8,434 research outputs found
Transport in Almost Integrable Models: Perturbed Heisenberg Chains
The heat conductivity kappa(T) of integrable models, like the one-dimensional
spin-1/2 nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model, is infinite even at finite
temperatures as a consequence of the conservation laws associated with
integrability. Small perturbations lead to finite but large transport
coefficients which we calculate perturbatively using exact diagonalization and
moment expansions. We show that there are two different classes of
perturbations. While an interchain coupling of strength J_perp leads to
kappa(T) propto 1/J_perp^2 as expected from simple golden-rule arguments, we
obtain a much larger kappa(T) propto 1/J'^4 for a weak next-nearest neighbor
interaction J'. This can be explained by a new approximate conservation law of
the J-J' Heisenberg chain.Comment: 4 pages, several minor modifications, title change
The Detection of Outflows in the IR-Quiet Molecular Core NGC 6334 I(North)
We find strong evidence for outflows originating in the dense molecular core
NGC 6334 I(North): a 1000 Msol molecular core distinguished by its lack of HII
regions and mid-IR emission. New observations were obtained of the SiO 2-1 and
5-4 lines with the SEST 15-m telescope and the H2 (1-0) S(1) line with the ESO
2.2-m telescope. The line profiles of the SiO transitions show broad wings
extending from -50 to 40 km/s, and spatial maps of the line wing emission
exhibit a bipolar morphology with the peaks of the red and blue wing separated
by 30". The estimated mass loss rate of the outflow is comparable to those for
young intermediate to high-mass stars. The near-IR images show eight knots of
H2 emission. Five of the knots form a linear chain which is displaced from the
axis of the SiO outflow; these knots may trace shock excited gas along the path
of a second, highly collimated outflow. We propose that I(N) is a rare example
of a molecular core in an early stage of cluster formation.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 3 ps figures, accepted by ApJ
Spin hydrodynamics in the S = 1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg chain
We study the finite-temperature dynamical spin susceptibility of the
one-dimensional (generalized) anisotropic Heisenberg model within the
hydrodynamic regime of small wave vectors and frequencies. Numerical results
are analyzed using the memory function formalism with the central quantity
being the spin-current decay rate gamma(q,omega). It is shown that in a generic
nonintegrable model the decay rate is finite in the hydrodynamic limit,
consistent with normal spin diffusion modes. On the other hand, in the gapless
integrable model within the XY regime of anisotropy Delta < 1 the behavior is
anomalous with vanishing gamma(q,omega=0) proportional to |q|, in agreement
with dissipationless uniform transport. Furthermore, in the integrable system
the finite-temperature q = 0 dynamical conductivity sigma(q=0,omega) reveals
besides the dissipationless component a regular part with vanishing
sigma_{reg}(q=0,omega to 0) to 0
Fractional Operators, Dirichlet Averages, and Splines
Fractional differential and integral operators, Dirichlet averages, and
splines of complex order are three seemingly distinct mathematical subject
areas addressing different questions and employing different methodologies. It
is the purpose of this paper to show that there are deep and interesting
relationships between these three areas. First a brief introduction to
fractional differential and integral operators defined on Lizorkin spaces is
presented and some of their main properties exhibited. This particular approach
has the advantage that several definitions of fractional derivatives and
integrals coincide. We then introduce Dirichlet averages and extend their
definition to an infinite-dimensional setting that is needed to exhibit the
relationships to splines of complex order. Finally, we focus on splines of
complex order and, in particular, on cardinal B-splines of complex order. The
fundamental connections to fractional derivatives and integrals as well as
Dirichlet averages are presented
Universality of One-Dimensional Heat Conductivity
We show analytically that the heat conductivity of oscillator chains diverges
with system size N as N^{1/3}, which is the same as for one-dimensional fluids.
