1,707 research outputs found
TransverseDiff gravity is to scalar-tensor as unimodular gravity is to General Relativity
Transverse Diffeomorphism (TDiff) theories are well-motivated theories of
gravity from the quantum perspective, which are based upon a gauge symmetry
principle. The main contribution of this work is to firmly establish a
correspondence between TransverseDiff and the better-known scalar-tensor
gravity --- in its more general form ---, a relation which is completely
analogous to that between unimodular gravity and General Relativity. We then
comment on observational aspects of TDiff. In connection with this proof, we
derive a very general rule that determines under what conditions the procedure
of fixing a gauge symmetry can be equivalently applied before the variational
principle leading to the equations of motion, as opposed to the standard
procedure, which takes place afterwards; this rule applies to gauge-fixing
terms without derivatives.Comment: 10 pages; amsart style; v3: version as appeared in JCAP, redaction
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Development of Neutron Probes for Characterization of Hazardous Materials in the Sub-surface Medium
Neutron probes are being developed at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for the detection, identification and quantification of hazardous materials in the ground. Such materials include plutonium, uranium, americium, chlorine and fluorine. Both a Neutron Gamma (NG) probe and a Prompt Fission Neutron (PFN) probe are being developed. The NG probe is used primarily for nuclide identification and quantification measurements. The PFN is used mostly for the detection and measurement of fissile material, but also for the determination of thermal neutron macroscopic absorption cross sections of the various elements comprising the ground matrix. Calibration of these probes will be carried out at the INEEL using an indoor facility that has been designed for this activity
Propagator of a Charged Particle with a Spin in Uniform Magnetic and Perpendicular Electric Fields
We construct an explicit solution of the Cauchy initial value problem for the
time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a charged particle with a spin moving
in a uniform magnetic field and a perpendicular electric field varying with
time. The corresponding Green function (propagator) is given in terms of
elementary functions and certain integrals of the fields with a characteristic
function, which should be found as an analytic or numerical solution of the
equation of motion for the classical oscillator with a time-dependent
frequency. We discuss a particular solution of a related nonlinear Schroedinger
equation and some special and limiting cases are outlined.Comment: 17 pages, no figure
Defining the origins of multiple emission/excitation in rhenium-bisthiazole complexes
The underlying mechanism of the unusual emissive behavior of [Re(CO) 3 -1,1-bis-4-thiazole-(1,4)-diaminobutane)] bromide (4-BT) has been investigated. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of structurally similar isomers ([Re(CO) 3 -1,1-bis-2-thiazole-(1,4)-diaminobutane)] bromide (2-BT)) and the location of triplet states, solid state and low temperature spectroscopic measurements, and DFT calculations show that the photophysical properties are not due to photoisomerization as previously hypothesized. The results show that the unusual emissive behavior is not observed in structural isomers, is specific to the previously reported complex, 4-BT, and may arise from vibrational energy relaxation and vibrational cooling. Translation of the unusual emissive behavior to the solid state offers an interesting platform allowing this complex to be potentially utilized as a probe, sensor or photonic device
Small-molecule conversion of toxic oligomers to nontoxic β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils
Several lines of evidence indicate that prefibrillar assemblies of amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) polypeptides, such as soluble oligomers or protofibrils, rather than mature, end-stage amyloid fibrils cause neuronal dysfunction and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that reducing the prevalence of transient intermediates by small molecule-mediated stimulation of amyloid polymerization might decrease toxicity. Here we demonstrate the acceleration of A{beta} fibrillogenesis through the action of the orcein-related small molecule O4, which directly binds to hydrophobic amino acid residues in A{beta} peptides and stabilizes the self-assembly of seeding-competent, {beta}-sheet-rich protofibrils and fibrils. Notably, the O4-mediated acceleration of amyloid fibril formation efficiently decreases the concentration of small, toxic A{beta} oligomers in complex, heterogeneous aggregation reactions. In addition, O4 treatment suppresses inhibition of long-term potentiation by A{beta} oligomers in hippocampal brain slices. These results support the hypothesis that small, diffusible prefibrillar amyloid species rather than mature fibrillar aggregates are toxic for mammalian cells
Flavor changing single top quark production channels at e^+e^- colliders in the effective Lagrangian description
We perform a global analysis of the sensitivity of LEP2 and e^+e^- colliders
with a c.m. energy in the range 500 - 2000 GeV to new flavor-changing single
top quark production in the effective Lagrangian approach. The processes
considered are sensitive to new flavor-changing effective vertices such as Ztc,
htc, four-Fermi tcee contact terms as well as a right-handed Wtb coupling. We
show that e^+ e^- colliders are most sensitive to the physics responsible for
the contact tcee vertices. For example, it is found that the recent data from
the 189 GeV LEP2 run can be used to rule out any new flavor physics that can
generate these four-Fermi operators up to energy scales of \Lambda > 0.7 - 1.4
TeV, depending on the type of the four-Fermi interaction. We also show that a
corresponding limit of \Lambda > 1.3 - 2.5 and \Lambda > 17 - 27 TeV can be
reached at the future 200 GeV LEP2 run and a 1000 GeV e^+e^- collider,
respectively. We note that these limits are much stronger than the typical
limits which can be placed on flavor diagonal four-Fermi couplings. Similar
results hold for \mu^+\mu^- colliders and for tu(bar) associated production.
