BIO-ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AVELUMAB, AXITINIB AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES IN RABBIT PLASMA BY USING LCMS/MS

Objective: An easy, quick, precise, active and reproducible LC-MS/MS technique was developed for the bioanalytical method of Avelumab and Axitinib using Cytarabine as an internal standard. Methods: This article summarizes the recent progress on bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods using waters x-bridge phenyl column (150x4.6 mm, 3.5µ) column and organic mobile phase of 0.1% Tri fluoro acetic acid and Acetonitrile in 50:50 ratio. Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 2-40 ng/ml for avelumab and 0.5-10 ng/ml axitnib. Accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability results were found to be within the suitable limits. Simple and efficient method was developed and utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to see the investigated analyte in body fluids. Conclusion: The application denotes all the parameters of system suitability, specificity, linearity and accuracy are in good agreement with USFDA guidelines and applied effectively for the investigation of pharmacokinetic studies in rabbit

Exploring the Purchasing Motives of Young Pakistani Consumers for Foreign Brands

Cross-border service relationships are considerable issues in Pakistan, which tend researchers to work in this area of research. The core purpose of this study was to explore the impact of quality, satisfaction, and value on purchase intentions for foreign brands among young Pakistani customers. The data was collected from a random sample of 500 university students through questionnaire designed by the researchers. The findings suggest that providing quality and satisfaction to Pakistani ethnocentric customers does not guarantee the brand to earn loyalty in return. Foreign brands can succeed in creating brand value through creating a convinced link with some tangible benefits and by creating means of self-presentation for the customers. The student’s responses can be assumed as a limitation of this study, which can be justified by considering the fact that the study is first of its type in the Pakistani environment

Self-Navigation Car using Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, a project is described which is a 2-D modelled version of a car that will learn how to drive itself. It will have to figure everything out on its own. In addition, to achieve that the simulator contains a car running simultaneously &can be controlled by different control algorithms - heuristic, reinforcement learning-based, etc. For each dynamic input, the Reinforcement- Learning modifies new patterns. Ultimately, Reinforcement Learning helps in maximizing the reward from every state. In this first Part, we will implement a Reinforcement-Learning model to build an AI for Self Driving Car. Project will be focusing on the brain of the car not any graphics. The car will detect obstacles and take basic actions. To make autonomous car or self-driving car a reality, some of the factors to be considered are human safety and quality of life

Study the Effect of Substitution Filler on performance of Asphalt Mixture

The major distresses in asphalt pavements are rutting, fatigue, and adhesion loss (moisture susceptibility). In this research study, two substitution fillers (Cement and Lime) were used with two different aggregate quarries (based on minerals composition) to evaluate the relatively most beneficial combination of both fillers as well as an aggregate quarry to enhance the performance life of asphalt pavements, especially in under-developed countries. Four basic tests, (Asphalt Pavement Analyzer, Four Points Bending Beam, Dynamic Modulus, and Rolling Bottle Test) that used for the most desired properties of any asphalt pavement, were utilized to access the performance properties of modified asphalt mixture. Based on all laboratory test results this research study concludes that replacement of aggregate filler with hydrated lime and cement has a beneficial effect on asphalt mix performance and to save investment by using raw material. Substitution filler improves the high-temperature rut performance and intermediate temperature fatigue performance of asphaltic concrete mixture up to 25% to that of the conventional mixture. At the same time, substitution filler has more beneficial to improve 70% adhesion properties to that of the conventional mixture

A Preliminary Report on Cleft Deformities of the Face and associated Anomalies in Abha, Saudi Arabia

Cleft deformities of the face are one of the major congenital anomalies seen in our environment. There is a dearth of data from this major Southern city of Saudi Arabia on the incidence of the deformities and associated anomalies. This preliminary report aims to record the pattern of cleft lip/palate and associated anomalies at Aseer Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, to identify all cleft lip and palate patients that reported or were treated between 2005 and 2011. Cleft lip and/or palate records were obtained from patient’s files in Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pediatrics and Medical records. Gender of patient, type of cleft and any associated congenital anomalies/syndromes were recorded. Results: Of the patient records studied, 60% were patients male and 40% female. Isolated cleft palate was the most common at 60% followed by combined cleft lip palate at 24% and isolated cleft lip at 16%. Eleven percent of the patient’s studies showed associated anomalies with isolated cleft palate. Conclusion: The study concluded that isolated cleft palate cases are more common than other variants of orofacial clefts. The pattern of cleft observed in the current study was similar to reported studies for Arab populations. This preliminary report lays the foundation for large population and birth registry based studies for prevalence and frequency of orofacial anomalies in Saudi Arabia

Assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus in mangrove forest soil at awat-awat lawas Sarawak

Despite few studies of forest health and environmental conditions of mangrove forest in Sarawak, the data was not sufficient to facilitate baseline data and direct comparison of mangrove forest health obtained for mangrove forest in Awat-Awat, Lawas, Sarawak. The objectives of the study were to determine the total N and available P concentration in the mangrove forest soil along with the effect of the soil depth on nutrient concentration. Mangrove soil samples were taken from Lawas Division of Sarawak at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths. Selected soil chemical properties as N, P, pH and Soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were determined using standard methods. As a result, means of selected chemical properties are as follow, 0-30 cm N% (0.196), P (15.59 ppm), pH in water solution (5.83), pH in 1M KCl (5.32) and CEC (27.53 cmol) while at 30-50 cm, Total N% (0.403), P (6.45 ppm), pH in water (5.59), pH in 1 M KCl (4.99) and CEC (29.57 cmol). Conclusion of this study, soil depth has given significant effects on the soil acidity, total N, available P and CEC with the difference depth. Where top soil contains less nutrient concentration than the bottom soil. The data statistical analysis has shown there are significantly different between the depths of the mangrove soil. Obtained data can be useful for further study of nutrient content and for the rehabilitation of the mangrove forest in another area

