A New General Method to Generate Random Modal Formulae for Testing Decision Procedures

The recent emergence of heavily-optimized modal decision procedures has highlighted the key role of empirical testing in this domain. Unfortunately, the introduction of extensive empirical tests for modal logics is recent, and so far none of the proposed test generators is very satisfactory. To cope with this fact, we present a new random generation method that provides benefits over previous methods for generating empirical tests. It fixes and much generalizes one of the best-known methods, the random CNF_[]m test, allowing for generating a much wider variety of problems, covering in principle the whole input space. Our new method produces much more suitable test sets for the current generation of modal decision procedures. We analyze the features of the new method by means of an extensive collection of empirical tests

Surface fatigue life of CBN and vitreous ground carburized and hardened AISI 9310 spur gears

Spur gear surface endurance tests were conducted to investigate CBN ground AISI 9310 spur gears for use in aircraft applications, to determine their endurance characteristics and to compare the results with the endurance of standard vitreous ground AISI 9310 spur gears. Tests were conducted with VIM-VAR AISI 9310 carburized and hardened gears that were finish ground with either CBN or vitreous grinding methods. Test conditions were an inlet oil temeprature of 320 K (116 F), an outlet oil temperature of 350 K (170 F), a maximum Hertz stress of 1.71 GPa (248 ksi), and a speed of 10,000 rpm. The CBN ground gears exhibited a surface fatigue life that was slightly better than the vitreous ground gears. The subsurface residual stress of the CBN ground gears was approximately the same as that for the standard vitreous ground gears for the CBN grinding method used

Water ice clouds in a martian global climate model using data assimilation

The water cycle is one of the key seasonal cycles on Mars, and the radiative effects of water ice clouds have recently been shown to alter the thermal structure of the atmosphere. Current Mars General Circulation Models (MGCMs) are capable of representing the formation and evolution of water ice clouds, though there are still many unanswered questions regarding their effect on the water cycle, the local atmosphere and the global circulation. We discuss the properties of clouds in the LMD/UK MGCM and compare them with observations, focusing on the differences between the water ice clouds in a standalone model and those in a model which has been modified by assimilation of thermal and aerosol opacity spacecraft data

The circulatory impact of dust from dust profile assimilation

We present results from a reanalysis of temperatures, dust columns and dust vertical profiles focussing on the assimilation, distribution and transport of dust in the martian atmosphere. The assimilation of dust vertical information in particular is a valuable technique which has been shown to be of vital importance to a successful assimilation of the martian atmosphere, with the vertical representation of the dust distribution having a critical effect on assimilation results generally. Atmospheric dust is a key driver of the martian circulation. Dust-induced heating and cooling is a potential feedback mechanism for dust lifting, for example, and can modify the circulation to either enhance or suppress dust storm activity. Accurately representing its complex spatial and temporal distribution is therefore crucial for understanding Mars’ atmospheric dynamics and transport

Spectrophotometric Studies on Fe(III) Complexes

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Radiative transfer modelling for the NOMAD-UVIS instrument on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission

The NOMAD (Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery) instrument is a 3-channel (2 IR, 1 UV/Vis) spectrometer due to fly on the 2016 ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission. A radiative transfer model for Mars has been developed providing synthetic spectra to simulate observations of the UVIS channel in both solar occultation and nadir viewing geometries. This will allow for the characterization and mitigation of the influence of dust on retrievals of ozone abundance

Iatrogenic phenytoin toxicity: a case report of medication error

Medication errors may produce severe toxicity resulting in hospitalization. This can be compounded if the physician obtains the wrong concentration from a reference manual and a pharmacy miscalculates the conversion. We present a case report of phenytoin toxicity related to overdose in 19 year girl which is related to prescribing error and dose related error. A 19 years old girl came to emergency department with convulsions, gum hypertrophy and ataxia. Patient had history of convulsion before 2 months at that time she was given Tab. Phenytoin (100mg) (Eptoin) 2 times a day prescribed for generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS). Then before seven days she presented with convulsion so physician increased the dose of drug from 2 times a day to 3 times a day. Then patient developed gum hyperplasia and ataxia after 7 days and she presented with convulsion. Serum Phenytoin level was >40mcg/ml. Phenytoin was withdrawn. Then patient then recovered eventually. Medication errors may produce severe toxicity resulting in hospitalization. It also increases morbidity and mortality. A prescribing fault is a failure in the prescribing process. It leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient. Phenytoin metabolism is dose dependent. So very small increments in dosage may result in adverse effects. In our case sudden increase in the dose by 100mg led to blood level double than therapeutic blood level. So, medication error occurred at the prescription level and because of that patient developed toxicity and she needed to hospitalization. In this case instead of suddenly increasing the dose of phenytoin one should change the drug or add another drug to prevent toxicity or side effect