Bulk packages for storage and transportation of salted and dried fish

The effect of bulk packaging on the storage of salted and dried fish was studied at ambient conditions. Four different packaging systems were tried, among which gusseted type high density polyethylene woven sacks having either circular loom or traditional loom laminated with 100 gauge low density polyethylene were found to be best suited for dry fish packaging as they could withstand the hazards of handling, transportation and storage

Pressure dependence of the chlorine NQR in three solid chloro anisoles

The 35Cl Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) frequency (νQ) and spin lattice relaxation time (T1) in the three anisoles 2,3,4-trichloroanisole, 2,3,6-trichloroanisole and 3,5-dichloroanisole have been measured as a function of pressure upto 5.1 kbar at 300 K, and the data have been analysed to estimate the temperature coefficients of the NQR frequency at constant volume. All the three compounds show a non linear variation of the NQR frequency with pressure, the rate of which is positive and decreases with increasing pressure. In case of 3,5-dichloroanisole the value becomes negative in the higher range of pressure studied. The spin lattice relaxation time T1 in all the three compounds shows a weak dependence on pressure, indicating that the relaxation is mainly due to the torsional motions

EPR Study of Fe 3+ - and Ni 2+ -Doped Macroporous CaSiO 3 Ceramics

Thermally stable macroporous CaSiO 3 , Fe 3+ - and Ni 2+ -doped (0.5 to 5 mol%) ceramics have been prepared by solution combustion process by mixing respective metal nitrates (oxidizers), fumed silica. Diformol hydrazine is used as a fuel. The combustion products were identified by their X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis. Single phases of β-CaSiO 3 and α-CaSiO 3 were observed at 950 and 1200 °C, respectively. The phase transition temperatures of combustion-derived CaSiO 3 were found to be lower compared to those obtained via solid-state reaction method. It is interesting to note that with an increase in the calcination temperature the samples become more porous with an increase in the pore diameter from 0.2 to 8 µm. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of Fe 3+ ions in CaSiO 3 exhibits a weak signal at g = 4.20 ± 0.1 followed by an intense signal at g = 2.0 ± 0.1. The signal at g = 4.20 is ascribed to isolated Fe 3+ ions at rhombic site. The signal at g = 2.0 is due to Fe 3+ coupled together with dipolar interaction. In Ni 2+ -doped CaSiO 3 ceramics the EPR spectrum exhibits a symmetric absorption at g = 2.23 ± 0.1. This deviation from the free electron g -value is ascribed to octahedrally coordinated Ni 2+ ions with moderately high spin–orbit coupling. The number of spins participating in resonance and the paramagnetic susceptibilities have been evaluated from EPR data as a function of Fe 3+ as well as Ni 2+ content. The effect of alkali ions (Li, Na and K) on the EPR spectra of these ceramics has also been studied

H-1 NMR study of molecular dynamics and phase transitions in (CH3NH3) 2PbBr6 and [N(CH3)(4)](2)SeCl6.

The proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T-1) has been measured in methylammonium hexabromoplumbate, (CH3NH3)(2)PbBr6, in the range 77-450K and tetramethylammonium (TMA) hexachloroselenate, [N(CH3)(4) ](2)SeCl6 in the range 77-430K In (CH3NH3)(2)PbBr6, T-1 shows a slope change at 415K, a minimum at 215K, and a discontinuous jump at 167K In [N(CH3)(4)](2)SeCl6, T-1 shows a slope change at 340K and goes through a narrow symmetric minimum at 194K. Further, it exhibits a shoulder-like structure at 106K and goes through a broad minimum at 85K. Motional parameters such as activation energy and preexponential factor have been evaluated for the reorientational motion of CH3-NH3 groups and the TMA ion in different phases

Suzuki Type Common Fixed Point Theorem For Four Maps Using α - admissible Functions In Partial Ordered Complex Valued Metric Spaces

In this paper, we obtain a Suzuki type unique common fixed point theorem for four self maps using α-admissible function in partial ordered complex valued metric spaces. Also we give an example to illustrate our main theorem

Solution combustion derived nanocrystalline Zn2SiO4 : Mn phosphors: A spectroscopic view

