Выявление факторов риска регионарного метастазирования дифференцированного рака щитовидной железы

Diagnostic difficulties of regional metastases, especially lesion of the central neck, is the main problem with choosing the type of surgical intervention for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosis. The frequency of differentiated thyroid cancer regional metastasis to the neck lymph nodes is about 60 %. This article includes the search and identification of risk factors of differentiated thyroid cancer regional metastases, as well as a review of the literature on this problem. We have analyzed the results of surgical treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer of Stage I–III (T1–4aN0–1bM0) who underwent surgical treatment at the St. Petersburg State Healthcare Institution «City Clinical Oncology Center» in 2018–2019. As a result of the study, the data revealed a relationship between regional metastases and intrathyroid vascular invasion of the primary tumor (p < 0.05), while multifocality, extrathyroid extension and the incidence of BRAF mutation have not demonstrated this correlation (p > 0.05). After the surgical treatment we should focus on the presence of vascular invasion and, if it is detected, perform final thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection with subsequent radioiodine therapy.Трудность диагностики регионарных метастазов, особенно при поражении центрального уровня шеи, представляет основную проблему выбора объема хирургического вмешательства у пациентов с диагнозом дифференцированного рака щитовидной железы (РЩЖ). Частота регионарного метастазирования дифференцированного РЩЖ в лимфатические узлы шеи составляет в среднем 60 %. В статье описан процесс поиска факторов риска регионарного метастазирования дифференцированного рака щитовидной железы, а также дан обзор литературы по данной проблеме. Были проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с морфологическим диагнозом папиллярного РЩЖ I–III стадии T1–4aN0–1bM0, которым было проведено хирургическое лечение в СПБ ГБУЗ «Городской клинический онкологический диспансер» Минздрава России в период с 2018 по 2019 гг. Согласно полученным в результате исследования данным выявлена связь регионального метастазирования с интратиреоидной сосудистой инвазией первичной опухоли (p < 0,05), тогда как многофокусность, экcтратиреоидное распространение и наличие BRAF-мутации данной корреляции не продемонстрировали (p > 0,05). После выполненного хирургического лечения у пациентов с дифференцированным РЩЖ при оценке послеоперационного гистологического материала следует акцентировать внимание на наличии интратиреоидной сосудистой инвазии первичной опухоли и при её обнаружении расширять объём лечения и выполнять завершающую тиреоидэктомию с лимфодиссекцией и последующей радиойодтерапией

On the evaluation of noise immunity of different classes of wideband signals

The current stage of the development of the society is characterized by a continuous increase in remote interaction between subscribers and user requests for various types of multiservice services, with the required quality regardless of their location. This is mainly implemented on the basis of wireless communication systems (SBS) at the current tim

About the possibility of the type broadband channel signal aplication with linear frequency modulation in multichannel systems of satellite communication

They consider the expediency of one class of broadband channel signal application created on the basis of intrapulse phase modulation according to the pseudo-random sequence (PRS) of a linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) radio pulse in multi-channel satellite communication systems with the code division of the frequency-time resources of a communication channel. In the framework of this paper, the uncertainty functions (UF) and the mutual uncertainty functions (MUF) of the proposed class of signals are studied in order to evaluate the effect of the Doppler frequency shift on its noise immunity and the dimension of an ensemble volume concerning weakly correlated forms of this signa

Expression of insulin pathway genes during the period of caste determination in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Female honeybees have two castes, queens and workers. Developmental fate is determined by larval diet. Coding sequences made available through the Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium allow for a pathway-based approach to understanding caste determination. We examined the expression of several genes of the insulin signalling pathway, which is central to regulation of growth based on nutrition. We found one insulin-like peptide expressed at very high levels in queen but not worker larvae. Also, the gene for an insulin receptor was expressed at higher levels in queen larvae during the 2nd larval instar. These results demonstrate that the insulin pathway is a compelling candidate for pursing the relationship between diet and downstream signals involved in caste determination and differentiation

Transcript levels of ten caste-related genes in adult diploid males of Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) - A comparison with haploid males, queens and workers

