383 research outputs found
Knowledge, practices and beliefs of students regarding health effects of shisha use in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A crossâsectional study
Background. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Shisha use has recently been gaining increased popularity in many developed and developing countries.
Objective. To determine the prevalence of shisha use among students in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and associated knowledge, smoking practices and beliefs about health effects.
Method. A total of 443 students were selected for this cross-sectional study, using a stratified sampling method. Data on shisha use, knowledge about shisha, shisha smoking practices, and factors associated with use of shisha were collected via a questionnaire. The association between the independent variables and shisha use was assessed using a Ï2 test (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables that were independently associated with shisha smoking.
Results. Of the 421 respondents, 162 (38.5%) indicated that they had smoked shisha; 14.0% were regular smokers. We found that 183 students (43.5%) had poor knowledge about the health effects of shisha. The main reasons for shisha smoking were being in the company of friends who were users (57.4%), the pleasant flavour and fragrance of shisha (25.9%), and fashion (22.2%). Ninety-nine shisha smokers (61.1%) also consumed alcohol. Factors associated with shisha smoking included age <20 years (p<0.001), gender (p=0.034), and educational level of the respondentâs father (p=0.0001) and mother (p=0.0004).
Conclusion. We found a relatively high prevalence of shisha smoking among the students, and that 43.5% of them had poor knowledge about its effects on health. Developing surveillance, intervention and regulatory/policy frameworks specific to shisha has become a public health priority
Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Background: In Burkina Faso, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is not routinely used in the biological qualification of blood donations and this constitutes a risk factor for the transmission of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of occult B infection (OBI) among blood donors for the purposes of improved blood safety in Burkina Faso.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 300 HBsAg negative blood donors was conducted in the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from April to October 2020. Anti-HBc antibody was determined using the BOSONÂź brand rapid tests. HBV DNA was detected in 75 selected donors by real-time PCR (rt PCR) using the 7500 Fast Real Time PCR assay technique.
Results: Of the 300 HBsAg negative donors, 208 (69.3%) were males while 92 (30.7%) were females, with average age of 30.18 years. Anti-HBc antibody was detected in 39 cases (13%). Of the 75 donor samples tested by rt PCR, 3 (4%) were positive for HBV DNA (occult B infection); 2 of which were anti-HBc antibody positive (seropositive OBI) while 1 was anti-HBc antibody negative (seronegative OBI).
Conclusion: Given the prevalence of OBI of 4% in this study and its consequences in blood recipients, it appears necessary that in addition to the classic serological markers of hepatitis B, to test for the presence of HBV DNA among blood donors in order to improve transfusion safety.
Keywords: Prevalence, Occult B infection; Blood donors, Ouagadougou.
French title: Prévalence de l'infection occulte par le virus de l'hépatite B chez les donneurs de sang à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Contexte: Au Burkina Faso, la polymĂ©rase chain rĂ©action (PCR) nâest pas utilisĂ©e lors de la qualification biologique des dons et cela constitue un facteur de risque de transmission de lâInfection Occulte du virus B (VHB) lors des transfusions sanguines. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence de lâinfection occulte B chez les donneurs de sang en vue dâune meilleure sĂ©curitĂ© transfusionnelle.
MĂ©thodologie: Une Ă©tude transversale prospective, rĂ©alisĂ©e dâavril Ă octobre 2020 dans la ville de Ouagadougou incluant 300 donneurs de sang AgHBs nĂ©gatif. Lâanticorps anti HBc a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ© par les tests rapides de marque BOSONÂź. LâADN du VHB a Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ© chez 75 donneurs par PCR en temps rĂ©el (rt PCR) avec le 7500 Fast Real Time PCR.
