1,040 research outputs found
Comparative value of dry-rolled corn, distiller’s dried grains, and wheat middlings for receiving diets
Two 28-day receiving experiments were
conducted using 620 exotic Ă— British cross
steers to evaluate differences in growth performance,
morbidity, and mortality when fed diets
containing dry-rolled corn, distiller’s dried grains
with solubles, or wheat middlings. All diets
contained approximately 60% concentrate and
40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Gain and efficiency
tended to be poorer for cattle fed the wheat
middling-based diet than for those fed corn. No
notable differences were evident in terms of the
percentage of cattle treated for respiratory
disease. Feed intake and daily gain were improved
slightly when corn was replaced by
distiller’s dried grains, but efficiency was not
changed. However, the incidence of respiratory
disease also was higher for cattle fed the distiller’s
grains diet in comparison to corn
Delayed Reheating and the Breakdown of Coherent Oscillations
We analyze the evolution of the perturbations in the inflaton field and
metric following the end of inflation. We present accurate analytic
approximations for the perturbations, showing that the coherent oscillations of
the post-inflationary condensate necessarily break down long before any current
phenomenological constraints require the universe to become radiation
dominated. Further, the breakdown occurs on length-scales equivalent to the
comoving post-inflationary horizon size. This work has implications for both
the inflationary "matching" problem, and the possible generation of a
stochastic gravitational wave background in the post-inflationary universe.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, v2: references added, extended discussion in
section
Altered fetal skeletal muscle nutrient metabolism following an adverse in utero environment and the modulation of later life insulin sensitivity
The importance of the in utero environment as a contributor to later life metabolic disease has been demonstrated in both human and animal studies. In this review, we consider how disruption of normal fetal growth may impact skeletal muscle metabolic development, ultimately leading to insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity, a key precursor to later life metabolic disease. In cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) associated with hypoxia, where the fetus fails to reach its full growth potential, low birth weight (LBW) is often the outcome, and early in postnatal life, LBW individuals display modifications in the insulin-signaling pathway, a critical precursor to insulin resistance. In this review, we will present literature detailing the classical development of insulin resistance in IUGR, but also discuss how this impaired development, when challenged with a postnatal Western diet, may potentially contribute to the development of later life insulin resistance. Considering the important role of the skeletal muscle in insulin resistance pathogenesis, understanding the in utero programmed origins of skeletal muscle deficiencies in insulin sensitivity and how they may interact with an adverse postnatal environment, is an important step in highlighting potential therapeutic options for LBW offspring born of pregnancies characterized by placental insufficiency
Law, politics and the governance of English and Scottish joint-stock companies 1600-1850
This article examines the impact of law on corporate governance by means of a case study of joint-stock enterprise in England and Scotland before 1850. Based on a dataset of over 450 company constitutions together with qualitative information on governance practice, it finds little evidence to support the hypothesis that common-law regimes such as England were more supportive of economic growth than civil-law jurisdictions such as Scotland: indeed, levels of shareholder protection were slightly stronger in the civil-law zone. Other factors, such as local political institutions, played a bigger role in shaping organisational forms and business practice
Wheat middlings in roughage-based or limit-fed, high-concentrate diets for growing calves
A 101-day growing study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of beef heifers fed wheat middlings in traditional full- fed, sorghum silage-based rations and in limit-fed, high-concentrate rations. Diets were formulated without wheat middlings or with wheat middlings replacing 33, 67, or 100% of rolled corn plus soybean meal. Daily gains decreased linearly (P.30). For the limit-fed diets,
heifer daily gains decreased linearly (P<.01) as the proportion of wheat middlings in the diet increased, resulting in a linear reduction (P<.01) in feed efficiency. Wheat middlings can be utilized effectively as the predominant energy/protein source for growing cattle, though their nutritional and economic value, relative to corn and soybean meal, may be different for roughage-based and limit-fed diets
Open surgery in VR: Inguinal hernia repair according to Lichtenstein
VREST (Virtual Reality Educational Surgical Tools) is developing a universal and\ud
autonomous simulation platform which can be used for training and assessment of\ud
medical students and for continuing education of physicians. A workstation\ud
consisting of two haptic devices and a 3D vision system is part of the VREST\ud
platform. Another part of the platform is a generic software environment in which lessons can be built by the teacher and performed by their students. Using the platform one can see, feel and decide as in reality. With the assessment tool the progress and skills of the students can be supervised. The first lesson build on the VREST platform is an inguinal hernia repair according to Lichtenstein. This is an open surgery procedure. The VREST platform is used prior to the first operating room surgery of the resident. Interactive models and case dependant feedback is used to enlarge the residents’ cognition. This should reduce the training time in the operating room
Solar Neutrinos with Three Flavor Mixings
The recent 71Ga solar neutrino observation is combined with the 37Cl and
Kamiokande-II observations in an analysis for neutrino masses and mixings. The
allowed parameter region is found for matter enhanced mixings among all three
neutrino flavors. Distortions of the solar neutrino spectrum unique to three
flavors are possible and may be observed in continuing and next generation
experiments.Comment: August 1992 (Revised) PURD-TH-92-
Betaine as a dietary supplement for finishing cattle
One hundred seventy five steers (902 lb
initial body weight) were used in a finishing
study to determine the effect of betaine,
provided either as feed-grade betaine
(Betafin-S6, Finnsugar Bioproducts) or as
concentrated separator by-product (CSB; desugared
beet molasses), on animal performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a finishing diet based on steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn. Treatments included 10.5 or 21 g/steer daily supplemental feed-grade betaine or 250 g (15.5 betaine) or 500 g (31 g betaine) of CSB per steer
daily. Dry matter intakes increased (linear,
P<0.1) for steers supplemented with feed-
grade betaine. Average daily gains and feed
efficiencies were not affected by treatments.
Dressing percent and twelfth rib back fat
increased (P<0.1) for steers that received
feed-grade betaine. Rib-eye area decreased
(P<0.1) when steers were supplemented with
either feed-grade betaine or CSB. Yield
grades were significantly higher (linear,
P<0.1) for cattle receiving supplemental CSB
or feed-grade betaine (quadratic, P<.05). Hot carcass weights, KPH, marbling scores, and percentage of carcasses grading USDA
Choice were not affected by supplemental
betaine. In this study, betaine supplementation did not markedly alter growth performance, but carcass fatness tended to increase
for both supplements
Recall and patient perceptions of hip precautions 6 weeks after total hip arthroplasty
Background and purpose — There is a lack of evidence to support the role of hip precautions in preventing dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report an exploratory study which assesses recall, adherence, and the impact of precautions on activities of daily living in the first 6 weeks postoperatively. Patients and methods — We designed a new questionnaire based on the education patients receive and refined by professionals within our multidisciplinary team. 129 patients underwent primary elective THA during the study period and received the questionnaire at 6 weeks postoperatively. Results — 97 (75%) patients responded before the 8th week postoperatively. Most of these (83 patients) could remember all the precautions. Of the 97 who responded only 22 claimed to adhere to all of the precautions. 48 admitted to putting their own underwear on without the use of aids or assistance, and 38 had started walking without an aid. Due to the precautions 67 avoided leaving the house at some point and 63 were unable to perform desired activities. 84 stated that their sleep was affected. There were no dislocations among the 97 patients who responded; however, there was 1 dislocation among the 32 non-responders. Interpretation — We found that most patients did not adhere to hip precaution advice. Precautions have a detrimental effect on patient activity and sleep. In view of the limited efficacy in reducing dislocation rate, we question the use of precautions in the primary arthroplasty setting
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