In Hymenoptera, homozygosity at the sex locus results in the production of diploid males. In social species, these pose a double burden by having low fitness and drawing resources normally spent for increasing the work force of a colony. Yet, diploid males are of academic interest as they can elucidate effects of ploidy (normal males are haploid, whereas the female castes, the queens and workers, are diploid) on morphology and life history. Herein we investigated expression levels of ten caste-related genes in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata, comparing newly emerged and 5-day-old diploid males with haploid males, queens and workers. In diploid males, transcript levels for dunce and paramyosin were increased during the first five days of adult life, while those for diacylglycerol kinase and the transcriptional co-repressor groucho diminished. Two general trends were apparent, (i) gene expression patterns in diploid males were overall more similar to haploid ones and workers than to queens, and (ii) in queens and workers, more genes were up-regulated after emergence until day five, whereas in diploid and especially so in haploid males more genes were down-regulated. This difference between the sexes may be related to longevity, which is much longer in females than in males

Queen mandibular pheromone: questions that remain to be resolved

The discovery of ‘queen substance’, and the subsequent identification and synthesis of keycomponents of queen mandibular pheromone, has been of significant importance to beekeepers and to thebeekeeping industry. Fifty years on, there is greater appreciation of the importance and complexity of queenpheromones, but many mysteries remain about the mechanisms through which pheromones operate. Thediscovery of sex pheromone communication in moths occurred within the same time period, but in this case,intense pressure to find better means of pest management resulted in a remarkable focusing of research activityon understanding pheromone detection mechanisms and the central processing of pheromone signals in themoth. We can benefit from this work and here, studies on moths are used to highlight some of the gaps in ourknowledge of pheromone communication in bees. A better understanding of pheromone communication inhoney bees promises improved strategies for the successful management of these extraordinary animals

A Honey Bee Hexamerin, HEX 70a, Is Likely to Play an Intranuclear Role in Developing and Mature Ovarioles and Testioles

Insect hexamerins have long been known as storage proteins that are massively synthesized by the larval fat body and secreted into hemolymph. Following the larval-to-pupal molt, hexamerins are sequestered by the fat body via receptor-mediated endocytosis, broken up, and used as amino acid resources for metamorphosis. In the honey bee, the transcript and protein subunit of a hexamerin, HEX 70a, were also detected in ovaries and testes. Aiming to identify the subcellular localization of HEX 70a in the female and male gonads, we used a specific antibody in whole mount preparations of ovaries and testes for analysis by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Intranuclear HEX 70a foci were evidenced in germ and somatic cells of ovarioles and testioles of pharate-adult workers and drones, suggesting a regulatory or structural role. Following injection of the thymidine analog EdU we observed co-labeling with HEX 70a in ovariole cell nuclei, inferring possible HEX 70a involvement in cell proliferation. Further support to this hypothesis came from an injection of anti-HEX 70a into newly ecdysed queen pupae where it had a negative effect on ovariole thickening. HEX 70a foci were also detected in ovarioles of egg laying queens, particularly in the nuclei of the highly polyploid nurse cells and in proliferating follicle cells. Additional roles for this storage protein are indicated by the detection of nuclear HEX 70a foci in post-meiotic spermatids and spermatozoa. Taken together, these results imply undescribed roles for HEX 70a in the developing gonads of the honey bee and raise the possibility that other hexamerins may also have tissue specific functions

Comprehensive analysis of epigenetic clocks reveals associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume

The concept of age acceleration, the difference between biological age and chronological age, is of growing interest, particularly with respect to age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Whilst studies have reported associations with AD risk and related phenotypes, there remains a lack of consensus on these associations. Here we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between five recognised measures of age acceleration, based on DNA methylation patterns (DNAm age), and cross-sectional and longitudinal cognition and AD-related neuroimaging phenotypes (volumetric MRI and Amyloid-β PET) in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Significant associations were observed between age acceleration using the Hannum epigenetic clock and cross-sectional hippocampal volume in AIBL and replicated in ADNI. In AIBL, several other findings were observed cross-sectionally, including a significant association between hippocampal volume and the Hannum and Phenoage epigenetic clocks. Further, significant associations were also observed between hippocampal volume and the Zhang and Phenoage epigenetic clocks within Amyloid-β positive individuals. However, these were not validated within the ADNI cohort. No associations between age acceleration and other Alzheimer’s disease-related phenotypes, including measures of cognition or brain Amyloid-β burden, were observed, and there was no association with longitudinal change in any phenotype. This study presents a link between age acceleration, as determined using DNA methylation, and hippocampal volume that was statistically significant across two highly characterised cohorts. The results presented in this study contribute to a growing literature that supports the role of epigenetic modifications in ageing and AD-related phenotypes