51 research outputs found
Are we using the most appropriate methodologies to assess the sensitivity of rainforest biodiversity to habitat disturbance?
Accurately assessing how biodiversity responds in the Anthropocene is vital. To do so, a number of indicator taxa are
commonly used to monitor human-impacted forests and the subsequent recovery of their biodiversity. This makes monitoring
more economically feasible, yet only valuable if the responses observed truly reflect the status of biodiversity. Many
challenges exist for getting this monitoring right, including choosing the most effective indicators and ultimately choosing the
most appropriate methods to capture trends. We have reason to believe that the methods currently used to assess humanimpacted
tropical forest might be misrepresenting trends related to the degree of impact of disturbance to biodiversity and
to the value of secondary forests for biodiversity conservation. Using recent case studies that assessed butterflies, we
challenge the paradigm that fruit-baited butterfly traps are the best method for assessing human-impacted tropical forests, and
that their use solely along the forest floor is underestimating the impacts to biodiversity in tropical forests. We suggest that
alternative or additional methods could provide a more representative picture of the overall butterfly biodiversity responses
to human-impacted tropical forests and that similar assessments of other groups and methods should be carried out
Mejora del proceso de molienda de lactosa para una empresa fabricante de productos lácteos
This research presents results obtained after having implemented an improvement in the lactose grinding process of a company which manufactures dairy products, the current situation of the process was determined identifying that in a continuous 48-hour grinding time, lactose particle size of 40.23 um. is obtained. After theoretical and experimental developed research process, it was obtained a fine grinding with a particle size of 22 um average in a grinding time of 5 continuous hours as the best option, using a drum mills with a volume of 25% grinding elements and 61 rpm operating speed, when using cylpebs which are specified in this research which generates savings in raw material (lactose), energy consumption and operation time of the grinding process.Esta investigación presenta resultados obtenidos luego de haber implementado una mejora en el proceso de molienda de lactosa de una empresa fabricante de productos lácteos. Se determinó la situación actual del proceso, identificando que, en un tiempo de molido de 48 horas continuas, se obtiene un tamaño de partícula de lactosa de 40,23 um. Posterior a los procesos de investigación teórica y experimental se estableció que con el uso de un molino de tambor con un volumen de elementos molientes del 25 %, una velocidad de operación de 61 rpm y el uso de cylpebs especificados en este trabajo, representan la mejor opción para obtener una molienda fina con un tamaño promedio de partículas de 22 um en un tiempo de molido de 5 horas continuas, lo que genera principalmente un ahorro por materia prima (lactosa), consumo energético y tiempo de operación del proceso de molido
Red Iberoamericana de Toxicología y Seguiridad Química
La Red Iberoamericana de Toxicología y Seguridad Química RITSQ, se inicia en marzo de 2008 y desde entonces ha tenido 67.479 visitas a la página web de la misma, se han registrado 1.133 personas de 41 países y desde entonces hemos realizado y presentado 57 carteles en Reuniones, Conferencias y Reuniones donde se mantienen de forma constante los Objetivos de la RITSQ: 1. Coordinar la participación de los diferentes grupos existentes en universidades y organismos de investigación de Iberoamérica, implicados en estudios relacionados con la Toxicología, 2. Fortalecer la colaboración y el intercambio académico entre los programas de Doctorado y Maestría de diferentes países iberoamericanos que tengan como objeto el estudio y la investigación en Toxicología o áreas relacionadas, 3. Favorecer la realización de proyectos de investigación conjuntos entre docentes e investigadores de Iberoamérica, pasantías estudiantiles y eventos académicos; 4. Profundizar en el estudio de métodos de ensayo de corta y larga duración utilizados en la evaluación de la carcinogenicidad, la mutagenicidad y la toxicidad para la reproducción de sustancias y mezclas de productos químicos, 5. Desarrollar y estandarizar métodos analíticos para la identificación y determinación de biomarcadores de exposición, efecto y .susceptibilidad para sustancias y productos químicos en el hombre y el medio ambiente; 6. Aplicar métodos de evaluación del riesgo para la salud humana y el medio ambiente de sustancias y productos químicos, 7. Fomentar el intercambio científico de profesionales interesados alimentaria; y 8. Propiciar el uso de métodos alternativos a la experimentación animal (www.remanet.net).Peer reviewe
