Soil groups of Western Australia: a simple guide to the main soils of Western Australia (4th edn)

This publication provides a simple, standardised and easy-to-understand way to recognise the most common soils in Western Australia. It is designed to: 1) Provide a standard way of giving common names to the main soils of the State; 2) Provide a simple method to identify them; 3) Assist with the communication of soils information at a general level

Atmospheric tidal oscillations. Part I : Historical Development

The invention of the barometer in the seventeenth century lead to the discovery of Atmospheric tidal oscillations with a pronounced solar semi-diurnal component

On the northward advance of the ITCZ and the onset of the southwest monsoon rains over the southeast Bay of Bengal ( Kerala).

It is found that at the island stations south of 10oN the summer monsoon rains set in on the average towards the end of April which is a month in advance of the onset of the monsoon over the south Kerala coast of peninsular India. At the island stations to the north of 10oN the onset occurs about the first week of May. These dates are ahead of those shown in the existing diagrams giving the average onset dates of the summer monsoon over the SE Bay of Bengal. -from Author

Predictions of the mechanical properties of unidirectional fibre composites by supervised machine learning

We present an application of data analytics and supervised machine learning to allow accurate predictions of the macroscopic stiffness and yield strength of a unidirectional composite loaded in the transverse plane. Predictions are obtained from the analysis of an image of the material microstructure, as well as knowledge of the constitutive models for fibres and matrix, without performing physically-based calculations. The computational framework is based on evaluating the 2-point correlation function of the images of 1800 microstructures, followed by dimensionality reduction via principal component analysis. Finite element (FE) simulations are performed on 1800 corresponding statistical volume elements (SVEs) representing cylindrical fibres in a continuous matrix, loaded in the transverse plane. A supervised machine learning (ML) exercise is performed, employing a gradient-boosted tree regression model with 10-fold cross-validation strategy. The model obtained is able to accurately predict the homogenized properties of arbitrary microstructures

Determination of Ground Water Associated with Lignite Mining in Arid Climate,

Ground water and surface water create a range of problems in lignite mining utilizing surface mining methods. In order to create a safe and economic mining environment, it is essential to carry out mining after dewatering the rock mass surrounding the lignite mines by advance dewatering techniques. This paper briefly describes the ground water regimes including pressure gradients associated with various lignite deposits together with the practical examples of some important lignite deposits in the world. An effective method of controlling ground water in multi-aquifer environment in lignite deposits is to carry out rock mass dewatering using borehole pumps. This approach will help reducing the inflow rates of ground water to the mining excavation and also increase the effective strength of the overburden strata, thus, increasing the slope stability of the mining excavations. The main theme of this paper is to present a case history analysis of Thar lignite deposit in Sindh, Pakistan which has lignite reserves of some 193 billion tonnes. The paper presents a proposed method of dewatering the Thar prospect together with an assessment of the quality of aquifer water which can be used to improve the quality of life of people inhabiting in the Thar Desert area of Sindh, Pakistan. Water samples from three aquifers were collected from nine different locations and were analyzed in the laboratory for evaluating their physical and chemical characteristics. The test results indicated that the aquifer water can be classified as (sodium+ potassium) -chloride type water with a TDS range of 1000 to 20,000 mg/L. Consequently, this ground water is classified as brackish (saline water) requiring treatment before it can be utilised for domestic or industrial consumptions. It should be noted that this ground water does not contain heavy metals and toxic metals including arsenic, mercury and lead or cyanide. However, results indicate that groundwater from a few locations contained traces of silver (<4oppb) Owithozinc0<0.1ppm

CEO pay and family firm heterogeneity: A behavioral agency model perspective

\ua9 The Author(s) 2021. We study the effects of family control on CEO pay from the perspective of behavioral agency model (BAM), with particular focus on family firm’s generational stage and CEO family ties. Using a panel of Australian listed firms, we find that family firms present lower total and variable CEO pay, showing also less pay disparity between the CEO and other top executives. We also find that multi-generational family firms and those run by non-family CEOs offer higher total and variable CEO pay and present high pay disparity. The BAM and family’s aversion to socioemotional wealth loss can explain the effects of family control based on the pursuing of non-financial family goals. The decline of these goals derived from the aging of the firm and the hiring of external CEOs shape family control and should be considered in the design of executive compensation policies and by external parties when assessing their suitability. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G30; G32; G34; G3