For long cylinders, we use the hydrodynamic equations for a crystal in one
dimension. This is appropriate for stiff systems such as nanotubes, where the
eventual crossover to a fluid only sets in at unrealistically large N. Despite
the extra equation compared to a fluid, the scaling of the heat conductivity is
unchanged. For strictly one-dimensional chains, we show that the dynamic
equations are those of a fluid at all length scales even if the static order
extends to very large N. The discrepancy between our results and numerical
simulations on Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Recommended from our members
The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP): experimental protocol for CMIP6
The phrasing of the first of three questions motivating CMIP6 – “How does the Earth system respond to forcing?” – suggests that forcing is always well-known, yet the radiative forcing to which this question refers has historically been uncertain in coordinated experiments even as understanding of how best to infer radiative forcing has evolved. The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) endorsed by CMIP6 seeks to provide a foundation for answering the question through three related activities: (i) accurate characterization of the effective radiative forcing relative to a near-preindustrial baseline and careful diagnosis of the components of this forcing; (ii) assessment of the absolute accuracy of clear-sky radiative transfer parameterizations against reference models on the global scales relevant for climate modeling; and (iii) identification of robust model responses to tightly specified aerosol radiative forcing from 1850 to present. Complete characterization of effective radiative forcing can be accomplished with 180 years (Tier 1) of atmosphere-only simulation using a sea-surface temperature and sea ice concentration climatology derived from the host model's preindustrial control simulation. Assessment of parameterization error requires trivial amounts of computation but the development of small amounts of infrastructure: new, spectrally detailed diagnostic output requested as two snapshots at present-day and preindustrial conditions, and results from the model's radiation code applied to specified atmospheric conditions. The search for robust responses to aerosol changes relies on the CMIP6 specification of anthropogenic aerosol properties; models using this specification can contribute to RFMIP with no additional simulation, while those using a full aerosol model are requested to perform at least one and up to four 165-year coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations at Tier 1
Explaining the presence of perennial liquid water bodies in the firn of the Greenland Ice Sheet
pre-printRecent observations have shown that the firn layer on the Greenland Ice Sheet features subsurface bodies of liquid water at the end of the winter season. Using a model with basic firn hydrology, thermodynamics, and compaction in one dimension, we find that a combination of moderate to strong surface melt and a high annual accumulation rate is required to form such a perennial firn aquifer. The high accumulation rate ensures that there is pore space available to store water at a depth where it is protected from the winter cold. Low-accumulation sites cannot provide sufficiently deep pore space to store liquid water. However, for even higher accumulation rates, the total cold content of the winter accumulation becomes sufficient to refreeze the total amount of liquid water. As a consequence, wintertime or springtime observations of subsurface liquid water in these specific accumulation conditions cannot distinguish between a truly perennial firn aquifer and water layers that will ultimately refreeze completely
Heat transport of clean spin-ladders coupled to phonons: Umklapp scattering and drag
We study the low-temperature heat transport in clean two-leg spin ladder
compounds coupled to three-dimensional phonons. We argue that the very large
heat conductivities observed in such systems can be traced back to the
existence of approximate symmetries and corresponding weakly violated
conservation laws of the effective (gapful) low--energy model, namely
pseudo-momenta. Depending on the ratios of spin gaps and Debye energy and on
the temperature, the magnetic contribution to the heat conductivity can be
positive or negative, and exhibit an activated or anti-activated behavior. In
most regimes, the magnetic heat conductivity is dominated by the spin-phonon
drag: the excitations of the two subsystems have almost the same drift
velocity, and this allows for an estimate of the ratio of the magnetic and
phononic contributions to the heat conductivity.Comment: revised version, 8 pages, 3 figures, added appendi
I.V. LABETALOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION FOLLOWING CORONARY-ARTERY SURGERY
SUMMARY The cardiovascular effects of incremental fixed i.v. doses of labetalol were evaluated in 10 normovolaemic sedated patients presenting with hypertension and tachycardia in the early period after myocardial revas-cularizaoon. A first dose of 20 mg was sufficient to provoke a (P < 0.01) mean decrease in systolic (−9.3%), diastolic (−8.2%) and mean arterial (−7.9%) pressure (AP) and in the rate-pressure product (RPP) (−13.1%). The mean heart rate (HR) did not change significantly, but a linear correlation could be established between the change at 2 min and the value before injection (r = 0.73). A second dose of labetalol 40 mg given S min later did not decrease AP further, but a significant decrease in HR was noted. A marked difference in the individual response among patients was found as the range of effective total doses per kg body weight was 0.6-4.1 mg kg−1 (mean 2.2). Apart from one patient, no patient needed vagolytic or sympathomimetic drugs to oppose the alpha or beta actions of labetalol during the 24-h follow-up perio
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