Penilaian Pendedahan Plumbum Dari Segi Perkembangan Mental Dan Fizikal Kanak-Kanak Sekolah Rendah Di Kawasan Perindustrian Dan Perbandaran, Malaysia

Kajian pendedahan plumbum di kalangan kanak-kanak telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan kepekatan plumbum darah, asid &-aminolevulinik urin (&-ALA urin) dan plumbum urin sebagai indikator. Ujian tahap cerdik pandai (IQ) dan ukuran antropometri juga telah dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perkaitan plumbum darah, asid &-aminolevulinik urin (&-ALA) dan plumbum urin ke atas tahap cerdik pandai (IQ) dan perkembangan fizikal kanak-kanak sekolah rendah. Seramai 269 orang kanak-kanak Melayu yang berumur dalam lingkungan 61;1 hingga 81;1 tahun iaitu 169 orang daripada kawasan bandar dan 100 orang daripada kawasan industri terpilih sebagai responden. Sampel darah responden diambil dengan menggunakan kaedah cucukan hujung jari dan kepekatan plumbum darah dan urin dicerap dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom Relau Grafit. Skor tahap cerdik pandai (IQ) kanak-kanak diukur dengan menggunakan 'McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities Test' (MSCA) dan kepekatan asid &-aminolevulinik urin diukur dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV/VIS melalui kaedah Satgunasingam et al., ( 1973)

The influence of low blood lead concentrations on the cognitive and physical development of primary school children in Malaysia

This study aimed to determine the relationship between blood lead (BPb) concentrations and cognitive and physical development in school children. A total of 169 urban children and 100 industrial children of Malay ethnicity, in the age range of 6½ to 8½ years, were selected. BPb was determined using GF atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean cognitive score (102.55) of the children from the industrial area was significantly higher than that of the urban children (95.09; P < .001). However, no significant differences were found in the BPb levels between the 2 groups (industrial, 3.75 µg/dL; urban, 3.56 µg/dL). There was significant inverse correlation between BPb and cognitive scores for all children (P < .05). The cognitive scores for all children were influenced by BPb after adjustments (P < .05). The urban children had significantly better Weight for Height and Left Arm Circumference values than those from industrial area. There was no significant correlation between BPb and the anthropometric measurements. In conclusion, low BPb influenced the cognitive development, whereas physical development was not affected

Context, Input, Process & Product (CIPP) Program Stop Defecation in the District Banjarnegara

Community access to healthy latrines region Banjarnegara District in 2015 was the lowest in Central Java province , namely 44.9 % , the efforts made since 2008 is with the stop defecation program are implemented by Banjarnegara District Health Office through its health centers in the region. This study aimed to evaluate the stop defecation program approach to CIPP ( Context , Input , Process & Product ) . Evaluative research was an observational study descriptive , conducted in March 2016 in 12 health centers with the number of respondents 63 people. The results showed that in the context evaluation program goals and still have a juridical basis of very poor category . In the evaluation input latrine builder tool in the category very less and still have a policy program that category less . the evaluation process is still in the category of less assistance , this happens because nearly all the health centers do not carry out assistance activities after triggering stop defecation. On the evaluation of product performance villages stop open defecation is still in the poor category , it means that nearly all the health centers do not have a village open defication free. The conclusion of this research is the implementation of the stop defecation program in the working area of District Health Office Banjarnegara 2015 in general in both categories , but there must be improvements and improvements in some variables program and almost the components Context , Input , Process , and Product there should be improved and upgraded , needs to be improved is still in the category enough and needs to be improved is still in the category of less and very less

Earthworks risk assessment on a heritage railway

The UK is home to a substantial number of heritage and tourist railways, which make a significant contribution to their local economies. They are mostly constructed on the routes of closed lines, and include large numbers of earthworks of uncertain construction and unknown strength. Recently, there have been earthwork collapses, most notably on the Gloucester and Warwickshire Railway during 2010 and 2011. The Office of Rail Regulation has also noted a number of safety incidents on heritage railways, all attributable to management failures. This paper describes an analysis of the Victorian earthworks on the Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway, a 8 km-long heritage railway in central Scotland. The analysis and risk prioritisation method used by Network Rail was found to be unsuitable for direct application to heritage railways, owing to the different operating context. A new system was therefore developed, removing some risk factors from the Network Rail approach, adding others, and modifying further ones. The new system was successfully applied, and the Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway earthworks were found to be generally stable and safe

Body mass index (BMI) of adults: findings of the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS)

The Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) was carried out between October 2002 and July 2003, involving 6,775 men and 3,441 women aged 18 - 59 years. Anthropometric assessment showed that the overall mean body weight and BMI were 62.65 kg (CI: 62.20, 63.09) and 24.37 kg/m2 (CI: 24.21, 24.53) respectively. Based on the WHO (1998) classification of BMI, 12.15% (CI: 11.26, 13.10) were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), and 26.71% (CI: 25.50, 27.96) overweight (BMI > 25-29.9 kg/m2). Significantly, more women were obese [14.66% (CI: 13.37, 16.04)] while significantly more men were overweight [28.55% (CI: 26.77, 30.40)]. Ethnicitywise, prevalence of obesity was highest among the Malays [15.28% (CI: 13.91, 16.77)] while overweight was highest for the Indians [31.01% (CI: 26.64, 35.76)]. Both obesity and overweight were highest among those aged 40-49 years. Obesity was highest for those whose household income was between RM1,500-3,500 while overweight was more prevalent for those whose household income exceeded RM3,500. The prevalence of overweight was highest for those with primary education [31.90% (CI: 29.21, 34.72)]. There was no significant urban-rural differential in both obesity and overweight. The study found 9.02% (CI: 8.82, 10.61) with chronic energy deficiency (CED) (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). The prevalence of CED was relatively higher in the indigenous population (Orang Asli) [14.53% (CI: 5.14, 34.77)], subjects aged 18-19 years [26.24% (CI: 21.12, 32.09)], and with monthly household income of < RM1,500 [10.85% (CI: 9.63, 12.20)]. The prevalence of CED was not significantly different among the geographical zones and educational levels, and between urban/rural areas and sexes. The results call for priority action to address the serious problem of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults as it poses a grave burden to the country's resources and development

