570 research outputs found
Spectroscopy of resonance decays in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
Invariant mass distributions of the hadronic decay products from resonances
formed in relativistic heavy ion collision (RHIC) experiments are investigated
with a view to disentangle the effects of thermal motion and the phase space of
decay products from those of intrinsic changes in the structure of resonances
at the freeze-out conditions. Analytic results of peak mass shifts for the
cases of both equal and unequal mass decay products are derived. The shift is
expressed in terms of the peak mass and width of the vacuum or medium-modified
spectral functions and temperature. Examples of expected shifts in meson (e.g.,
rho, omega, and sigma) and baryon (e.g., Delta) resonances that are helpful to
interpret recent RHIC measurements at BNL are provided. Although significant
downward mass shifts are caused by widened widths of the meson in
medium, a downward shift of at least 50 MeV in its intrinsic mass is required
to account for the reported downward shift of 60-70 MeV in the peak of the
rho-invariant mass distribution. An observed downward shift from the vacuum
peak value of the Delta distinctively signals a significant downward shift in
its intrinsic peak mass, since unlike for the rho-meson, phase space functions
produce an upward shift for the Delta isobar.Comment: published version with slight change of title and some typos
corrected, 12 pages, 5 figure
Density functional study of the adsorption of K on the Ag(111) surface
Full-potential gradient corrected density functional calculations of the
adsorption of potassium on the Ag(111) surface have been performed. The
considered structures are Ag(111) (root 3 x root 3) R30degree-K and Ag(111) (2
x 2)-K. For the lower coverage, fcc, hcp and bridge site; and for the higher
coverage all considered sites are practically degenerate.
Substrate rumpling is most important for the top adsorption site. The bond
length is found to be nearly identical for the two coverages, in agreement with
recent experiments. Results from Mulliken populations, bond lengths, core level
shifts and work functions consistently indicate a small charge transfer from
the potassium atom to the substrate, which is slightly larger for the lower
coverage.Comment: to appear in Phys Rev
The dihadron fragmentation function and its evolution
Dihadron fragmentation functions and their evolution are studied in the
process of annihilation. Under the collinear factorization
approximation and facilitated by the cut-vertex technique, the two hadron
inclusive cross section at leading order (LO) is shown to factorize into a
short distance parton cross section and a long distance dihadron fragmentation
function. We provide the definition of such a dihadron fragmentation function
in terms of parton matrix elements and derive its DGLAP evolution equation at
leading log. The evolution equation for the non-singlet quark fragmentation
function is solved numerically with a simple ansatz for the initial condition
and results are presented for cases of physical interest.Comment: 27 pages, 2 column, Revtex4, 21 figure
Light propagation in non-trivial QED vacua
Within the framework of effective action QED, we derive the light cone
condition for homogeneous non-trivial QED vacua in the geometric optics
approximation. Our result generalizes the ``unified formula'' suggested by
Latorre, Pascual and Tarrach and allows for the calculation of velocity shifts
and refractive indices for soft photons travelling through these vacua.
Furthermore, we clarify the connection between the light velocity shift and the
scale anomaly. This study motivates the introduction of a so-called effective
action charge that characterizes the velocity modifying properties of the
vacuum. Several applications are given concerning vacuum modifications caused
by, e.g., strong fields, Casimir systems and high temperature.Comment: 13 pages, REVTeX, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Two- and Three-Point Functions in the Extended NJL Model
The two-point functions in generalized Nambu--Jona-Lasinio models are
calculated to all orders in momenta and quark masses to leading order in
. The use of Ward identities and the heat-kernel expansion allows for a
large degree of regularization independence. We also show how this approach
works to the same order for three-point functions on the example of the
vector-pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar three-point function. The inclusion of the
chiral anomaly effects at this level is shown by calculating the
pseudoscalar-vector-vector three-point function to the same order. Finally we
comment on how (vector-)meson-dominance comes out in the presence of explicit
chiral symmetry breaking in both the anomalous and the non-anomalous sectors.Comment: Latex, 42 pages, 3 latex figures, 7 postscript figures included,
NORDITA 94/11 N,P. Improvement in the regularization procedure for the PVV
three point functio
The effect of spontaneous collapses on neutrino oscillations
We compute the effect of collapse models on neutrino oscillations. The effect
of the collapse is to modify the evolution of the `spatial' part of the wave
function, which indirectly amounts to a change on the flavor components. In
many respects, this phenomenon is similar to neutrino propagation through
matter. For the analysis we use the mass proportional CSL model, and perform
the calculation to second order perturbation theory. As we will show, the CSL
prediction is very small - mainly due to the very small mass of neutrinos - and
practically undetectable.Comment: 24 pages, RevTeX. Updated versio
The Ter-Mikayelian Effect on QCD Radiative Energy Loss
The color dielectric modification of the gluon dispersion relation in a dense
QCD medium suppresses both the soft and collinear gluon radiation associated
with jet production. We compute both the longitudinal and transverse plasmon
contributions to the zeroth order in opacity radiative energy loss. This QCD
analog of the Ter-Mikayelian effect in QED leads to reduction of the
energy loss of high transverse momentum charm quarks produced in a QCD plasma
with a characteristic Debye mass GeV.Comment: 18 Pages, 16 Figure
Are direct photons a clean signal of a thermalized quark gluon plasma?
