Influência de práticas culturais e da resistência genética na intensidade do cancro da haste e produção de soja no Cerrado

Os efeitos de práticas culturais e resistência genética na intensidade ao cancro-da-haste da soja (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis - Dpm) foram examinados na safra 1995-96 em áreas de produção comercial, que haviam sido severamente atacadas na safra anterior (1994-95). Um experimento investigou os efeitos de cultivo mínimo (MT) e do plantio direto (NT) no desenvolvimento da doença e produtividade das cultivares FT-Cristalina e FT-Seriema. Em outro experimento, semeado em plantio direto, estudou-se o efeito da densidade de plantas (8, 15, 21 e 36 plantas/m) no desenvolvimento da doença e produtividade das cvs. FT-Cristalina (suscetivel), FT- 101 (moderadamente resistente) e FT-104 (resistente). Incidência e severidade da doença foram menores em NT do que em MT. A produtividade aumentou no sistema NT (23% para ‘FT-Cristalina’ e 14% para ‘FT-Seriema’), comparada com as produtividades em MT. As curvas de progresso da doença foram melhor descritas pelos mo- delos de Gompertz e logístico. A severidade do cancro aumentou pro- porcionalmente ao aumento das densidades de plantio nas cvs. suscetível e moderadamente resistente. No final do ciclo, 100% das plantas da cv. FT-Cristalina estavam infetadas por Dpm, em todas as densidades de plantio. Níveis intermediários de doença foram observa- dos na cv. FT-101, enquanto apenas níveis muito baixos de doença ocorreram na cv. FT-104. Estabeleceu-se uma correlação negativa entre severidade de cancro-da-haste e produção. Algumas das práticas estudadas demonstraram potential para aplicação direta no controle da doença, e poderiam ser combinadas considerando-se seus efeitos aditivos.Field experiments were conducted in the 1995-96 soybean (Glycine max) growing season to evaluate the effects of cultural practices and host genetic resistance on the intensity of soybean stem canker, caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis (Dpm). Experiments were conducted in a commercial field severely infected in the previous (1994-95) season. In one study, minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) cropping systems were investigated for their effects on disease development and on plant yields in cvs. FT- Cristalina (susceptible) and FT-Seriema (moderately resistant). Another study evaluated the effects of plant densities (8, 15, 21 and 36 plants/m) on disease development in cvs. FT-Cristalina, FT-101 (moderately resistant) and FT-104 (resistant). Disease incidence and severity were consistently lower in NT than in MT, and plant yields were increased by 23% and 14% in the NT system for the susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively, compared to the yields in the MT system. The Gompertz and Logistic models described well the disease progress curves in all situations. For both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, disease severity increased proportionately to the increase in plant densities. At the end of the season, 100% of the plants of cv. FT-Cristalina were infected by Dpm, at all plant densities. Disease levels on cv. FT-101 were intermediate while only very low disease levels were recorded on cv. FT-104. There was a consistent negative correlation between stem canker severity and yield. Some practices demonstrated potential for direct application in disease control, and could be combined considering their additive effects

Cryogenic characterization of the Planck sorption cooler system flight model

This paper is part of the Prelaunch status LFI papers published on JINST: http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/-page=extra.proc5/1748-0221 Two continuous closed-cycle hydrogen Joule-Thomson (J-T) sorption coolers have been fabricated and assembled by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the European Space Agency (ESA) Planck mission. Each refrigerator has been designed to provide a total of ~ 1W of cooling power at two instrument interfaces: they directly cool the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) around 20K while providing a pre-cooling stage for a 4 K J-T mechanical refrigerator for the High Frequency Instrument (HFI). After sub-system level validation at JPL, the cryocoolers have been delivered to ESA in 2005. In this paper we present the results of the cryogenic qualification and test campaigns of the Nominal Unit on the flight model spacecraft performed at the CSL (Centre Spatial de Liege) facilities in 2008. Test results in terms of input power, cooling power, temperature, and temperature fluctuations over the flight allowable ranges for these interfaces are reported and analyzed with respect to mission requirements.Comment: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version is available online at 10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/T1201

Magnetic susceptibility and proton NMR study of TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub x/

The electronic properties of the hexagonal (C-14) and cubic (C-15) allotropes of the TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/+/sub 0/ /sub 1//H/sub 2/ system have been examined via magnetic susceptibility and proton NMR studies. The results indicate an increase in N(E/sub F/), the electron density of states at the Fermi level, with increasing H/M for both allotropes; the trend extends into the ..cap alpha..'-hydride phase. The results suggest a basis for thermodynamic anomalies reported for the solution of hydrogen in TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/

NMR studies of hydrogen relaxation and diffusion in TiFeH/sub x/ and TiFe/sub 1-y/Mn/sub y/H/sub x/

TiFe and related intermetallic compounds react directly with hydrogen gas to form hydrides which are suitable for energy storage applications. Although some of the characteristics of these materials have been evaluated, many important physical properties such as crystal structures, electronic structures, and hydrogen diffusion behavior are unknown. Since nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides detailed information on the physical states of the hydrogen atoms, various NMR parameters are being measured in the hydride phases produced from TiFe and related alloys. This paper is mainly concerned with hydrides formed from TiFe and TiFe/sub 0/./sub 79/Mn/sub 0/./sub 15/. At low temperatures interactions with conduction electrons dominate proton spin-lattice relaxation times for both the ..beta.. and ..gamma.. phases. Spin echo measurements on ..beta..-phase samples showed motional narrowing above 360K and yielded a diffusion activation energy, E/sub a/, of 0.26(2) eV. Hydrogen diffusion in the ..gamma..-phase is observed to be slower and an approximate activation energy of 0.80(5) eV is deduced from T/sub 1D/ measurements. The present observations for TiFeH/sub x/ will be briefly compared with the properties of TiH/sub x/ and other Ti-based ternary hydrides