Nondestructive testing of adhesive bonds by nuclear quadrupole resonance method

Inert, strain sensitive tracer, cuprous oxide, added to polymeric adhesive ensures sufficiently large signal to noise ratio in NQR system output. Method is successful, provided that RF-transparent structural materials are used between modified adhesive and probe of NQR spectrometer

Thermal control system

The temperature of an exothermic process plant carried aboard an Earth orbiting spacecraft is regulated using a number of curved radiator panels accurately positioned in a circular arrangement to form an open receptacle. A module containing the process is insertable into the receptacle. Heat exchangers having broad exterior surfaces extending axially above the circumference of the module fit within arcuate spacings between adjacent radiator panels. Banks of variable conductance heat pipes partially embedded within and thermally coupled to the radiator panels extend across the spacings and are thermally coupled to broad exterior surfaces of the heat exchangers by flanges. Temperature sensors monitor the temperature of process fluid flowing from the module through the heat exchanges. Thermal conduction between the heat exchangers and the radiator panels is regulated by heating a control fluid within the heat pipes to vary the effective thermal length of the heat pipes in inverse proportion to changes in the temperature of the process fluid

Aboriginal Adze Stone Hoards Found on the Arcoona Plateau Near Woomera, South Australia

In October 1970, the Woomera Natural History Society held a field excursion to the Lake Hanson area. The purpose of this paper is to provide details of a hoard or cache of Aboriginal adze stones found by the writer on that occasion. This paper will also describe two smaller finds of hoarded adze stones, made in other parts of the region in recent years

Convective shutdown in a porous medium at high Rayleigh number

Convection in a closed domain driven by a dense buoyancy source along the upper boundary soon starts to wane owing to the increase of the average interior density. In this paper, theoretical and numerical models are developed of the subsequent long period of shutdown of convection in a two-dimensional porous medium at high Rayleigh number Ra\mathit{Ra}. The aims of this paper are twofold. Firstly, the relationship between this slowly evolving ‘one-sided’ shutdown system and the statistically steady ‘two-sided’ Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) cell is investigated. Numerical measurements of the Nusselt number Nu\mathit{Nu} from an RB cell (Hewitt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, 224503) are very well described by the simple parametrization Nu=2.75+0.0069Ra\mathit{Nu}= 2. 75+ 0. 0069\mathit{Ra}. This parametrization is used in theoretical box models of the one-sided shutdown system and found to give excellent agreement with high-resolution numerical simulations of this system. The dynamical structure of shutdown can also be accurately predicted by measurements from an RB cell. Results are presented for a general power-law equation of state. Secondly, these ideas are extended to model more complex physical systems, which comprise two fluid layers with an equation of state such that the solution that forms at the (moving) interface is more dense than either layer. The two fluids are either immiscible or miscible. Theoretical box models compare well with numerical simulations in the case of a flat interface between the fluids. Experimental results from a Hele-Shaw cell and numerical simulations both show that interfacial deformation can dramatically enhance the convective flux. The applicability of these results to the convective dissolution of geologically sequestered CO2{\mathrm{CO} }_{2} in a saline aquifer is discussed

Englacial Pore Water Localizes Shear in Temperate Ice Stream Margins

The margins of fast‐moving ice streams are characterized by steep velocity gradients. Some of these gradients cannot be explained by a temperature‐dependent viscosity alone. Laboratory data suggest that water in the ice‐grain matrix decreases the ice viscosity; we propose that this causes the strong localization of shear in temperate ice stream margins. However, the magnitude of weakening and its consequences for ice stream dynamics are poorly understood. Here we investigate how the coupling between temperate ice properties, ice mechanics, and drainage of melt water from the ice stream margin alters the dynamics of ice streams. We consider the steady‐state ice flow, temperature, water content, and subglacial water drainage in an ice stream cross section. Temperate ice dynamics are modeled as a two‐phase flow, with gravity‐driven water transport in the pores of a viscously compacting and deforming ice matrix. We find that the dependence of ice viscosity on meltwater content focuses the temperate ice region and steepens the velocity gradients in the ice stream margin. It provides a possible explanation for the steep velocity gradients observed in some ice stream shear margins. This localizes heat dissipation there, which in turn increases the amount of meltwater delivered to the ice stream bed. This process is controlled by the permeability of the temperate ice and the sensitivity of ice viscosity to meltwater content, both of which are poorly constrained properties

Magmatic intrusions control Io's crustal thickness

Io, the most volcanically active body in the solar system, loses heat through eruptions of hot lava. Heat is supplied by tidal heating and is thought to be transferred through the mantle by magmatic segregation, a mode of transport that sets it apart from convecting terrestrial planets. We present a model that couples magmatic transport of tidal heat to the volcanic system in the crust, in order to determine the controls on crustal thickness, magmatic intrusions, and eruption rates. We demonstrate that magmatic intrusions are a key component of Io's crustal heat balance; around 80% of the magma delivered to the base of the crust must be emplaced and frozen as plutons to match rough estimates of crustal thickness. As magma ascends from a partially molten mantle into the crust, a decompacting boundary layer forms, which can explain inferred observations of a high-melt-fraction region.Comment: Accepted to JGR:Planets. 24 pages inc appendices and references. 7 figure

The regency and administration of James Douglas, fourth earl of Morton

Morton, the obvious successor to Mar in November, 1572, effectively commenced his regency in June, 1573, by which date all opposition had been pacified or overcome. His overthrow in March, 1578 was, at least partly, the result of his own maladroit tactics. Although he was subsequently reinstated, he never recovered his former dominance - hence, so it would appear, a stratagem such as the proscription of the Hamiltons. He was disastrously indecisive in 1580, thus permitting the Lennox-Arran faction to attain an overwhelming supremacy against which he and his supporters found it impossible to offer a serious challenge. His reorganisation of the Kirk's finances and accompanying reforms provoked some criticism, albeit not on a considerable scale until 1578. While he did not halt dilapidation, there is no evidence of excessive plundering of ecclesiastical wealth, and questions of patrimony seem to have been overshadowed by those of polity. Here, an ill-defined policy led to growing hostility particularly towards episcopacy. This was largely a consequence of Morton's equivocal treatment of the second Book of Discipline. Nonetheless, it seems conceivable that both sides, aware of the consequences, exercised some measure of restraint. The kernel of his foreign policy was the English alliance. He failed to secure a permanent league with England primarily because Elizabeth saw no necessity, even in 1580, for such a commitment. His border administration was notable competent while he remained regent but latterly, with his own decline, the frontier was governed less satisfactorily. His other domestic achievements were limited and there is a controversial taint of corruption