Understanding New Zealand s Changing Income Distribution 1983 98:A Semiparametric Analysis

This paper analyses changes in the distribution of equivalised gross household income and income inequality in New Zealand between 1983 and 1998. We analyse the distributional effects of changes in household structure, National Superannuation (old age pension), household socio- demographic attributes and employment outcomes, and in the economic returns to such attributes and employment outcomes, using a semiparametric kernel density approach, and assess the impact of these factors on alternative summary measures of inequality over the period. We find that changes in household structure and in the socio-demographic characteristics of households are the main factors contributing to the rise in inequality, while the large changes in the employment outcomes had a more modest impact, and there is little evidence of systematic effects of changes in the economic returns. The results are qualitatively robust to a variety of equivalisation, income, and weighting measures.Household income distribution; Inequality; Kernel density estimation

Understanding New Zealand's Changing Income Distribution 1983-98: A Semiparametric Analysis

This paper analyses changes in the distribution of equivalised gross household income and income inequality in New Zealand between 1983 and 1998. We analyse the distributional effects of changes in household structure, National Superannuation (old age pension), household socio-demographic attributes and employment outcomes, and in the "economic returns" to such attributes and employment outcomes, using a semiparametric kernel density approach, and assess the impact of these factors on alternative summary measures of inequality over the period. We find that changes in household structure and in the socio-demographic characteristics of households are the main factors contributing to the rise in inequality, while the large changes in the employment outcomes had a more modest impact, and there is little evidence of systematic effects of changes in the economic returns. The results are qualitatively robust to a variety of equivalisation, income, and weighting measures.Household income distribution; Inequality; Kernel density estimation

The Structure and C=C Vibrational Frequencies of the all- trans Polyenes C2nH2n+2(n=2-15), C2nH2n(Me)2(n=2-13), and C2nH2n(tert-Butyl)2(n=2-5): Computational Results

Carbon-carbon bond lengths and C=C vibrational frequencies are reported for the linear, all-trans unsubstituted C2nH2n+2 (n=2-15), methyl capped C2nH2nMe2 (n=2-13), and tert-butyl capped C2nH2n(tert-butyl)2 (n=2-5) polyenes (C2h) calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The C=C/C-C bond length alternation remains evident at this level for the unsubstituted and methyl capped polyenes as the chain length increases; the center-most difference in the length of the C-C/C=C bonds is ~0.06 Å for C30H32 and C26H26Me2. The Ag, in-phase, harmonic C=C Raman frequency for the unsubstituted polyenes decreases from 1699.2 cm-1 (n = 2) to 1528.9 cm-1 (n=15); the anharmonic frequency decreases from 1651.5 cm-1 (n = 2) to 1547.7 cm-1 (n = 8). The harmonic C=C frequency for the methyl capped polyenes decreases from 1717.9 cm-1 (n = 2) to 1539.6 cm- 1 (n= 13), and the anharmonic C=C frequency decreases from 1675.0 cm-1 (n = 2) to 1562.8 cm-1 (n = 7)

Paralisia velopalatina isolada associada a infecção por parvovírus B 19

A case of isolated velopalatine paralysis in an 8-year-old boy is presented. The symptoms were sudden-onset of nasal speech, regurgitation of liquids into the nose and dysphagia. Brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal. Infectious serologies disclosed an antibody arrangement towards parvovirus B19 that was typical of recent infection. In the absence of other positive data, the possibility of a correlation between the tenth nerve palsy and parvovirus infection is discussed

Diversity in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: case-based evidence

Antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) are identified in the form of immune-mediated encephalitis in which typical manifestations include neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures, abnormal movements, dysautonomia and hypoventilation. The authors report two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with different presentations and patterns of progression. The first patient presented with status epilepticus and later developed psychosis, pyramidal signs and diffuse encephalopathy. The second patient presented with acute psychosis followed a week later by seizures, dystonia, rigidity, oromandibular dyskinesias and dysautonomia. Possible mechanisms responsible for the clinical manifestations of this disease are discussed in light of recently described additional clinical and laboratory findings