level of up to 49.5% without negative effects on growth. The mechanical strength and color of the extruded pellets were related to the level of DDGS plus SBM in the feed blends. Hepatosomatic indices were correlated with pellet color, while protein digestibility decreased with increasing pellet strength

Consolidated briefing of biochemical ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass

AbstractBioethanol production is one pathway for crude oil reduction and environmental compliance. Bioethanol can be used as fuel with significant characteristics like high octane number, low cetane number and high heat of vaporization. Its main drawbacks are the corrosiveness, low flame luminosity, lower vapor pressure, miscibility with water, and toxicity to ecosystems. One crucial problem with bioethanol fuel is the availability of raw materials. The supply of feedstocks for bioethanol production can vary season to season and depends on geographic locations. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as forest-based woody materials, agricultural residues and municipal waste, is prominent feedstock for bioethanol cause of its high availability and low cost, even though the commercial production has still not been established. In addition, the supply and the attentive use of microbes render the bioethanol production process highly peculiar. Many conversion technologies and techniques for biomass-based ethanol production are under development and expected to be demonstrated. In this work a technological analysis of the biochemical method that can be used to produce bioethanol is carried out and a review of current trends and issues is conducted