Millipede Diversity and Distribution in the Sirumalai Hills (Eastern Ghats), Tamil Nadu, India

Millipedes are one of the significant terrestrial fauna in the forest ecosystem to decompose the plants' debris. Despite their environmental significance, records on millipede distribution are quite scarce and invalid in Tamil Nadu, India. The first investigation is an attempt to assess the population of millipedes at different elevation levels of Sirumallai Hills from July 2020 to June 2021. The number of millipedes was recorded using pitfall trapping and quadrant sampling. Millipede diversity and distribution in different elevations were evaluated with the help of Shannon’s and Simpson’s indexes and richness and evenness were estimated by standard methods. A total of 8 species of millipede belonging to the order Polydesmida, Sphaerotheriida and Spirobolida were recorded in lower, middle and higher elevations. Our results showed that Orthomorpha coarctata, Oxidus gracilis, Haphaphe haydeniana, Aulabolus newtoni and Trigoniulus corallinus species were in found all the elevations and most abundant in lower elevations. Arthosphaera magna, Arthosphaera dalyi and Arthosphaera distica species were abundant in middle elevations and scarce in upper and lower elevations. Diplopod species abundance and diversity were lesser in lower and higher elevations when compared to the middle elevation.  Despite their richness similarities in all elevations, there were differences in the composition of the millipede species between the elevations

The effect of 2 mMol glutamine supplementation on HSP70 and TNF-α release by LPS stimulated blood from healthy children.

OBJECTIVE: Glutamine has been shown to promote heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) release both within experimental in vitro models of sepsis (2-10 mM) and in adults post trauma (0.5 g/kg), although the efficacy varies and is dependent on the model used. The effect of glutamine supplementation on HSP70 release in children is less clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 mM glutamine added to incubation media on HSP70 and inflammatory mediator release in an in vitro model of paediatric sepsis using whole blood from healthy paediatric volunteers. METHODS: An in vitro whole blood endotoxin stimulation model using 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) over a 24 h time period was used to investigate the effects of 2 mM glutamine on HSP70 and inflammatory mediator release in healthy children. RESULTS: The addition of 2 mM glutamine to the incubation media significantly increased HSP70 release over time (p < 0.05). This was associated with an early pro-inflammatory effect on TNF-α release at 4 h (p < 0.005) which was not seen at 24 h. There was a non significant trend towards higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10 following the addition of 2 mM glutamine, which appears to differ from the response reported in adult and animal models. CONCLUSION: Glutamine supplementation of incubation media promotes HSP70 and early TNF- α release in an in vitro model using blood samples from healthy children.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available via Elsevier at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.00

Investigation of In vitro Release Kinetics of Carbamazepine from Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO Matrix Tablets

Purpose: The objective of this research work was to prepare and evaluate the effect of Eudragit RS PO and Eudragit RL PO polymers on the physical property and release characteristics of carbamazepine matrix tablets.Methods: Matrix tablets containing carbamazepine were prepared with Eudragit® RS PO alone as the rate-retarding polymer (coded batch series ‘A’) and also with a combination of Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO (coded batch series ‘B’). The tablets were characterized for hardness as well as for carbamazepine release. The release data were subjected to differentmodels in order to evaluate their release kinetics and mechanisms.Results: The hardness of batch series ‘A’ matrix tablet was >160 kg/cm2 while for batch series ‘B’, it was >170 kg/cm2. Carbamazepine tablets containing only Eudragit RS PO showed very slow release (less than 6% in 8 h) but when Eudragit RL PO was blended with Eudragit RS PO, the release rate improved significantly to 44% in 24 h (p < 0.05). Drug release mechanism was a complex mixture of diffusion and erosion.Conclusion: Carbamazepine matrix tablets of satisfactory hardness were produced. Furthermore, by blending Eudragit RS PO with Eudragit RL PO in the matrix, tablets of varying release characteristics can be prepared

Co-Occurrence and Characteristics of Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis Who Meet Criteria for Fibromyalgia : Results From a UK National Register

The British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) Biologics Register in Ankylosing Spondylitis is funded by the BSR and they have receive funds for this from Pfizer, AbbVie and UCB. These companies receive advance copies of manuscripts and can provide comments but have no input into determining the topics for analysis, publication and no input into the work involved in this analysis. This analysis is part-funded by Arthritis Research UK (Grant No: 21378)Peer reviewedPublisher PD