Manganese doped nanocrystalline willemite powder phosphors Zn2-xMnxSiO4 (0.1less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.5) have been synthesized by a low-temperature initiated, self-propagating, gas producing solution combustion process. The phosphors have been characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and photo luminescence (PL) spectroscopic techniques. The lattice parameters calculated from XRD confirm that Zn2-xMnxSiO4 has a rhombohedral space group R (3) over barH. The XRD patterns confirm that Zn2-xMnxSiO4 phosphor samples undergo a phase transformation from beta-willemite to alpha-willemite phase at 950 degreesC. The EPR spectra of Mn2+ ions exhibit resonance signals at gcongruent to3.24 and gcongruent to2.02, with a sextet hyperfine structure centered around gcongruent to2.02. The EPR signals of Mn2+ give a clear indication of the presence of two different Mn2+ sites. The magnitude of the hyperfine splitting (A) indicates that the Mn2+ is in an ionic environment. The number of spins participating in resonance (N), the paramagnetic susceptibility (chi), and the zero-field splitting parameter (D) have been evaluated as function of x. It is interesting to observe that the variation of N with temperature obeys Boltzmann. The paramagnetic susceptibility is calculated from the EPR data at various temperatures and the Curie constant and Curie paramagnetic temperature was evaluated from the 1/chi versus T graph. The luminescence of Mn2+ ion in Zn2SiO4 shows a strong green emission peak around 520 nm from the synthesized phosphor particles under UV excitation (251 nm). The luminescence is assigned to a transition from the upper T-4(1)-->(6)A(1) ground state. The mechanism involved in the generation of a green emission has been explained in detail. The effect of Mn content on luminescence has also been studied. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics

Synthesis, characterization and TL studies of porous CaSiO3 ceramic powders

Nanocryst. porous CaSiO3 ceramic powders have been synthesized by a novel low temp. initiated self-​propagating, gas producing soln. combustion process and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy)​, porosity, surface area and thermoluminescence (TL) studies. The effect of temp. on cryst. phase formation, amt. of porogens and particle size of porous CaSiO3 have been investigated. Single phase β-​CaSiO3 and α-​CaSiO3 were formed at 950° and 1200°C resp. The phase transformation temps. of combustion derived CaSiO3 were found to be low compared to the powders obtained via solid state reaction method. The microstructure and morphol. were studied by SEM and it was noted that with increase in calcination temp., the samples became more porous and the pore diam. increased from 0.25 to 8 μm. The samples calcined at 950°C for 3 h had 17.5​% porosity, however, the porosity increased to 31.6​% on calcination at 1200°C for 3 h. The surface areas of the as-​formed and calcined (at 950° and 1200°C) CaSiO3 samples were found to be 31.93, 0.585 and 3.48 m2·g-​1 resp. The TL intensity in powder sample was more intense when compared to the pelletized CaSiO3 and it was further obsd. that there was a shift in glow peak temps. in pelletized sample. This is attributed to the interparticle spacing and pressure-​induced defects

In-vivo efficacy of a novel Leu-t-RNA synthatase inhibitor compound a against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1594965 in a foreign body associated urinary tract infection model

We report unipolar resistive switching of Pt/Nb2O5/Al device with orthorhombic crystalline phase prepared by reactive sputtering method. It showed non-volatile reproducible unipolar switching with ON/OFF resistance ratio of 103 or higher. The range of SET and RESET voltage was 1.0–2.0 V and 0.3–0.8 V, respectively, depending on devices and their dimension. The charge carriers followed Ohmic and space-charge–limited conduction (SCLC) behaviour in low-resistance state (LRS) and high-resistance state (HRS), respectively. An impedance spectroscopy analysis as well as a drift and diffusion of oxygen ion vacancy model are presented to explain the conducting filament formation and its rupture during the SET and RESET processes

Higher establishment success in specialized parasitoids: support for the existence of trade-offs in the evolution of specialization

Most animals do not feed on all the resources available to them, but the mechanisms behind the evolution of dietary specialization are still debated. A central but unanswered question is whether specialists generally gain fitness advantages on their resource compared to generalists, experiencing a trade-off between the ability to use a broad range of resources and the fitness reached on each single one.Empirical tests so far suffered from difficulties in measuring fitness; they were restricted to few species, and results were equivocal. This lack of support for the importance of trade-offs gave rise to theories explaining the evolution of specialization without such trade-offs.Using a large dataset of intentional biological control introductions of 254 species of parasitoids from 15 families to locations outside their native range, we show that establishment success, a measure of total fitness, is higher in specialized species. This result holds when controlling for possible confounding factors such as the number of introduced individuals (propagule pressure).The outcome of this study provides robust evidence that dietary specialization implies fitness advantages in an entire species-rich taxon, indicating that trade-offs might be widely involved in the evolution of specialization

Enteroviruses in Patients with Acute Encephalitis, Uttar Pradesh, India

An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in northern India in 2006. Attempts to identify an etiologic agent in cerebrospinal fluid by using reverse transcription–PCR showed positivity to enterovirus (EV) in 66 (21.6%) of 306 patients. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of PCR products from 59 (89.3%) of 66 specimens showed similarity with EV-89 and EV-76 sequences