An Improved Web Explorer using Explicit Semantic Similarity with ontology and TF-IDF Approach

The Improved Web Explorer aims at extraction and selection of the best possible hyperlinks and retrieving more accurate search results for the entered search query. The hyperlinks that are more preferable to the entered search query are evaluated by taking into account weighted values of frequencies of words in search string that are present in anchor texts and plain texts available in title and body tags of various hyperlink pages respectively to retrieve relevant hyperlinks from all available links. Then the concept of ontology is used to gain insights of words in search string by finding their hypernyms, hyponyms and synsets to reach to the source and context of the words in search string. The Explicit Semantic Similarity analysis along with Naïve Bayes method is used to find the semantic similarity between lexically different terms using Wikipedia and Google as explicit semantic analysis tools and calculating the probabilities of occurrence of words in anchor and body texts .Vector Space Model is being used to calculate Term frequency and Inverse document frequency values, and then calculate cosine similarities between the entered Search query and extracted relevant hyperlinks to get the most appropriate relevance wise ranked search results to the entered search string

Stability Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Estimation of Artemether in Capsule Dosage Forms

A new simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis for artemether both as a bulk drug and in capsule formulations was developed and validated. The method employed mobile phase acetonitrile (ACN) and buffer in the ratio 65:35 of pH 6.5 adjusted with tryethylamine. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.9996 in the concentration range 250-750 μg/ml. The mean value slope and intercept were 9355.5 and −93.5, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, and recovery studies. Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantitation (LOQ) for artemether were found to be 21.83-750 μg/ml, respectively. The method has been successfully applied in the analysis of marketed capsule formulations. The presented method was found to be reliable to separate all the degradents from all the stress conditions with resolution of more than 1.5 showing that it is a stability indicating method

Evaluation of sesamum gum as an excipient in matrix tablets

In developing countries modern medicines are often beyond the affordability of the majority of the population. This is due to the reliance on expensive imported raw materials despite the abundance of natural resources which could provide an equivalent or even an improved function. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of sesamum gum (SG) extracted from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum (readily cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa) as a matrix former. Directly compressed matrix tablets were prepared from the extract and compared with similar matrices of HPMC (K4M) using theophylline as a model water soluble drug. The compaction, swelling, erosion and drug release from the matrices were studied in deionized water, 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using USP apparatus II. The data from the swelling, erosion and drug release studies were also fitted into the respective mathematical models. Results showed that the matrices underwent a combination of swelling and erosion, with the swelling action being controlled by the rate of hydration in the medium. SG also controlled the release of theophylline similar to the HPMC and therefore may have use as an alternative excipient in regions where Sesamum radiatum can be easily cultivated

Prediction of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression on Inpatient Wards Using Continuous Capnography and Oximetry: An International Prospective, Observational Trial.

BACKGROUND: Opioid-related adverse events are a serious problem in hospitalized patients. Little is known about patients who are likely to experience opioid-induced respiratory depression events on the general care floor and may benefit from improved monitoring and early intervention. The trial objective was to derive and validate a risk prediction tool for respiratory depression in patients receiving opioids, as detected by continuous pulse oximetry and capnography monitoring. METHODS: PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) was a prospective, observational trial of blinded continuous capnography and oximetry conducted at 16 sites in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Vital signs were intermittently monitored per standard of care. A total of 1335 patients receiving parenteral opioids and continuously monitored on the general care floor were included in the analysis. A respiratory depression episode was defined as respiratory rate ≤5 breaths/min (bpm), oxygen saturation ≤85%, or end-tidal carbon dioxide ≤15 or ≥60 mm Hg for ≥3 minutes; apnea episode lasting \u3e30 seconds; or any respiratory opioid-related adverse event. A risk prediction tool was derived using a multivariable logistic regression model of 46 a priori defined risk factors with stepwise selection and was internally validated by bootstrapping. RESULTS: One or more respiratory depression episodes were detected in 614 (46%) of 1335 general care floor patients (43% male; mean age, 58 ± 14 years) continuously monitored for a median of 24 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 17-26). A multivariable respiratory depression prediction model with area under the curve of 0.740 was developed using 5 independent variables: age ≥60 (in decades), sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure. The PRODIGY risk prediction tool showed significant separation between patients with and without respiratory depression (P \u3c .001) and an odds ratio of 6.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.44-8.30; P \u3c .001) between the high- and low-risk groups. Compared to patients without respiratory depression episodes, mean hospital length of stay was 3 days longer in patients with ≥1 respiratory depression episode (10.5 ± 10.8 vs 7.7 ± 7.8 days; P \u3c .0001) identified using continuous oximetry and capnography monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: A PRODIGY risk prediction model, derived from continuous oximetry and capnography, accurately predicts respiratory depression episodes in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor. Implementation of the PRODIGY score to determine the need for continuous monitoring may be a first step to reduce the incidence and consequences of respiratory compromise in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor

Polyamines stimulate shoot bud proliferation and multiplication in <i style="">Achras sapota</i> grown in culture

85-90In vitro shoot bud proliferation and multiplication was stimulated in shoot clusters of Achras sapota when polyamines were incorporated in the Schenk and Hildebrandt’s (SH) medium in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Of the three polyamines–putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), Put proved to be highly stimulatory. With Put at 0.1 mM concentration in combination with 8.87 µM BA, a little less than three-fold rate of shoot multiplication could be achieved while BA alone could not evoke such response. The stimulatory effect of Put was followed by Spm. The involvement of polyamines in the above response was confirmed by suppression of process by use of their biosynthesis specific inhibitors– -difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and -difluoromethylarginine (DFMA). DFMO at 1.0 mM concentration caused more effective suppression of shoot proliferation as compared to DFMA at the same concentration. The inhibitory effect could be reversed by incorporation of additional polyamines in the medium. Stimulated shoot bud proliferation (more than that obtained with Put) was also observed when GA3 was incorporated in place of polyamines in the medium. However, its consistent use was not found beneficial in the long run

Kinetics & Mechanisms of Oxidations by Metal Ions: Part II-Oxidation of Glycolic Acid by Aquamanganese(III) Ions

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Efficacy of multi-detector coronary computed tomography angiography in comparison with exercise electrocardiogram in the triage of patients of low risk acute chest pain

Objectives: To compare the safety and diagnostic efficacy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) with exercise electrocardiography (XECG) in triaging patients of low risk acute chest pain. Background: Noninvasive assessment of coronary stenosis by CTA may improve early and accurate triage of patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Low risk patients of possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included in the study. The patients in CTA arm with significant stenosis (≥50%) underwent catheterization, while those with no or intermediate stenosis (<50%) were discharged from ED and followed up periodically for six months for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The same protocol was applied for XECG arm. Outcomes included: safety and diagnostic efficacy. Results: A total of 81 (41 CTA and 40 XECG) patients were enrolled. In this study CTA was observed to be 100% sensitive and 95.7% specific in diagnosing MACE in low risk patients of chest pain presenting to the ED, with a PPV of 94.7% and an NPV of 100%.The overall diagnostic efficacy was 97.6%. XECG was observed to be 72.7% sensitive and 96.6% specific in diagnosing MACE with a PPV of 88.9% and NPV of 90.3% in low risk chest pain patients presenting to the ED. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 90%. Conclusion: CTA is an excellent diagnostic tool in ED patients with low risk of ACS, with minimum time delay as compared to XECG, and also is safe for triaging such patients

DETECTION OF RECYCLABLE AND NON-RECYCLABLE PLASTIC BY SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS

Plastic is widely used material all over the world. Use of plastic creates waste which is necessary to sort. Plastic waste must be sorted so as to recycle into its various types. This article presents idea of using microcontroller based near infrared spectroscopy system to sort the type of plastic waste. Near infrared spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method that uses the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum of about 700nm to 2500 nm. A prototype model has been developed which is able to control LED’S (Various wavelengths) and detectors