Direct photon production from a quark gluon plasma (QGP) in thermal
equilibrium is studied directly in real time. In contrast to the usual S-matrix
calculations, the real time approach is valid for a QGP that formed and reached
LTE a short time after a collision and of finite lifetime ( as expected at RHIC or LHC). We point out that during such
finite QGP lifetime the spectrum of emitted photons carries information on the
initial state. There is an inherent ambiguity in separating the virtual from
the observable photons during the transient evolution of the QGP. We propose a
real time formulation to extract the photon yield which includes the initial
stage of formation of the QGP parametrized by an effective time scale of
formation . This formulation coincides with the S-matrix approach
in the infinite lifetime limit. It allows to separate the virtual cloud as well
as the observable photons emitted during the pre- equilibrium stage from the
yield during the QGP lifetime. We find that the lowest order contribution
which does \emph{not} contribute to the S-matrix
approach, is of the same order of or larger than the S-matrix contribution
during the lifetime of the QGP for a typical formation time . The yield for momenta features a
power law fall-off and is larger than that obtained
with the S-matrix for momenta . We provide a
comprehensive numerical comparison between the real time and S-matrix yields
and study the dynamics of the build-up of the photon cloud and the different
contributions to the radiative energy loss. The reliability of the current
estimates on photon emission is discussed.Comment: 31 pages, 12 eps figures, version to appear in PR
Anomalous Pseudoscalar-Photon Vertex In and Out of Equilibrium
The anomalous pseudoscalar-photon vertex is studied in real time in and out
of equilibrium in a constituent quark model. The goal is to understand the
in-medium modifications of this vertex, exploring the possibility of enhanced
isospin breaking by electromagnetic effects as well as the formation of neutral
pion condensates in a rapid chiral phase transition in peripheral,
ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. In equilibrium the effective vertex is
afflicted by infrared and collinear singularities that require hard thermal
loop (HTL) and width corrections of the quark propagator. The resummed
effective equilibrium vertex vanishes near the chiral transition in the chiral
limit. In a strongly out of equilibrium chiral phase transition we find that
the chiral condensate drastically modifies the quark propagators and the
effective vertex. The ensuing dynamics for the neutral pion results in a
potential enhancement of isospin breaking and the formation of
condensates. While the anomaly equation and the axial Ward identity are not
modified by the medium in or out of equilibrium, the effective real-time
pseudoscalar-photon vertex is sensitive to low energy physics.Comment: Revised version to appear in Phys. Rev. D. 42 pages, 4 figures, uses
Revte
Reflections on the Strong CP Problem
I discuss how anomalies affect classical symmetries and how, in turn, the
non-trivial nature of the gauge theory vacuum makes these quantum corrections
troublesome. Although no solution seems in sight for the cosmological constant
problem, I examine three possible approaches to the strong CP problem involving
vacuum dynamics, an additional chiral symmetry, and the possibility of
spontaneous CP or P breaking. All of these "solutions" have their own problems
and suggest that, at a deep level, we do not understand the nature of CP
violation. Nevertheless, it remains extremely important to search for
experimental signals predicted by these theoretical "solutions", like invisible
axions.Comment: 11 pages, Latex fil
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