Conserved Noether Currents, Utiyama's Theory of Invariant Variation, and Velocity Dependence in Local Gauge Invariance

The paper discusses the mathematical consequences of the application of derived variables in gauge fields. Physics is aware of several phenomena, which depend first of all on velocities (like e.g., the force caused by charges moving in a magnetic field, or the Lorentz transformation). Applying the property of the second Noether theorem, that allowed generalised variables, this paper extends the article by Al-Kuwari and Taha (1991) with a new conclusion. They concluded that there are no extra conserved currents associated with local gauge invariance. We show, that in a more general case, there are further conserved Noether currents. In its method the paper reconstructs the clue introduced by Utiyama (1956, 1959) and followed by Al-Kuwari and Taha (1991) in the presence of a gauge field that depends on the co-ordinates of the velocity space. In this course we apply certain (but not full) analogies with Mills (1989). We show, that handling the space-time coordinates as implicit variables in the gauge field, reproduces the same results that have been derived in the configuration space (i.e., we do not lose information), while the proposed new treatment gives additional information extending those. The result is an extra conserved Noether current.Comment: 14 page

Lagrangian analysis of `trivial' symmetries in models of gravity

We study the differences between Poincare and canonical hamiltonian symmetries in models of gravity through the corresponding Noether identities and show that they are equivalent modulo trivial gauge symmetries.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX; Based on presentation at the conference "Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years after Einstein in Prague," held in Prague, June 201

Space-time symplectic extension

It is conjectured that in the origin of space-time there lies a symplectic rather than metric structure. The complex symplectic symmetry Sp(2l,C), l\ge1 instead of the pseudo-orthogonal one SO(1,d-1), d\ge4 is proposed as the space-time local structure group. A discrete sequence of the metric space-times of the fixed dimensionalities d=(2l)^2 and signatures, with l(2l-1) time-like and l(2l+1) space-like directions, defined over the set of the Hermitian second-rank spin-tensors is considered as an alternative to the pseudo-Euclidean extra dimensional space-times. The basic concepts of the symplectic framework are developed in general, and the ordinary and next-to-ordinary space-time cases with l=1,2, respectively, are elaborated in more detail. In particular, the scheme provides the rationale for the four-dimensionality and 1+3 signature of the ordinary space-time.Comment: 15 pp, LaTe

Coupling Nonlinear Sigma-Matter to Yang-Mills Fields: Symmetry Breaking Patterns

We extend the traditional formulation of Gauge Field Theory by incorporating the (non-Abelian) gauge group parameters (traditionally simple spectators) as new dynamical (nonlinear-sigma-model-type) fields. These new fields interact with the usual Yang-Mills fields through a generalized minimal coupling prescription, which resembles the so-called Stueckelberg transformation, but for the non-Abelian case. Here we study the case of internal gauge symmetry groups, in particular, unitary groups U(N). We show how to couple standard Yang-Mills Theory to Nonlinear-Sigma Models on cosets of U(N): complex projective, Grassman and flag manifolds. These different couplings lead to distinct (chiral) symmetry breaking patterns and \emph{Higgs-less} mass-generating mechanisms for Yang-Mills fields.Comment: 11 pages. To appear in Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physic

Angular Momentum and Energy-Momentum Densities as Gauge Currents

If we replace the general spacetime group of diffeomorphisms by transformations taking place in the tangent space, general relativity can be interpreted as a gauge theory, and in particular as a gauge theory for the Lorentz group. In this context, it is shown that the angular momentum and the energy-momentum tensors of a general matter field can be obtained from the invariance of the corresponding action integral under transformations taking place, not in spacetime, but in the tangent space, in which case they can be considered as gauge currents.Comment: RevTeX4, 7 pages, no figures. Presentation changes; version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Exact Schwarzschild-Like Solution for Yang-Mills Theories

Drawing on the parallel between general relativity and Yang-Mills theory we obtain an exact Schwarzschild-like solution for SU(2) gauge fields coupled to a massless scalar field. Pushing the analogy further we speculate that this classical solution to the Yang-Mills equations shows confinement in the same way that particles become confined once they pass the event horizon of the Schwarzschild solution. Two special cases of the solution are considered.Comment: 11 pages LaTe

Universality Principle for Orbital Angular Momentum and Spin in Gravity with Torsion

We argue that compatibility with elementary particle physics requires gravitational theories with torsion to be unable to distinguish between orbital angular momentum and spin. An important consequence of this principle is that spinless particles must move along autoparallel trajectories, not along geodesics.Comment: Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/kleiner_re27

Classical and Quantum Solutions and the Problem of Time in R2R^2 Cosmology

We have studied various classical solutions in $R^2$ cosmology. Especially we have obtained general classical solutions in pure $R^2$\ cosmology. Even in the quantum theory, we can solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in pure $R^2$\ cosmology exactly. Comparing these classical and quantum solutions in $R^2$\ cosmology, we have studied the problem of time in general relativity.Comment: 17 pages, latex, no figure, one reference is correcte

Self-Interaction and Gauge Invariance

A simple unified closed form derivation of the non-linearities of the Einstein, Yang-Mills and spinless (e.g., chiral) meson systems is given. For the first two, the non-linearities are required by locality and consistency; in all cases, they are determined by the conserved currents associated with the initial (linear) gauge invariance of the first kind. Use of first-order formalism leads uniformly to a simple cubic self-interaction.Comment: Missing last reference added. 9 pages, This article, the first paper in Gen. Rel. Grav. [1 (1970) 9], is now somewhat inaccessible; the present posting is the original version, with a few subsequent references included. Updates update

A gauge theoretical view of the charge concept in Einstein gravity

We will discuss some analogies between internal gauge theories and gravity in order to better understand the charge concept in gravity. A dimensional analysis of gauge theories in general and a strict definition of elementary, monopole, and topological charges are applied to electromagnetism and to teleparallelism, a gauge theoretical formulation of Einstein gravity. As a result we inevitably find that the gravitational coupling constant has dimension $\hbar/l^2$, the mass parameter of a particle dimension $\hbar/l$, and the Schwarzschild mass parameter dimension l (where l means length). These dimensions confirm the meaning of mass as elementary and as monopole charge of the translation group, respectively. In detail, we find that the Schwarzschild mass parameter is a quasi-electric monopole charge of the time translation whereas the NUT parameter is a quasi-magnetic monopole charge of the time translation as well as a topological charge. The Kerr parameter and the electric and magnetic charges are interpreted similarly. We conclude that each elementary charge of a Casimir operator of the gauge group is the source of a (quasi-electric) monopole charge of the respective Killing vector.Comment: LaTeX2e, 16 pages, 1 figure; enhanced discussio