RĂ©sultats: Parmi les 300 donneurs AgHBs nĂ©gatifs, 208 (69,3%) Ă©taient des hommes et 92 (30,7%) des femmes. LâĂąge moyen Ă©tait de 30,18 ans. La recherche de lâAc anti-HBc Ă©tait positive dans 39 cas (13 %). Parmi les 75 Ă©chantillons passĂ©s Ă la rt PCR, 3 (4%) Ă©taient positifs pour lâADN du VHB. Sur les 3 cas dâADN VHB positifs, 2 (66,67%) Ă©taient positifs Ac anti HBc et 1 (33,33%) Ac anti HBc nĂ©gatif.
Conclusion: Compte tenu de la prĂ©valence de lâinfection occulte B et ses consĂ©quences chez les donneurs de sang et chez les receveurs, il devient nĂ©cessaire de rechercher, en plus des marqueurs sĂ©rologiques classiques de lâhĂ©patite B, lâADN VHB pour une meilleure sĂ©curitĂ© transfusionnelle.
Mots clĂ©s: PrĂ©valence, Infection occulte de lâHBV, Donneurs de sang, Ouagadougou
 
Evolution particuliĂšre de variants cytogĂ©nĂ©tiques complexes de leucĂ©mies myĂ©loĂŻdes chroniques traitĂ©es par lâImatinib
Les variants cytogĂ©nĂ©tiques simples et complexes constituent 5 Ă 10% de tous les cas de leucĂ©mie myĂ©loĂŻde chronique. Le mĂ©canisme de leur formation a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ© par certains auteurs. Les aspects clinique, thĂ©rapeutique et pronostique ne sont pas diffĂ©rents des formes classiques Ă lâaire des anti-tyrosines kinases. Nous rapportons deux cas traitĂ©s par Imatinib dont lâĂ©volution cytogĂ©nĂ©tique a Ă©tĂ© particuliĂšre. Les deux patients ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans le programme GIPAP aprĂšs signature dâun consentement Ă©clairĂ©. Chaque patient a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâun examen clinique, dâun hĂ©mogramme, dâun myĂ©logramme, dâun caryotype et ou dâune hybridation intra-gĂ©nique avec fluorescence avant inclusion dans le programme. Chaque patient aprĂšs inclusion a Ă©tĂ© traitĂ© avec lâImatinib Ă la dose quotidienne de 400mg. La surveillance clinique, hĂ©matologique et cytogĂ©nĂ©tique et molĂ©culaire a Ă©tĂ© faite selon les recommandations de LeukemiaNet.Key words: LeucĂ©mie myĂ©loĂŻde chronique, complexe variant, Ă©volution cytogĂ©nĂ©tiqu
Evaluation of health in pregnancy grants in Scotland: A protocol for a natural experiment
Introduction: A substantial proportion of low birth weight is attributable to the mother's cultural and socioeconomic circumstances. Early childhood programmes have been widely developed to improve child outcomes. In the UK, the Health in Pregnancy (HiP) grant, a universal conditional cash transfer of ÂŁ190, was introduced for women reaching the 25th week of pregnancy with a due date on/or after 6 April 2009 and subsequently withdrawn for women reaching the 25th week of pregnancy on/or after 1 January 2011. The current study focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HiP grant.<p></p>
Methods and analysis: The population under study will be all singleton births in Scotland over the periods of January 2004 to March 2009 (preintervention), April 2009 to April 2011 (intervention) and May 2011 to December 2013 (postintervention). Data will be extracted from the Scottish maternity and neonatal database. The analysis period 2004â2013 should yield over 585â
000 births. The primary outcome will be birth weight among singleton births. Other secondary outcomes will include gestation at booking, booking before 25â
weeks; measures of size and stage; gestational age at delivery; weight-for-dates, term at birth; birth outcomes and maternal smoking. The main statistical method we will use is interrupted time series. Outcomes will be measured on individual births nested within mothers, with mothers themselves clustered within data zones. Multilevel regression models will be used to determine whether the outcomes changed during the period in which the HiP grants was in effect. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for those groups most likely to benefit from the payments.<p></p>
Ethics and dissemination: Approval for data collection, storage and release for research purpose has been given (6 May 2014, PAC38A/13) by the Privacy Advisory Committee. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications in journals, national and international conferences
Can integrated agriculture - nutrition programs change gender norms on land and asset ownership? Evidence from Burkina Faso.
