WOE UNTO YOU TRADE-MARK OWNERS

THE new Trade-Mark Act,1 widely heralded as giving added protection to trade-mark owners, has in its nearly four years of operation resulted, in several spectacular instances, in narrowing the rights conferred by the registration and use of trade-marks. Text author Rudolph Callmann remarked after the act\u27s first birthday: Despite all the efforts of the bar, our courts still cling to the familiar anachronisms. 2 Where do trade-mark owners stand today? The Supreme Court has to date failed to answer this question, and the federal courts have refused to consider the import of the new legislation. Many commentators, attorneys and scholars thought that the enactment of the Lanham Act would provide for uniformity of decisions and make everything right with the trade-mark world. An examination of the recent case law proves that nothing could be farther from the fact; the decisions interpreting the act reveal evidence of confusion and inconsistency in the findings of the courts

Joint Contracture Orthosis (JCO)

The purpose of this project was to develop an advanced orthosis which is effective in reducing upper and lower limb contractures in significantly less time than currently required with conventional methods. The team that developed the JCO consisted of an engineer, orthotist, therapist, and physician

Experimental study on the velocity limits of magnetized rotating plasmas

An experimental study on the physical limits of the rotation velocity of magnetized plasmas is presented. Experiments are performed in the Maryland Centrifugal Experiment (MCX) [R. F. Ellis , Phys. Plasmas 12, 055704 (2005)], a mirror magnetic field plasma rotating azimuthally. The externally applied parameters that control the plasma characteristics-applied voltage, external magnetic field, and fill pressure-are scanned across the entire available range of values. It is found that the plasma rotation velocity does not exceed the Alfven velocity, in agreement with the equilibrium requirements of magnetically confined plasmas. Measured rotation velocities are also lower than the critical ionization velocity in hydrogen, but a strict limit was not observable within MCX parametric capabilities. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics

Destructive Adsorption of Carbon Tetrachloride on Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides

The destructive adsorption of CCl4 on MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO has been studied as a function of the reaction temperature and the amount of CCl4 injected. The reaction was followed using in situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 13 C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the activity toward CCl4 parallels the basicity of the alkaline earth metal oxide; i.e., the activity decreased in the order BaO > SrO > CaO > MgO. Barium oxide readily reacted with CCl4 at 200-300 °C, and, at these low temperatures, CO2 was the only gas-phase product that evolved from the surface. At higher reaction temperatures, other alkaline earth metal oxides, such as CaO and MgO, also became active, and COCl2 was found to be a reaction intermediate in the destruction of CCl4. Although the destruction process is initiated at the surface, the continuous O 2- /Cl - exchange results in the bulk transformation of the metal oxide to the metal chloride. Barium oxide could be regenerated by dissolving the chloride in water, followed by precipitation as barium carbonate and subsequent calcination. In addition, carbon tetrachloride destruction at around 600 °C resulted in the formation of an unusual alkaline earth metal oxide chloride, viz., M4OCl6 (M ) Ba, Sr, or Ca)

Effects of maternal age and size on embryonic energy reserves, developmental timing, and fecundity in quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger)

Maternal effects on the quality of progeny can have direct impacts on population productivity. Rockfish are viviparous and the oil globule size of larvae at parturition has been shown to have direct effects on time until starvation and growth rate. We sampled embryos and preparturition larvae opportunistically from 89 gravid quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) in Southeast Alaska. Because the developmental stage and sampling period were correlated with oil globule size, they were treated as covariates in an analysis of maternal age, length, and weight effects on oil globule size. Maternal factors were related to developmental timing for almost all sampling periods, indicating that older, longer, and heavier females develop embryos earlier than younger, shorter, or lighter ones. Oil globule diameter and maternal length and weight were statistically linked, but the relationships may not be biologically significant. Weight-specific fecundity did not increase with maternal size or age, suggesting that reproductive output does not increase more quickly as fish age and grow. Age or size truncation of a rockfish population, in which timing of parturition is related to age and size, could result in a shorter parturition season. This shortening of the parturition season could make the population vulnerable to fluctuating environmental conditions

Evidence of hook competition in longline surveys

Catch rates from surveys are used as indices of abundance for many fish species. Relative abundance estimates from surveys with longline gear do not usually account for possible effects of gear saturation, which potentially creates competition among fish for baited hooks and misrepresentations of abundance trends. We examined correlations between catch rates of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis) and between sablefish and shortraker (Sebastes borealis) and rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) from 25 years of longline surveys in Alaska waters for evidence of competition for hooks. Sablefish catch rates were negatively correlated with giant grenadier catch rates in all management areas in Alaskan waters, and sablefish and rockfish were negatively correlated in five of the six areas, indicating that there is likely competition for hooks during longline surveys. Comparative analyses were done for trawl survey catch rates, and no negative correlations were observed, indicating that the negative correlations on the longline surveys are not due to differing habitat preferences or direct competition. Available adjustments for gear saturation may be biased if the probability of capture does not decrease linearly with baited hooks. A better understanding of each fish species’ catch probabilities on longline gear are needed before adjustments for hook competition can be made

Modeling of lithium granule injection in NSTX using M3D-C1

In this paper, we present simulations of pedestal control by lithium granule injection (LGI) in NSTX. A model for small granule ablation has been implemented in the M3D-C1 code (Jardin et al 2012 Comput. Sci. Discovery 5 014002), allowing the simulation of realistic lithium granule injections. 2D and 3D simulations of Li injections in NSTX H-mode plasmas are performed and the effect of granule size, injection angle and velocity on the pedestal gradient increase is studied. The amplitude of the local pressure perturbation caused by the granules is found to be highly dependent on the solid granule size. Adjusting the granule injection velocity allows one to inject more particles at the pedestal top. 3D simulations show the destabilization of high order MHD modes whose amplitude is directly linked to the localized pressure perturbation, which is found to depend on the toroidal localization of the granule density source