Red Iberoamericana de Toxicología y Seguridad Química
La Red Iberoamericana de Toxicología y Seguridad Química RITSQ, se inicia en marzo de 2008 y desde entonces ha tenido 69.930 visitas a la página web de la misma, se han registrado 1.133 personas de 41 países y desde entonces hemos realizado y presentado 66 carteles en Reuniones, Conferencias y Reuniones donde se mantienen de forma constante los Objetivos de la RITSQ: 1. Coordinar la participación de los diferentes grupos existentes en universidades y organismos de investigación de Iberoamérica, implicados en estudios relacionados con la Toxicología, 2. Fortalecer la colaboración y el intercambio académico entre los programas de Doctorado y Maestría de diferentes países iberoamericanos que tengan como objeto el estudio y la investigación en Toxicología o áreas relacionadas, 3. Favorecer la realización de proyectos de investigación conjuntos entre docentes e investigadores de Iberoamérica, pasantías estudiantiles y eventos académicos; 4. Profundizar en el estudio de métodos de ensayo de corta y larga duración utilizados en la evaluación de la carcinogenicidad, la mutagenicidad y la toxicidad para la reproducción de sustancias y mezclas de productos químicos, 5. Desarrollar y estandarizar métodos analíticos para la identificación y determinación de biomarcadores de exposición, efecto y .susceptibilidad para sustancias y productos químicos en el hombre y el medio ambiente; 6. Aplicar métodos de evaluación del riesgo para la salud humana y el medio ambiente de sustancias y productos químicos, 7. Fomentar el intercambio científico de profesionales interesados alimentaria; y 8. Propiciar el uso de métodos alternativos a la experimentación animal (www.remanet.net).Peer reviewe
Food for thought. Rainforest carrion-feeding butterflies are more sensitive indicators of disturbance history than fruit feeders
Tropical forests have, and in many areas continue to experience both severe and subtle forms of human disturbance; most commonly from hunting, logging and clearance for agriculture. The ability to detect a full range of impacts is essential to understanding how biodiversity responds to human disturbance. Since monitoring the entire biodiversity of a tropical forest is an impossible task, specific groups of biodiversity are often used as biological indicators. Due to their relative ease in detection and identification, their sensitivity to environmental change and their short generation time, butterflies are suggested to be one of the most effective biodiversity indicators for tropical forest monitoring. However, most biodiversity monitoring of tropical ecosystems using butterflies relies only on one sub-group, the fruit-feeding butterflies, or Nymphalidae. Here we assess for the first time if the use of carrion-feeding butterfly communities might improve our ability to detect and monitor human impacts and conservation management outcomes in tropical forests. We analysed species richness, abundance and community composition of rainforest fruit and carrion butterfly communities to see how effectively they detect known differences in forest disturbance history, between three different vertical strata of rainforest, and assess whether they provide stable results across different seasons. We found that compared to fruit-feeding butterflies, sampling carrion-feeders detected greater species richness and abundance for the same survey effort, detected more pronounced effects of known differences in historic disturbance, and showed greater temporal stability in biodiversity patterns across the year. We also identify for the first time a series of indicator butterfly species and tribes that could be used as biological indicators to study biodiversity responses to human disturbance and differences across vertical strata of the rainforest. We therefore suggest that carrion-feeding butterfly communities will be a powerful addition to the family of indicators groups that are available for monitoring the impacts of human disturbance on tropical biodiversity. © 201
Red Iberoamericana de Toxicología y Seguridad Química