There is a high degree of interest in the potential for agricultural programs to be designed and implemented to achieve health and nutrition objectives. Policymakers have often looked to the experience of civil society organizations in designing and implementing such programs, particularly in different social and cultural contexts. For the past 20 years, Helen Keller International (HKI) has implemented homestead food production programs in Asia and recently has started to adapt and implement these programs in Africa south of the Sahara. The goal of these programs is to improve the nutritional status of and young children through a number of production and nutrition interventions. These interventions are targeted to mothers under the presumption that increasing womenâs access to and control over productive assets and enhancing womenâs human capital to improve production and health and nutrition care practices will translate into improved nutritional status for their children. However, there is very little evidence documenting the ways in which HKIâs homestead food production programs influence womenâs access to and control over productive assets and enhance womenâs human capital in ways that may improve nutritional outcomes. This paper uses a mixed-methods approach to analyze the impact of HKIâs Enhanced-Homestead Food Production pilot program in Burkina Faso on womenâs and menâs assets and on norms regarding ownership, use, and control of those assets. Even though men continue to own and control most land and specific assets in the study area, womenâs control over and ownership of assets has started to change, both in terms of quantifiable changes as well as changes in peopleâs perceptions and opinions about who can own and control certain assets. The paper also discusses the implications of such changes for program sustainability
An integrated agriculture - nutrition program in Burkina Faso can change gender norms on land and asset ownership.
Helen Keller International (HKI) carried out a two-year Enhanced-Homestead Food Production (E-HFP) pilot program (2010â2012) in Gourma Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The programâs goal was to improve womenâs and childrenâs nutrition and health outcomes through production and nutrition interventions. One way in which the program sought to improve its production and nutrition out-comes was by directly increasing womenâs access to and control over productive assets. To accomplish this objective, HKI trained women and gave them inputs for raising small animals and growing nutrient-rich foods, as well as health-and nutrition
-related education delivered through a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy (Dillon et al. 2012). HKI partnered with the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project (GAAP) to measure the impact of the programâs interventions on menâs and womenâs accumulation, ownership, and control over productive assets, and to assess changes in norms and perceptions regarding the ownership, use, and control over these assets
Residual mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Burkina Faso
Background: Burkina Faso is one of the countries in West Africa most affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, despite the implementation of a mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention program as a strategy to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of the disease.Objective: To assess the current risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Burkina Faso.Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted between December 2014 and July 2016, in the 13 health regions of Burkina Faso. Women who were screened HIV-positive during a prenatal consultation were followed until delivery. Their babies received dry blood spot (DBS) at birth, at week 6 and at 1year, to screen for HIV.Results: Overall, 186 pregnant women were included in the study, with a mean age of 29.17±6.13 years. Of their children, 430 DBS actually received a PCR test, giving a 91.1% PCR implementation rate. After analyses, 6 (1.3%) babies were identified as carriers of HIV1. The newbornâs serological status was associated with delivery pattern (p=0.000), the administration of antiretroviral drugs to the mother after delivery (p=0.0064), the administration of Nevirapine to the newborn at birth (p=0.022), the use of contraceptive methods after delivery (p=0.028) and the presence of breast affections/infections since delivery (p=0.013).Conclusion: The results of our study are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions in the mother-tochild prevention program (PMTCT) for HIV-positive pregnant women can be improved through early initiation of triple therapy in early pregnancy and improved adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.Keywords: Burkina Faso, HIV/AIDS, mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral drugs, pregnant wome
Effets des Amendements Organiques sur la Gale Bactérienne et la Pourriture Apicale de la Tomate à Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso
LâĂ©tude a portĂ© sur les effets des amendements organiques sur la gale bactĂ©rienne et la pourriture apicale de la tomate en milieu rĂ©el Ă lâOuest du Burkina Faso. Un essai a Ă©tĂ© mis en place dans un dispositif en bloc de Fisher complĂštement randomisĂ©. Il a comportĂ© huit (08) traitements constituĂ©s des fertilisants organiques et minĂ©raux tous rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s quatre (04) fois. Lâincidence de la maladie et sa sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es ainsi que lâeffet des traitements sur la qualitĂ© des fruits. La progression est relativement faible avec les dĂ©chets mĂ©nagers compostĂ©s associĂ©s aux engrais minĂ©raux. La maladie est plus sĂ©vĂšre avec les diffĂ©rents fertilisants pris individuellement. Dans lâensemble, la maladie est Ă©volutive avec tous les traitements.
