Епічні аспекти сучасної української драми (на прикладі п’єси Анатолія Крима «Нелегалка»)

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Influencing the insulin system by placebo effects in patients with diabetes type 2 and healthy controls: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether placebo effect induced by pharmacological conditioning with intranasal insulin can affect glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hunger, and memory in patients with diabetes type 2 and healthy controls. Methods: Placebo effect was induced by pharmacological conditioning. Thirty-two older patients (mean age = 68.3 years) with diabetes type 2 and age- and sex-matched thirty-two healthy older adults (mean age = 67.8 years) were randomly assigned to a conditioned or a control group. On day 1, conditioned group received six administrations of intranasal insulin with a conditioned stimulus (CS; smell of rosewood oil), whereas the control group received a placebo with the CS. On day 2, both groups received a placebo spray with the CS. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were repeatedly measured in blood. Hunger and memory were assessed with validated measures. Results: Intranasal insulin stabilized dropping glucose levels in patients (B = 0.03, SE = 0.02, p = .027) and healthy men (B = 0.046, SE = 0.02, p = .021), and decreased C-peptide levels in healthy controls (B = 0.01, SE = 0.001, p = .008). Conditioning also prevented the drop of glucose levels but only in men (both healthy and patients; B = 0.001, SE = 0.0003, p = .024). Conditioning significantly decreased hunger in healthy participants (B = 0.31, SE = 0.09, p Conclusions: Placebo effect induced by conditioning with intranasal insulin modifies blood glucose levels and decreases hunger in older adults, but its effects depend on health status and sex. Insulin conditioning might be beneficial for groups suffering from intensive hunger but seems not be particularly suitable for blood glucose reduction.Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NL7783 Social decision makin

Annexin A5 haplotypes in the antiphospholipid syndrome

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Cost-efficient high-speed components for 100 gigabit ethernet transmission on one wavelength only: Results of the HECTO project

In 2010, the standard for 100GbE was approved, which specifies the transmission of 100 Gb/s via 4 wavelength channels of 25 Gb/s each. A solution based on a 100 Gb/s single wavelength channel is capable of significant cost reductions should the required components be available. Within the HECTO project, we developed components suitable for single-wavelength 100 Gb/s transmission. In this article, the project is described - its organization, objectives, possible impacts, and results - including the successful demonstration in a final field trial. A complete ETDM system utilizing the monolithically integrated transmitter and receiver modules developed in the project was built to transmit 112 Gb/s over 42 km standard single-mode fiber. Finally, we attempt an outlook on the prospective development of Ethernet standardization beyond 100GbE

Thermal-exchange HLA-E multimers reveal specificity in HLA-E and NKG2A/CD94 complex interactions

There is growing interest in HLA-E-restricted T-cell responses as a possible novel, highly conserved, vaccination targets in the context of infectious and malignant diseases. The developing field of HLA multimers for the detection and study of peptide-specific T cells has allowed the in-depth study of TCR repertoires and molecular requirements for efficient antigen presentation and T-cell activation. In this study, we developed a method for efficient peptide thermal exchange on HLA-E monomers and multimers allowing the high-throughput production of HLA-E multimers. We optimized the thermal-mediated peptide exchange, and flow cytometry staining conditions for the detection of TCR and NKG2A/CD94 receptors, showing that this novel approach can be used for high-throughput identification and analysis of HLA-E-binding peptides which could be involved in T-cell and NK cell-mediated immune responses. Importantly, our analysis of NKG2A/CD94 interaction in the presence of modified peptides led to new molecular insights governing the interaction of HLA-E with this receptor. In particular, our results reveal that interactions of HLA-E with NKG2A/CD94 and the TCR involve different residues. Altogether, we present a novel HLA-E multimer technology based on thermal-mediated peptide exchange allowing us to investigate the molecular requirements for HLA-E/peptide interaction with its receptors.Immunogenetics and cellular immunology of bacterial infectious disease

Fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms differentially influence susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine relevant Fc-gamma receptor (FcgammaR) polymorphisms in relation to susceptibility to SLE and LN, and to determine the functional consequences of genetic associations found. METHODS: Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, copy number regions (CNRs) and relevant known functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII were determined in a LN-enriched cohort of 266 Dutch Caucasian SLE patients and 919 healthy Caucasian controls. Expression of FcgammaRs on leukocytes was assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, low copy number of CNR1 (includingFCGR3B; odds ratio (OR) 2.04; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.23),FCGR2A-131RR (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.99), and the 2B.4 haplotype ofFCGR2B(OR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.24), but notFCGR2Copen reading frame, were significantly (all P < 0.01) and independently associated with susceptibility to SLE. The 2B.4 haplotype was negatively associated with LN and led to surface expression of FcgammaRIIb on neutrophils and monocytes. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate the most relevant and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations of FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII polymorphisms in one study population, enabling the determination of the individual contribution of each polymorphism in multivariable analysis. Three polymorphisms were shown to be independently associated with susceptibility to SLE. The novel findings of a negative association of the 2B.4 haplotype with LN, and increased expression of FcgammaRIIb on neutrophils and monocytes as a result of this 2B.4 haplotype warrant future research in the role of these cells and FcgammaRs in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN

International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)

New clinical, laboratory and experimental insights, since the 1999 publication of the Sapporo preliminary classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), had been addressed at a workshop in Sydney, Australia, before the Eleventh International Congress on antiphospholipid antibodies. In this document, we appraise the existing evidence on clinical and laboratory features of APS addressed during the forum. Based on this, we propose amendments to the Sapporo criteria. We also provide definitions on features of APS that were not included in the updated criteria