La Red Iberoamericana de Toxicología y Seguridad Química RITSQ, se inicia en marzo de 2008 y desde entonces ha tenido 70.104 visitas a la página web de la misma, se han registrado 1.133 personas de 41 países y desde entonces hemos realizado y presentado 66 carteles en Reuniones, Conferencias y Reuniones donde se mantienen de forma constante los Objetivos de la RITSQ: 1. Coordinar la participación de los diferentes grupos existentes en universidades y organismos de investigación de Iberoamérica, implicados en estudios relacionados con la Toxicología, 2. Fortalecer la colaboración y el intercambio académico entre los programas de Doctorado y Maestría de diferentes países iberoamericanos que tengan como objeto el estudio y la investigación en Toxicología o áreas relacionadas, 3. Favorecer la realización de proyectos de investigación conjuntos entre docentes e investigadores de Iberoamérica, pasantías estudiantiles y eventos académicos; 4. Profundizar en el estudio de métodos de ensayo de corta y larga duración utilizados en la evaluación de la carcinogenicidad, la mutagenicidad y la toxicidad para la reproducción de sustancias y mezclas de productos químicos, 5. Desarrollar y estandarizar métodos analíticos para la identificación y determinación de biomarcadores de exposición, efecto y .susceptibilidad para sustancias y productos químicos en el hombre y el medio ambiente; 6. Aplicar métodos de evaluación del riesgo para la salud humana y el medio ambiente de sustancias y productos químicos, 7. Fomentar el intercambio científico de profesionales interesados alimentaria; y 8. Propiciar el uso de métodos alternativos a la experimentación animal (www.remanet.net).Peer reviewe
Spatiotemporal variability of modern precipitation δ18O in the central Andes and implications for paleoclimate and paleoaltimetry estimates
Understanding the patterns of rainfall isotopic composition in the central Andes is hindered by sparse observations. Despite limited observational data, stable isotope tracers have been commonly used to constrain modern‐to‐ancient Andean atmospheric processes, as well as to reconstruct paleoclimate and paleoaltimetry histories. Here, we present isotopic compositions of precipitation (δ18Op and δDp) from 11 micrometeorological stations located throughout the Bolivian Altiplano and along its eastern flank at ~21.5°S. We collected and isotopically analyzed 293 monthly bulk precipitation samples (August 2008 to April 2013). δ18Op values ranged from −28.0‰ to 9.6‰, with prominent seasonal cycles expressed at all stations. We observed a strong relationship between the δ18Op and elevation, though it varies widely in time and space. Constraints on air sourcing estimated from atmospheric back trajectory calculations indicate that continental‐scale climate dynamics control the interannual variability in δ18Op, with upwind precipitation anomalies having the largest effect. The impact of precipitation anomalies in distant air source regions to the central Andes is in turn modulated by the Bolivian High. The importance of the Bolivian High is most clearly observed on the southern Bolivian Altiplano. However, monthly variability among Altiplano stations can exceed 10‰ in δ18Op on the plateau and cannot be explained by elevation or source variability, indicating a nontrivial role for local scale effects on short timescales. The strong influence of atmospheric circulation on central Andean δ18Op requires that paleoclimate and paleoaltimetry studies consider the role of South American atmospheric paleocirculation in their interpretation of stable isotopic values as proxies.Key PointsFive‐year record of central Andes precipitation isotopic compositionPrecipitation isotopes are elevation dependent, but vary in space and timePrecipitation isotope variability is related to large‐scale climate dynamicsPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111974/1/jgrd52161.pd
Terrestrial camera traps: essential tool for the detection and future monitoring of the Critically Endangered Sira curassow Pauxi koepckeae
Consistency of satellite-based precipitation products in space and over time compared with gauge observations and snow- hydrological modelling in the Lake Titicaca region
This paper proposes a protocol to assess the space–time consistency of 12
satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) according to various
indicators, including (i) direct comparison of SPPs with 72 precipitation
gauges; (ii) sensitivity of streamflow modelling to SPPs at the outlet of
four basins; and (iii) the sensitivity of distributed snow models to SPPs
using a MODIS snow product as reference in an unmonitored mountainous area.