The study focused on the effects of organic amendments on bacterial scab and apical rot of tomato in a real environment in western Burkina Faso. Indeed, a trial was set up in a completely randomized Fisher block design. It included eight (08) treatments consisting of organic and mineral fertilizers all repeated four (04) times. The incidence of the disease and its severity were evaluated as well as the effect of the treatments on the quality of the fruits. The disease is progressive with all treatments. However, the progression is relatively low with composted household waste associated with mineral fertilizers. The disease is more severe with the different fertilizers taken individually
Importance of the confirmatory assay for the detection of the HBsAg in the epidemiological studies and in the diagnosis of the viral Hepatitis B
Several epidemiological studies have reported high prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women in Burkina Faso. They used various algorithms, as it is also done for the routine diagnostic. Knowing this antigen carriage rate in such a population or in other clinic attendees is important for the implementation of a national immunisation programme and the monitoring of patients with hepatitis B. Often, the screening tests were not confirmed in spite of the existence of known false positive and false negative results. The aim of this study was to determine a more accurate prevalence of HBsAg, among the pregnant women in Burkina Faso. From October 2006 to January 2007, blood samples were collected from 1139 pregnant women. Each sample was analyzed for HBsAg, using two assays and according to manufacturersâ instructions vis, HepanostikaÂźHBsAg Uniform II B9 (Bio-MĂ©rieux; France) and HBsAg (V2) Abbott AxSYMÂź system (Abbott Diagnostics). All the positive samples were tested with a confirmatory neutralization assay- HepanostikaÂźHBsAg Uniform II B9 Confirmatory (Bio-Merieux). The mean age of the pregnant women was 24.85years [range: 15-45years] and the age range of 20-24 (37%) and 25-29 (25.4%) years were the most represented. The overall rate of HBsAg-positive pregnant women with the two screening assays was 20.9%. The HBsAg detection rate was significantly higher with HepanostikaÂź UniformII B9 (16.9%) than with HBsAg (V2) AxSYM system assay (12.1%), with
Climate information services need for livestock production in Senegal and priorities for investment
Climate change and variability is affecting the livestock production system in Senegal. The use of relevant climate information services (CIS) in the livestock production value chain has the potential to build the resilience and productivity of transhumant pastoralists. The demand for CIS has increased today at a stage where several pastoral communities are willing to contribute to the
cost of CIS production. Attempts to promote and scale up access to and use of CIS have been successful for the farming and fishing sectors in Senegal but this has not been the case for the livestock sector due to various reasons including failure to produce needed CIS and to set up dedicated CIS dissemination channels. The ONECGIAR Initiative on Livestock and Climate (LAC),
under its work package 2 is taking stock of achievements from previous projects to deliver salient CIS to pastoral communities in the Ferlo zone of Senegal. To this end, fine-tuning the need assessment in terms of CIS (types, resolution, frequency etc.), dissemination channels and capacity building is a prerequisite. Therefore, stakeholdersâ consultation meetings and a review of
existing literature were used to assess the needs. In total, 15 CIS have been identified by the various stakeholders of which seven are already available; several CIS dissemination channels have been identified of which, community radio and mobile network operatorsâ platforms such as SMS and IVR are the most preferred ones. There is also a need to translate CIS into advisories
suitable for each agroecological zone. This will require some capacity building of the multidisciplinary working groups (MWG) for each target district
- âŠ