Shuttle active thermal control system development testing. Volume 6: Water ejector plume tests

Results are given of vacuum testing of nozzles designed to eject water vapor away from the space shuttle to prevent contamination of the spacecraft surfaces and payload. The water vapor is generated by an active cooling system which evaporates excess fuel cell water to supplement a modular radiator system (MRS). The complete heat rejection system including the MRS, flash evaporator or sublimator and nozzle were first tested to demonstrate the system operational characteristics. The plume tests were performed in two phases and the objectives of this test series were: (1) to determine the effectiveness of a supersonic nozzle and a plugged nozzle in minimizing impingement upon the spacecraft of water vapor exhausted by an active device (flash evaporator or sublimator); and (2) to obtain basic data on the flow fields of exhaust plumes generated by these active devices, both with and without nozzles installed

Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 data for selected hydrologic applications

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 data for selected hydrologic applications

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Evaluation of ERTS data for certain hydrological uses

The author has identified the following significant results. A snow-extent map of the American River basin was prepared for 27 May 1973 from MSS band 4 imagery. The basin was 14% snow covered. NOAA-2 visible band imagery was used to determine date of disappearance of snow in the basin: 15 July 1973. A snowmelt curve comparing ERTS-1 and NOAA-2 snow-extent maps is provided. ERTS-1 data were superior in quality and outstanding in cartographic fidelity and were found to be an excellent control or calibration for the distorted and coarse (1 km) imagery from NOAA-2's VHRR which, however, is available on a daily basis

Accuracy of the TRIA3 thick shell element

The accuracy of the new TRIA3 thick shell element is assessed via comparison with a theoretical solution for thick homogeneous and honeycomb flat simply supported plates under the action of a uniform pressure load. The theoretical thick plate solution is based on the theory developed by Reissner and includes the effects of transverse shear flexibility which are not included in the thin plate solutions based on Kirchoff plate theory. In addition, the TRIA3 is assessed using a set of finite element test problems developed by the MacNeal-Schwendler Corp. (MSC). Comparison of the COSMIC TRIA3 element as well as those from MSC and Universal Analytics Inc. (UAI) for these problems is presented. The current COSMIC TRIA3 element is shown to have excellent comparison with both the theoretical solutions and also those from the two commercial versions of NASTRAN with which it is compared

Applications of HCMM data to soil moisture snow and estuarine current studies

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Experimental Assessment of Floating Seagrass Wrack as Potential Habitat for Benthic Organisms

During the summer, seagrass blades are frequently released into the water column as a method to reduce respiration demands of the plant and through physical disruption of the bed (e.g., crab foraging, boat propellers). This wrack has the potential to serve as both food and habitat for organisms dislodged or actively moving within the system. The purpose of this research was to determine how benthic organisms may use floating wrack as a food resource and shelter. Three experimental floating wrack bag treatments were assembled containing using artificial Zoster a marina (i.e., poly-ribbon), Z. marina blades, and a wrack bag control in order to examine if organisms prefer to use wrack for food, shelter, or both. Wrack bags were placed in Bamegat Bay, NJ during the summer of 2015 with collection and replacement of experimental bags occurring bi-weekly. Benthic core samples were taken as well to determine if the benthic organisms matched that of the fauna found in floating wrack. The major organisms identified in this study include Peracarid crustacean dominated by Corophiidae, Aoridae, Caprellidae, Idotea balthica, Erichsonella spp., Gammaridae, and Melitidae. In general, the results demonstrate a clear preference by amphipods and isopods for Z. marina wrack over the artificial Z. marina. The same taxa found in treatment bags were also found in core samples, albeit their relative abundances differed among the different taxa. The stable isotope analysis showed carbon signatures for faunal taxa similar to algae and/or Ruppia maritima. However, it appears that isopods showed combined N and C signatures similar to R. maritima, while the amphipods showed signatures closer to algal food resources. When assessing the overall results of my research, results showed that there was a lack of solitary response to the artificial Z marina. Therefore, I conclude that benthic organisms use wrack as refuge and potential transport mechanism, but also may obtain trophic resources from them. However, the trophic resources are not coming from Z marina, but most likely from associated epiphytic algae. As such, there may be a potential benthic-pelagic link occurring due to a clear distribution of organisms from the benthos into the pelagic zone via floating wrack

The Individual Topic Expert

In a course with rapid changes or innovations, one technique that might lighten the instructor\u27s load and enhance the student\u27s learning is the individual topic expert. This technique can be used in introductory courses to encourage the student to be more involved in the course