Growth and production response of mung bean (Vigna radiata L) by application of mycorriza and Penicillium sp in paddy lands

ABSTRACT  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza and Penicilliumsp on the growth and production of mung beans in paddy land. The design of this experimental research was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the dosage of mycorrhiza consisting of 0 g/plant; 5 g/plant; 10 g/plant; and 15g/plant. The second factor was the type of phosphate solubilizing microbes consisting of withoutPenicilliumsp; Penicilliumspfrom Mursala island (20 ml/plant); Penicilliumsp collection taken from soil biology laboratory of faculty of agriculture USU (20 ml/plant). The results showed that the dosage of Mycorrhiza and Penicilliumsp were not significantly affected the height of mung bean plants, however, it significantly affected the population of Penicillium sp. The application of 15 g Mycorrhiza with Penicilliumsp from Mursala was the best treatment for the growth of mungbean plants at 4 weeks after planting (42.98 cm) and the interaction of Mycorrhiza15 g/plant and PenicilliumspMursala produced the best seeds/plant of 16.76 g/plant.   REFERENCES  Adiningsih, S. 2004. Nutrient dynamics in soil and nutrient uptake mechanisms. Soil Research Center. Ministry of Agriculture. Jakarta. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Production of Cassava and Green Beans by Province in 1993-2015. Jakarta. Budiman, A. 2004. Application of Cashing and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Ultisols and the Effects on the Development of Soil Microorganisms and the Result of Semi Corn (Zea mays L.). Thesis of the Faculty of Agriculture. Andalas University. Padang. De datta, S.K. 1990. Principle and Practice of Rice Production. New York. Dobermann, A. and T. Fairhurst. 2000. Rice, Nutrient disorders and nutrient management. IRRI and Potash and PPI/PPIC. Manila, Philipina. Fitriatin, B. M., A. Yuniarti., O. Mulyani., F. S. Fauziah., dan M. D. Tiara. 2009. Effect of Microbial Solvents on Phosphate and Fertilizer P  on Available P, Phosphatase Activity, P on Plants and Upland Rice Results on Ultisol. Agriculture Journal20 (3) : 210 – 215. Harahap, F.S. 2009. Pengujian pengolahan tanah konservasi dan inokulasi mikoriza terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta produksi beberapa varietas kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea. L) Universitas Sumatra Utara Medan. Skripsi. Hasanuddin and Bambang. G. M. 2004. Utilization of phosphate and mycorrhizal microbial solvents to repair available phosphorus, soil phosphorus uptake (ultisol) and maize yields (on ultisol). Journal of agricultural sciences Indonesia, 6 (1): 8 – 13. Husin, E.F. 2000. Fungus Arbuskula Mycorrhiza. Andalas University Faculty of Agriculture. Padang. Illmer, P. and F. Schinner. 1992. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate by microorganisms isolated from forest soils.  Journal Soil Biology Biochem, 24 (4): 389 – 395. Sastrahidayat, R. 2011. Science of fungi  (Mycology). Universitas Brawijaya Press. Malang. Sembiring and Fauzi. 2017. Bacterial and Fungi Phosphate Solubilization Effect to Increase Nutrient Uptake and Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production on Andisol Sinabung Area. Journal of Agronomy 16 (3) : 131 – 137. Sitrianingsih. 2010. The Effect of Arbuscular Vesicular Mycorrhiza Inoculation on the Growth of Pandak Pule Seedlings (Rauvolfia verticillata Lour.) Publication Text. Biology Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Suratmin, D. Wakano, D. Badwi. 2017. The use of compost and phosphorus fertilizer on the growth of green bean plants. Journal of Biology Science & Education, 6 (2): 148 – 158. Susanti, R., Afriani, A., Harahap, F.S., Fadhillah, W., Oesman, R. and Walida, H., 2019. Application Micoriza and Baean Varieties by Conservation Tillage for Biological Soil Properties Improvement. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6 : 34-42. Syawal, F., Rauf, A. dan Rahmawaty. 2017. Upaya rehabilitasi tanah sawah terdegradasi dengan menggunakan kompos sampah kota di Desa Serdang Kecamatan Beringin Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 4 3 :183-189. Syawal, F., Rauf, A., Rahmawaty, R. dan Hidayat, B. 2017. Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sampah Kota Pada Tanah Terdegrdasi Terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Padi Sawah Di Desa Serdang Kecamatan Beringin Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Dalam Prosiding SEMDI-UNAYA (Seminar Nasional Multi Disiplin Ilmu UNAYA) (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 41-51). Wakelin, S.A, V.V.S.R. Gupta, P.R Harvey, and M.H. Ryder. 2007. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO) Land and Water, PMB 2, Glend  Osmon, SA 5064, Australia. Whitelaw. 2000. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi. Journal Adv. Agron 69 : 99 – 151.

Transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a Fermi liquid in potassium intercalated bundles of single wall carbon nanotubes

We report on the first direct observation of a transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a Fermi liquid behavior in potassium intercalated mats of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy an analysis of the spectral shape near the Fermi level reveals a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid power law scaling in the density of states for the pristine sample and for low dopant concentration. As soon as the doping is high enough to fill bands of the semiconducting tubes a distinct transition to a bundle of only metallic SWCNT with a scaling behavior of a normal Fermi liquid occurs. This can be explained by a strong screening of the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers and/or an increased hopping matrix element between the tubes.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Reevaluation of Land Fitness For Soybean Plant in Kabamatan Stabat, Langkat District

A decrease in the area of soybean farming has an effect on reducing soybean production from year to year so that it has not been able to meet the needs of national soybean consumption. Land suitability assessment is an effort to be able to optimize land use. In the process of assessing land suitability manually, it is considered inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to determine the land suitability class for soybean plants. The land suitability classification system used is the FAO land suitability classification classified at the sub-class level. Land suitability evaluation uses a matching system, as well as comparing the characteristics of land with plant growing community formulated in the technical evaluation of land guidelines for agricultural commodities. In the matching process Leibig's minimum law is used to determine the limiting factors that will affect the suitability of the class and sub-class of the land. Requirements for growing plants become kiteria in conformity evaluation. The results showed that the limiting factors of land suitability for soybean plants that had to be improved were temperature, rainfall, soil texture, C-Organic, N-Total and P-Available soil. The limiting factor of temperature and soil texture cannot be improved so that the marginal fit class (S3) on actual land suitability remains marginal fit (S3) in terms of potential land suitability

Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Kentang Di Kawasan Relokasi Siosar Kabupaten Karo

Siosar relocation Region is located in the Subdistrict Merek in Karo with an altitude between 1490 - 1562 m above sea level. With this type of soil Andisol where land is hilly and undulating with a slope of + 37.5% and the climate type D3, leasing land from the Ministry of Environment and Forests covering an area of 144.44 ha reserved for heads of household 370 victims of the eruption of Mount Sinabung, through Decree of the Minister of the Environment life and Forestry No. SK.107 / MenLHK-II / 2015. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the level of production forest land suitability for the cultivation of potatoes in the Region Siosar, to analyze the remedial efforts that need to be done in improving crop productivity and to create maps of the actual land suitability and potential land suitability potato plants. The method used was a survey method. unit of land based on soil map consists of 7 units of land analysis method is the method of comparing (matching). The results showed that the level of potential land suitability for crop potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) including marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 156.54 ha, quite suitable (S2) covering 205.25 ha and is very suitable (S1) covering an area of 52.65 ha.Keywords: Evaluation of land suitability, production forests siosar, relocation eruption of Mount Sinabung, the cultivation of potatoes, sub brands Karo

Karakteristik Tanah Dan Perbandingan Produksi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Dengan Metode Tanam Lubang Besar Dan Parit Drainase 2:1 Pada Lahan Spodosol Di Kabupaten Barito Timur Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah - Indonesia

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of big hole (A profile) and non big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing potential of negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from year of 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and non big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and responsed positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable in to deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to undisturbed hard pan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of non big hole block was higher than big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by rootsJurnal Pertanian Tropik ISSN Online No : 2356-4725Vol.2, No.2. Agustus 2015. (19) : 148- 158149and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water in to the drain. Meanwhile the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than undisturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing of palms planting to minimize negative effect of hardpan layer for oil palm growth

Soil Macrofauna as Bioindicator on Aek Loba Palm Oil Plantation Land

Oil palm plantations of PT. Socfin Indonesia (Socfindo) Aek Loba area has been planted with oil palm since 1931, currently has plants from generation I (± 31 years), II (± 47 years), III (± 74 years), and IV (± 86 years) . The difference in the length of time of utilization and management of plantation land in each generation also determines the presence, both species, density, relative density, and the frequency of the presence of soil macrofauna. Soil macrofauna plays a role in maintaining the balance of the soil ecosystem. This research has been conducted at PT. Socfindo Kebun Aek Loba in February 2017- April 2018. This research was conducted to determine the presence of soil macrofauna on oil palm plantation land of PT. Socfin Indonesia (Socfindo) Aek Loba plantation area. Determination of the sampling point is done by the Purposive Random Sampling method, soil macrofauna sampling using the Quadratic and Hand Sorting methods. There are 29 species of soil macrofauna which are grouped into 2 phyla, 3 classes, 11 orders, 21 families, and 27 genera. The highest density value is in the Generation II area of 401.53 ind / m2 and the lowest density value is in the Generation IV area of 101.59 ind / m2. Frequency The presence of soil macrofauna in the four generations consists of 4 species, namely Pontoscolex corethrurus, Geophilus flavus, Vostax apicedentatus, and Solenopsis fugax