Semangat solidaritas disaat krisis : Potret Universitas dibawah afliasi Muhammadiyah dalam penanganan covid 19

This article aims to explore the extent to which the universities under affiliation Muhammadiyah in handling Covid-19. The method in this paper using qualitative explorative with case study approaches. To capture the data and information related to the topic, we assisted by Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) with NVivo 12 plus software. In this article, we focus on the philanthropic movements carried out by universities under the auspices of Muhammadiyah, taking examples from 6 Muhammadiyah Universities as a study to identify it. On the other hand, this study relies on essential variables from the philanthropic movement to conceptualize Giving, Services, and Association practices. We findings, universities under affiliation Muhammadiyah are taking part in dealing with Covid-19. Various actors are involved, not only from Muhammadiyah University but also from collaborating with other stakeholders such as Government, Community in response to the Covid-19 with various programs and activities initiatives. In Spirit of Giving, Muhammadiyah Universities have the most prominent intensity, with 54% divided on health, education, and social sectors. The Spirit of Service that universities have 20%, where many things initiate various programs and activities. Furthermore, the Spirit of Association with 18%, in which those Muhammadiyah Universities collaborate with other stakeholders such as internal and external actors. That is all in order to accelerate the elimination of the Covid-19 outbreak

Frequency of bloodstream infection in febrile neutropenic patients, experience from a developing country

Introduction: About 20% of febrile neutropenic patients are presented with bloodstream infection which is a leading cause of mortality among these patients. Awareness of the locally prevalent pathogens and their susceptibility pattern is important for proper treatment of infection which improves survival in these patients. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bloodstream infection in patients with febrile neutropenia admitted in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital.Methods; This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medical wards in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from 21-2-2016 to 20-8-2017. Patients of over 15 years of age of either gender with severe neutropenia were included in this study. Patients with noninfectious cause of fever, or fever prior to neutropenia were excluded. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled after taking informed consent. About 2-5 ml blood was collected under aseptic measures in Bactac culture bottles. Blood samples were sent to lab within 30 min of collection. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of all isolates was performed on diagnostic Sensitivity test plates by Kerby - Bauer Method. Patients were referred back to treating physician if blood culture is positive. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results; Of 200 patients, the mean age was 25.8 ± 5.7 years, 120 (60%) were male with male to female ratio of 1.5:1, 89 (44.5%) had low grade fever (Temp. ≤102 °C) and 111 (55.5%) had high grade fever(Temp. \u3e102 °C). The frequency of staphylococcus aureus was 16%, E. coli was 14.5%, Pseudomonas 8.5% and Klebsiella 15.5.Conclusion: It is concluded that the frequency of staphylococcus aureus was 16%, E. coli was 14.5%, Pseudomonas 8.5% and Klebsiella 15.5

SEMANGAT SOLIDARITAS DI SAAT KRISIS: POTRET UNIVERSITAS DI BAWAH AFILIASI MUHAMMADIYAH DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19

This article aims to explore the extent to which the universities under affiliation Muhammadiyah in handling Covid-19. The method in this paper using qualitative explorative with case study approaches. To capture the data and information related to the topic, we assisted by Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) with NVivo 12 plus software. In this article, we focus on the philanthropic movements carried out by universities under the auspices of Muhammadiyah, taking examples from 6 Muhammadiyah Universities as a study to identify it. On the other hand, this study relies on essential variables from the philanthropic movement to conceptualize Giving, Services, and Association practices. We findings, universities under affiliation Muhammadiyah are taking part in dealing with Covid-19. Various actors are involved, not only from Muhammadiyah University but also from collaborating with other stakeholders such as Government, Community in response to the Covid-19 with various programs and activities initiatives. In Spirit of Giving, Muhammadiyah Universities have the most prominent intensity, with 54% divided on health, education, and social sectors. The Spirit of Service that universities have 20%, where many things initiate various programs and activities. Furthermore, the Spirit of Association with 18%, in which those Muhammadiyah Universities collaborate with other stakeholders such as internal and external actors. That is all in order to accelerate the elimination of the Covid-19 outbreak.This article aims to explore the extent to which the universities under affiliation Muhammadiyah in handling Covid-19. The method in this paper using qualitative explorative with case study approaches. To capture the data and information related to the topic, we assisted by Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) with NVivo 12 plus software. In this article, we focus on the philanthropic movements carried out by universities under the auspices of Muhammadiyah, taking examples from 6 Muhammadiyah Universities as a study to identify it. On the other hand, this study relies on essential variables from the philanthropic movement to conceptualize Giving, Services, and Association practices. We findings, universities under affiliation Muhammadiyah are taking part in dealing with Covid-19. Various actors are involved, not only from Muhammadiyah University but also from collaborating with other stakeholders such as Government, Community in response to the Covid-19 with various programs and activities initiatives. In Spirit of Giving, Muhammadiyah Universities have the most prominent intensity, with 54% divided on health, education, and social sectors. The Spirit of Service that universities have 20%, where many things initiate various programs and activities. Furthermore, the Spirit of Association with 18%, in which those Muhammadiyah Universities collaborate with other stakeholders such as internal and external actors. That is all in order to accelerate the elimination of the Covid-19 outbreak