Finally we briefly comment on the necessity of measuring all flavor-changing
effective vertices as they can be produced by different types of heavy physics.Comment: 34 pages, plain latex, 7 figures embadded in the text using epsfig.
Added new references and discussions regarding their relevance to the paper.
Added more comments on the comparison between flavor-changing and
flavor-diagonal contact terms and on the importance of measuring the Ztc
verte
Geometry and material effects in Casimir physics - Scattering theory
We give a comprehensive presentation of methods for calculating the Casimir
force to arbitrary accuracy, for any number of objects, arbitrary shapes,
susceptibility functions, and separations. The technique is applicable to
objects immersed in media other than vacuum, to nonzero temperatures, and to
spatial arrangements in which one object is enclosed in another. Our method
combines each object's classical electromagnetic scattering amplitude with
universal translation matrices, which convert between the bases used to
calculate scattering for each object, but are otherwise independent of the
details of the individual objects. This approach, which combines methods of
statistical physics and scattering theory, is well suited to analyze many
diverse phenomena. We illustrate its power and versatility by a number of
examples, which show how the interplay of geometry and material properties
helps to understand and control Casimir forces. We also examine whether
electrodynamic Casimir forces can lead to stable levitation. Neglecting
permeabilities, we prove that any equilibrium position of objects subject to
such forces is unstable if the permittivities of all objects are higher or
lower than that of the enveloping medium; the former being the generic case for
ordinary materials in vacuum.Comment: 44 pages, 11 figures, to appear in upcoming Lecture Notes in Physics
volume in Casimir physic
Very short-lived halogens amplify ozone depletion trends in the tropical lower stratosphere
In contrast to the general stratospheric ozone recovery following international agreements, recent observations show an ongoing net ozone depletion in the tropical lower stratosphere (LS). This depletion is thought to be driven by dynamical transport accelerated by global warming, while chemical processes have been considered to be unimportant. Here we use a chemistry–climate model to demonstrate that halogenated ozone-depleting very short-lived substances (VSLS) chemistry may account for around a quarter of the observed tropical LS negative ozone trend in 1998–2018. VSLS sources include both natural and anthropogenic emissions. Future projections show the persistence of the currently unaccounted for contribution of VSLS to ozone loss throughout the twenty-first century in the tropical LS, the only region of the global stratosphere not projecting an ozone recovery by 2100. Our results show the need for mitigation strategies of anthropogenic VSLS emissions to preserve the present and future ozone layer in low latitudes
COVID-19 and stem cell transplantation; results from an EBMT and GETH multicenter prospective survey
Altres ajuts: British Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (BSBMTCT); UK NIHR Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre.This study reports on 382 COVID-19 patients having undergone allogeneic (n = 236) or autologous (n = 146) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reported to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) or to the Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (GETH). The median age was 54.1 years (1.0-80.3) for allogeneic, and 60.6 years (7.7-81.6) for autologous HCT patients. The median time from HCT to COVID-19 was 15.8 months (0.2-292.7) in allogeneic and 24.6 months (−0.9 to 350.3) in autologous recipients. 83.5% developed lower respiratory tract disease and 22.5% were admitted to an ICU. Overall survival at 6 weeks from diagnosis was 77.9% and 72.1% in allogeneic and autologous recipients, respectively. Children had a survival of 93.4%. In multivariate analysis, older age (p = 0.02), need for ICU (p < 0.0001) and moderate/high immunodeficiency index (p = 0.04) increased the risk while better performance status (p = 0.001) decreased the risk for mortality. Other factors such as underlying diagnosis, time from HCT, GVHD, or ongoing immunosuppression did not significantly impact overall survival. We conclude that HCT patients are at high risk of developing LRTD, require admission to ICU, and have increased mortality in COVID-19
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