The protocol was applied successively to four different time windows
(2000–2004, 2004–2008, 2008–2012 and 2000–2012) to account for the
space–time variability of the SPPs and to a large dataset composed of
12 SPPs (CMORPH–RAW v.1, CMORPH–CRT v.1, CMORPH–BLD v.1, CHIRP v.2, CHIRPS
v.2, GSMaP v.6, MSWEP v.2.1, PERSIANN, PERSIANN–CDR, TMPA–RT v.7, TMPA–Adj
v.7 and SM2Rain–CCI v.2), an unprecedented comparison. The aim of using
different space scales and timescales and indicators was to evaluate whether
the efficiency of SPPs varies with the method of assessment, time window and
location. Results revealed very high discrepancies between SPPs. Compared to
precipitation gauge observations, some SPPs (CMORPH–RAW v.1, CMORPH–CRT
v.1, GSMaP v.6, PERSIANN, and TMPA–RT v.7) are unable to estimate regional
precipitation, whereas the others (CHIRP v.2, CHIRPS v.2, CMORPH–BLD v.1,
MSWEP v.2.1, PERSIANN–CDR, and TMPA–Adj v.7) produce a realistic
representation despite recurrent spatial limitation over regions with
contrasted emissivity, temperature and orography. In 9 out of 10 of the cases
studied, streamflow was more realistically simulated when SPPs were used as
forcing precipitation data rather than precipitation derived from the
available precipitation gauge networks, whereas the SPP's ability to
reproduce the duration of MODIS-based snow cover resulted in poorer
simulations than simulation using available precipitation gauges.
Interestingly, the potential of the SPPs varied significantly when they were
used to reproduce gauge precipitation estimates, streamflow observations or
snow cover duration and depending on the time window considered. SPPs thus
produce space–time errors that cannot be assessed when a single indicator
and/or time window is used, underlining the importance of carefully
considering their space–time consistency before using them for
hydro-climatic studies. Among all the SPPs assessed, MSWEP v.2.1 showed the
highest space–time accuracy and consistency in reproducing gauge
precipitation estimates, streamflow and snow cover duration.</p
Mejora del proceso de molienda de lactosa para una empresa fabricante de productos lácteos
Esta investigación presenta resultados obtenidos luego
de haber implementado una mejora en el proceso de
molienda de lactosa de una empresa fabricante de productos
lácteos. Se determinó la situación actual del
proceso, identificando que, en un tiempo de molido de
48 horas continuas, se obtiene un tamaño de partícula
de lactosa de 40,23 μm. Posterior a los procesos de
investigación teórica y experimental se estableció que
con el uso de un molino de tambor con un volumen
de elementos molientes del 25 %, una velocidad de
operación de 61 rpm y el uso de cylpebs especificados
en este trabajo, representan la mejor opción para obtener
una molienda fina con un tamaño promedio de
partículas de 22 μm en un tiempo de molido de 5 horas
continuas, lo que genera principalmente un ahorro
por materia prima (lactosa), consumo energético y
tiempo de operación del proceso de molido.//This research presents results obtained after having
implemented an improvement in the lactose grinding
process of a company which manufactures dairy
products, the current situation of the process was
determined identifying that in a continuous 48-hour
grinding time, lactose particle size of 40.23 μm. is obtained.
After theoretical and experimental developed
research process, it was obtained a fine grinding with
a particle size of 22 μm average in a grinding time of
5 continuous hours as the best option, using a drum
mills with a volume of 25% grinding elements and
61 rpm operating speed, when using cylpebs which
are specified in this research which generates savings
in raw material (lactose), energy consumption and
operation time of the grinding process
- …