Biological monitoring of environmental lead on school children subsequent to the use of unleaded gasoline (1998) in Malaysia

was widely used in 1998. The objectives were to monitor lead exposure using blood lead, urine δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) and urine lead concentrations as biological indicators and to determine the relationship between these variables. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty nine school children, 169 from an urban school of Kuala Lumpur and 100 from an industrial school in southern Malaysia were selected for the study. These were Malay children in the age range of 6 ½ to 8 ½ years old. Blood and urine lead concentrations were analyzed using the Graphic Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Urine δ-ALA was measured with Spectrophotometer UV/VIS. Results: The mean blood lead concentrations of the urban children (3.56 μg/dl) and the industrial children (3.75 μg/dl) were not significantly different (p=0.451). The urine δ-ALA (urban=9.606; industrial= 6.965 mg/g creatinine) and urine lead (urban=2.625; industrial=4.548 μg/g creatinine) of the urban children were significantly higher than the industrial children (p=0.014: p 10 mg/dl. About 78% of the urban children and 76% of the industrial children have urine δ-ALA in a normal range (<0.6 mg/100ml) while 22% of the urban children and 24% of the industrial children were in the acceptable range (0.6 – 2.0 mg/100ml). All the children had normal urine lead concentrations (<8 μg/100ml). Conclusion: These children were not highly exposed to lead as indicated by their blood lead, urine δ-ALA and urine lead concentrations which were below the allowable standard in both study areas. This may be due t the total ban on leaded gasoline in the country since 1998 and as a result, the environment lead exposure in these areas was quite low

Thesis : Evaluasi Program Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan Dengan Pendekatan CIPP (Context, Input, Process & Product) di Kabupaten Banjarnegara

Akses masyarakat terhadap jamban sehat di wilayah Kabupaten Banjarnegara pada tahun 2015 masih terendah di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yaitu 44,9%, upaya yang dilakukan sejak tahun 2008 adalah dengan adanya Program stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara melalui puskesmas di wilayah kerjanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi program stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan dengan pendekatan CIPP (Context, Input, Process & Product). Penelitian evaluatif ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat deskriptif, dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2016 di 12 Puskesmas dengan jumlah responden 63 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada evaluasi context tujuan program dan landasan yuridis masih mempunyai kategori yang sangat kurang. Pada evaluasi input alat pembuat jamban masuk dalan kategori sangat kurang dan kebijakan program masih mempunyai kategori yang kurang. Pada evaluasi process pendampingan masih dalam kategori kurang, hal ini terjadi karena hampir di seluruh puskesmas belum melaksanakan pendampingan setelah dilakukan kegiatan pemicuan stop BABS. Pada evaluasi product capaian desa yang stop buang air besar sembarangan masih dalam kategori kurang, itu artinya hampir di seluruh puskesmas belum memiliki desa SBS/ODF. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan program stop BABS di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2015 secara umum dalam kategori baik, namun harus ada perbaikan dan peningkatan pada beberapa variabel program dan hampir di semua komponen (Context, Input, Process & Product) ada yang harus diperbaiki dan ditingkatkan, yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah yang masih dalam kategori cukup dan yang perlu diperbaiki adalah yang masih dalam kategori kurang dan sangat kurang.Kata kunci : evaluasi, CIPP (context, input, process & product), STOP BABS29,5 x 21,7 cm; xxiii; 155 hl

EVALUASI PROGRAM STOP BUANG AIR BESAR SEMBARANGAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN CIPP (CONTEXT, INPUT,PROCESS & PRODUCT)DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA

Akses masyarakat terhadap jamban sehat diwilayah Kabupaten Banjarnegara pada tahun 2015 masih terendah di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yaitu 44,9 %, upaya yang dilakukan sejak tahun 2008 adalah dengan adanya Program stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan yang yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara melalui puskesmas diwilayah kerjanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi program stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan dengan pendekatan CIPP (Context, Input, Process & Product). Penelitan evaluatif ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat deskriptif, dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2016 di 12 Puskesmas dengan jumlah responden 63 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada evaluasi context tujuan program dan landasan yuridis masih mempunyai kategori yang sangat kurang. Pada evaluasi input alat pembuat jamban masuk dalam kategori sangat kurang dan kebijakan program masih mempunyai kategori yang kurang. Pada evaluasi process pendampingan masih dalam kategori kurang, hal ini terjadi karena hampir diseluruh puskesmas belum melaksanakan pendampingan setelah dilakukan kegiatan pemicuan stop BABS. Pada evaluasi product capaian desa yang stop buang air besar sembarangan masih dalam kategori kurang, itu artinya hampir diseluruh puskesmas belum memiliki desa SBS/ODF. Kesimpulan dari penilitian ini adalah pelaksanaan program stop BABS di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2015 secara umum dalam kategori baik, namun harus ada perbaikan dan peningkatan pada beberapa variabel program dan hampir si semua komponen Context, Input, Process, & Product ada yang harus diperbaiki dan ditingkatkan, yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah yang masih dalam kategori cukup dan yang perlu diperbaiki adalah yang masih dalam kategori kurang dan sangat kurang