Realistic simulation in nursing education: Testing two scenario‐based models

Aim: To evaluate students' self- perceived pedagogical outcomes when using a digital scenario- based tool compared to traditional scenarios printed on paper. Design: This study used a within- subjects experiment. Method: A digital platform for scenario development was developed, focusing on patients' regaining independence and returning home after an acute event. Students participated in two simulation activities, differing only in the type of scenario used and completed a questionnaire to evaluate their learning experience. Results: Students considered that the new scenario template provided a clearer understanding of the situation under analysis, allowing them to recognize the focuses of attention to be prioritized when formulating the intervention plan. No Patient or Public Contribution: A digital platform for a standardized process of scenario writing to help realistic simulation in nursing education is a novelty in this study and will likely contribute to substantial learning gains.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fatores determinantes para o autocuidado na doença crónica: uma revisão integrativa

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El cuidado de familiares adultos: ¿Cómo afecta a la salud y al bienestar del cuidador familiar?

Introducción. El cuidado de un miembrode la familia con dependencia para los cuidados personales es un procesocomplejo que afecta a la salud y al bienestar del cuidador familiar. Objetivos. Sistematizar la producción científica nacional sobre las implicacionesen la salud y bienestar de los que tienen a su cargo cuidar familiares com dependencia en el autocuidado. Método. Se llevó a cabo una revisión integradora, respaldada por el Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal entre los años 2000 y 2012, en la que se tuvieron en cuenta todos los documentos completos accesibles. Seutilizó el método PI(CO)D. Para el análisis de los datos se solicitó la intervenciónde dos revisores independientes. Se utilizaron los indicadores del Joanna Briggs Institute para analizar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados. Se seleccionaron doce estúdios principales. La mayoría de ellos se basaban en investigación observacional de tipo transversal/descriptivo, lo cual permite describir el perfil de los cuidadores familiares e identificar sus necesidades y los factores relacionados con la sobrecarga. Los resultados muestran una mayor sobrecarga/estrés en los cuidadores familiares de personas con demencia y con un nivel elevado de dependencia. La mayor sobrecarga está relacionada con una mala percepción del estado de salud, de la satisfacción y de la calidad de vida del cuidador familiar. Los niveles de sobrecarga asociada, depresión emocional y estrés son más elevados en las mujeres que en los hombres. Conclusiones. La naturaleza de los estúdios utilizados permite identificar el impacto que supone el cuidado de un familiar con dependencia para los cuidadores familiares. No obstante, es imposible analizar los resultados de manera dinámica a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo. Es importante centrarse en la investigación basándose en los mejores datos clínicos disponibles para potenciar la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of dietary incorporation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and exogenous enzymes on broiler performance, carcass traits and meat quality

This study assessed the effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), individually and in combination with exogenous enzymes, on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty Ross 308 male chickens were allocated into 40 battery brooders, with 3 birds per cage, and fed ad libitum a corn-based diet during the first 21 D of the trial. The experimental period lasted from day 21 to 35, during which birds were fed 4 different diets: a corn-soybean basal diet, taken as the control group, a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina (MA), a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP (MAR), and a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina plus 0.01% lysozyme (MAL). Body weight gain (P , 0.001) and feed conversion rate (P , 0.001) were improved in control chickens, when compared with those fed with Spirulina. In addition, Spirulina increased the length of duodenum plus jejunum in relation to the other treatment (P , 0.01). Chickens on the MAL diet showed a considerable increase in digesta viscosity (P , 0.05) compared with the control group. Breast and thigh meats from chickens fed with Spirulina, with or without the addition of exogenous enzymes, had higher values of yellowness (b*) (P , 0.001), total carotenoids (P , 0.001), and saturated fatty acids (P , 0.001), whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (P , 0.01) and a-tocopherol (P , 0.001) decreased, when compared with the control. In conclusion, the incorporation of 15% Spirulina in broiler diets, individually or combined with exogenous enzymes, reduced birds’ performance through a higher digesta viscosity, which is likely associated with the gelation of microalga indigestible proteins. In addition, cell wall of Spirulina was successfully broken by the addition of lysozyme, but not by Rovabio Excel AP. Therefore, we anticipate that the combination of lysozyme with an exogenous specific peptidase could improve the digestibility of proteins from this microalga and avoid their detrimental gelationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Serum adipokine profile and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues are affected by conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fat diets in obese Zucker rats

Funding: The authors acknowledge Clinica Médica e Diagnóstico Dr Joaquim Chaves (Alge´s, Portugal) for the technical assistance regarding the serum lipids determination. The present study was supported by FCT POCTI/CVT/2002/44 750 and PTDC/CVT/2006/66 114 grants. S. V. M., P. A. L. and S. P. A. are the recipients of FCT individual fellowships SFRH/BD/2005/2256, SFRH/BPD/2005/23 931 and SFRH/ BD/2007/37 793, respectively. S. V. M., P. A. L. and C. M. A. performed the animal experiment, tissue sampling, laboratory work and prepared the manuscript. P. O. R. was responsible for Luminex xMAP analysis. S. P. A. and R. J. B. B. were responsible for fatty acid analysis. R. M. A. P. performed the biochemistry serum profile. S. V. M. and R. J. B. B. performed the statistical analysis. M. F. C. and J. A. M. P. were responsible for interpretation of the results, preparation of the manuscript and design of the study.Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported as having body fat lowering properties and the ability to modulate the inflammatory system in several models. In the present study, the effects of CLA added to saturated fat diets, from vegetable and animal origins, on the serum adipokine profile of obese Zucker rats were assessed. In addition, the fatty acid composition of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was determined and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess possible relationships between fatty acids and serum metabolites. Atherogenic diets (2% cholesterol) were formulated with palm oil and ovine fat and supplemented or not with 1% of a mixture (1:1) of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers. CLA-fed animals exhibited lower daily feed intake, final body and liver weights, and hepatic lipids content. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in CLA-supplemented groups. CLA also promoted higher adiponectin and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) serum concentrations. In contrast to palm oil diets, ovine fat increased insulin resistance and serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-1β. Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues had similar deposition of individual fatty acids. The PCA analysis showed that the trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomer was highly associated with adiponectin and PAI-1 levels. Summing up, CLA added to vegetable saturated enriched diets, relative to those from animal origin, seems to improve the serum profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers in obese Zucker rats due to a more favourable fatty acid composition. © 2009 The Authors.publishersversionpublishe

Caring for adut relatives : what impact on health and well-being of the family caregiver?

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